I-Microcephaly

I-Microcephaly yisimo lapho usayizi wekhanda lomuntu uncanyana kakhulu kunabanye abaneminyaka yobudala efanayo nobulili. Usayizi wekhanda ulinganiswa njengebanga elizungeze phezulu kwekhanda. Usayizi omncane kunokujwayelekile unqunywa kusetshenziswa amashadi ajwayelekile.

I-Microcephaly ivame ukwenzeka ngoba ubuchopho abukhuli ngezinga elijwayelekile. Ukukhula kogebhezi kunqunywa ukukhula kwengqondo. Ukukhula kobuchopho kwenzeka ngenkathi ingane isesiswini nasebusaneni.

Izimo ezithinta ukukhula kobuchopho zingadala ezincane kunosayizi ojwayelekile wekhanda. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukutheleleka, ukuphazamiseka kofuzo, nokungondleki okukhulu.

Izimo zofuzo ezibangela i-microcephaly zifaka:

• Isifo seCornelia de Lange
• I-Cri du chat syndrome
• I-Down syndrome
• Isifo sikaRubinstein-Taybi
• Iseckel syndrome
• Isifo sikaSmith-Lemli-Opitz
• I-Trisomy 18
• I-Trisomy 21

Ezinye izinkinga ezingaholela ku-microcephaly zifaka:

• I-phenylketonuria (PKU) engalawulwa kumama
• I-Methylmercury ushevu
• I-rubella yokuzalwa
• I-toxoplasmosis yokuzalwa
• I-cytomegalovirus yokuzalwa (CMV)
• Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi utshwala ne-phenytoin

Ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-Zika ngenkathi ukhulelwe nakho kungadala i-microcephaly. Igciwane le-Zika litholakale e-Afrika, eSouth Pacific, ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Asia, naseBrazil nakwezinye izingxenye zeNingizimu Melika, kanye neMexico, Central America, kanye neCaribbean.

Imvamisa, i-microcephaly itholakala lapho izalwa noma ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuhle kwengane. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uma ucabanga ukuthi usayizi wekhanda wosana lwakho mncane kakhulu noma awukhuli ngokujwayelekile.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma wena noma umlingani wakho niye endaweni lapho uZika ekhona futhi ukhulelwe noma ucabanga ngokukhulelwa.

Isikhathi esiningi, i-microcephaly itholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okujwayelekile. Izilinganiso zekhanda ziyingxenye yazo zonke izivivinyo zezingane ezinhle ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyi-18. Ukuhlolwa kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa kuphela ngenkathi itheyiphu yokulinganisa ibekwa ezungeze ikhanda lengane.

Umhlinzeki uzogcina irekhodi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukunquma:

• Uyini umjikelezo wekhanda?
• Ingabe ikhanda likhula ngesivinini esincane kunomzimba?
• Yiziphi ezinye izimpawu ezikhona?

Kungasiza futhi ukugcina amarekhodi akho okukhula kwengane yakho. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho uma ubona ukuthi ukukhula kwekhanda kwengane kubonakala kuhamba kancane.

Uma umhlinzeki wakho exilonga ingane yakho nge-microcephaly, kufanele uyiqaphele kumarekhodi ezempilo engane yakho.

• Ukhakhayi losana olusanda kuzalwa
• I-Microcephaly
• I-Ultrasound, umbungu ovamile - ama-ventricles obuchopho

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Igciwane leZika. www.cdc.gov/zika/index.html. Kubuyekezwe ngoJuni 4, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoNovemba 15, 2019.

UJohansson MA, Mier-Y-Teran-Romero L, Reefhuis J, Gilboa SM, Hills SL. UZika kanye nengozi ye-microcephaly. N Engl J Med. 2016; 375 (1): 1-4. I-PMID: 27222919 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27222919/.

UKinsman SL, uJohnston MV. Okuzenzakalelayo kokuzalwa kwesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 609.

IMizaa GM, iDobyns WB. Ukuphazamiseka kosayizi wobuchopho. Ku: Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, Ferriero DM, et al, abahleli. I-Swaiman's Pediatric Neurology: Izimiso kanye Nokuzijwayeza. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isahluko 28.