Ukuthayipha kwegazi

Ukuthayipha igazi kuyindlela yokutshela ukuthi unaluphi uhlobo lwegazi. Ukuthayipha igazi kwenziwa ukuze unikele ngegazi lakho ngokuphepha noma uthole ukumpontshelwa igazi. Kuyenziwa futhi ukubona ukuthi unayo yini into ebizwa nge-Rh factor ebusweni bamaseli akho abomvu egazi.

Uhlobo lwegazi lakho lususelwa ekutheni amaprotheni athile akuwo yini amaseli akho abomvu egazi. Lawa maprotheni abizwa ngama-antigen. Uhlobo lwegazi lakho (noma iqembu legazi) kuncike ekutheni yiziphi izinhlobo abazali bakho abazidlulisele kuwe.

Igazi livame ukuqoqwa ngohlelo lwe-ABO lokuthayipha igazi. Izinhlobo ezine ezinkulu zegazi yilezi:

• Thayipha u-A
• Uhlobo B
• Thayipha AB
• Thayipha u-O

Kudingeka isampula yegazi. Isivivinyo sokunquma iqembu lakho legazi sibizwa ngokuthi yi-ABO typing. Isampula yegazi lakho lihlanganiswe nama-antibody alwa negazi lohlobo A no-B. Ngemuva kwalokho, isampula liyahlolwa ukubona ukuthi amaseli egazi anamathela ndawonye noma cha. Uma amangqamuzana egazi enamathela ndawonye, ​​kusho ukuthi igazi liphendule ngesinye se-antibodies.

Isinyathelo sesibili sibizwa ngokuthi ukuthayipha emuva. Ingxenye ewuketshezi yegazi lakho ngaphandle kwamaseli (serum) ixubene negazi elaziwa ngokuthi luhlobo A nohlobo B. Abantu abanegazi lohlobo A banamasosha omzimba alwa no-B. Abantu abanegazi lohlobo B banamasosha omzimba alwa no-A. Uhlobo lwe-O lwegazi luqukethe zombili izinhlobo zama-antibodies.

Izinyathelo ezi-2 ezingenhla zinganquma ngokunembile uhlobo lwegazi lakho.

Ukuthayipha kwe-Rh kusebenzisa indlela efana nokuthayipha kwe-ABO. Lapho ukuthayipha igazi kwenziwa ukubona ukuthi une-Rh factor ebusweni bamaseli akho abomvu egazi, imiphumela izoba ngenye yalezi:

• I-Rh + (evumayo), uma unale protein yamaseli engaphezulu
• Rh- (negative), uma ungenayo le protein engaphezulu kweseli

Akukho ukulungiselela okukhethekile okudingekile kulolu vivinyo.

Lapho inaliti ifakwa ukudonsa igazi, abanye abantu bezwa ubuhlungu obulinganiselayo. Abanye bazizwa beshaywa noma betinyelwa kuphela. Ngemuva kwalokho, kungahle kube nokushaywa okuthile noma ukulinyazeka okuncane. Lokhu maduzane kuyaphela.

Ukuthayipha igazi kwenziwa ukuze ukwazi ukumpontshelwa igazi ngokuphepha noma ukufakelwa. Uhlobo lwegazi lakho kufanele luhambisane eduze nohlobo lwegazi olutholayo. Uma izinhlobo zegazi zingafani:

• Amasosha omzimba wakho azobona amaseli abomvu anikelwe njengawangaphandle.
• Ama-antibody azokwakhiwa ngokumelene namaseli abomvu anikelwe futhi ahlasele la maseli egazi.

Izindlela ezimbili okungenzeka igazi lakho negazi lakho elinikelwe zingalingani.

• Ukungafani phakathi kwezinhlobo zegazi A, B, AB, no-O. Lena indlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokungafani. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuphendula komzimba kunzima kakhulu.
• I-Rh factor kungenzeka ingafani.

Ukuthayipha igazi kubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela kungavimbela ukuba ne-anemia esanda kuzalwa kanye ne-jaundice.

Uzotshelwa ukuthi hlobo luni lwegazi le-ABO onalo. Kuzoba ngenye yalezi:

• Thayipha igazi A
• Thayipha igazi B
• Thayipha igazi le-AB
• Thayipha O igazi

Uzotshelwa nokuthi unegazi eline-Rh noma eline-Rh.

Ngokuya ngemiphumela yakho, abahlinzeki bakho bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo banganquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwegazi ongaluthola ngokuphepha:

• Uma unegazi lohlobo A, ungathola kuphela uhlobo A kanye no-O wegazi.
• Uma unegazi lohlobo B, ungathola kuphela uhlobo B kanye no-O wegazi.
• Uma unegazi lohlobo AB, ungathola izinhlobo A, B, AB, no-O igazi.
• Uma unegazi lohlobo O, ungathola kuphela uhlobo O lwegazi.
• Uma uyi-Rh +, ungathola i-Rh + noma i-Rh-blood.
• Uma uyi-Rh-, ungathola kuphela i-Rh- igazi.

Uhlobo O lwegazi lunganikezwa noma ngubani onohlobo lwegazi. Kungakho abantu abanegazi lohlobo O babizwa ngokuthi banikela ngegazi jikelele.

Kunengozi encane ethintekayo ekuthatheni igazi lakho. Imithambo nemithambo iyehluka ngobukhulu ukusuka komunye umuntu iye komunye, futhi kusukela kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba kuye kolunye. Ukuthatha igazi kwabanye abantu kungaba nzima kakhulu ukwedlula kwabanye.

Ezinye izingozi ezihambisana nokudonswa igazi zincane, kepha zingafaka:

• Ukuquleka noma uzizwe unekhanda elincane
• Ukubhoboza okuningi ukuthola imithambo
• Ukopha ngokweqile
• I-hematoma (i-blood buildup ngaphansi kwesikhumba)
• Ukutheleleka (ingozi encane noma kunini lapho isikhumba siphukile)

Kunama-antigen amaningi ngaphandle kwalawa amakhulu (A, B, ne-Rh). Eziningi ezincane azitholakali njalo ngesikhathi sokuthayipha igazi. Uma zingatholakali, usengasabela lapho uthola izinhlobo ezithile zegazi, noma ngabe ama-antigen A, B, neR Rh afaniswa.

Inqubo ebizwa ngokufanisa okulandelanayo elandelwa ukuhlolwa kweCoombs ingasiza ukuthola lawa ma-antigen amancane. Kwenziwa ngaphambi kokumpontshelwa, ngaphandle kwezimo eziphuthumayo.

Ukumatanisa okuphambene; Ukuthayipha kwe-Rh; Ukuthayipha kwegazi kwe-ABO; Uhlobo lwegazi le-ABO; Uhlobo lwegazi; Uhlobo lwegazi lwe-AB; O uhlobo lwegazi; Ukumpontshelwa - ukuthayipha igazi

• I-Erythroblastosis fetalis - i-photomicrograph
• Izinhlobo zegazi

I-Segal GV, i-Wahed MA. Imikhiqizo yegazi nokubhanga kwegazi. Ku: Fowler GC, ed. Izinqubo zikaPfenninger noFowler zokuNakekela okuyisisekelo. Umhla wesi-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 234.

I-Shaz BH, i-CD kaHilyer. Umuthi wokumpontshelwa. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 167.

I-Westhoff CM, iStorry JR, iShaz BH. Ama-antigen eqembu legazi lomuntu kanye nama-antibodies. Ku: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, ama-eds. I-Hematology: Izimiso Eziyisisekelo Nokuzijwayeza. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 110.