Ubuningi be-nephelometry test

I-quantitative nephelometry ukuhlolwa kwelebhu ukukala ngokushesha nangokunembile amazinga amaprotheni athile abizwa ngama-immunoglobulin egazini. Ama-immunoglobulin ama-antibody asiza ukulwa nokutheleleka.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kukala ngqo ama-immunoglobulins IgM, IgG, ne-IgA.

Kudingeka isampula yegazi.

Ungacelwa ukuthi ungadli noma uphuze noma yini amahora amane ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Lapho inaliti ifakwa ukudonsa igazi, abanye abantu bezwa ubuhlungu obulinganiselayo. Abanye bazizwa beshaywa noma betinyelwa kuphela. Ngemuva kwalokho, kungahle kube nokushaywa okuthile noma ukulinyazeka okuncane. Lokhu maduzane kuyaphela.

Isivivinyo sinikeza isilinganiso esisheshayo nesinembile samanani ama-immunoglobulins IgM, IgG, ne-IgA.

Imiphumela ejwayelekile yama-immunoglobulin amathathu yile:

• I-IgG: 650 kuya ku-1600 milligram nge-deciliter (mg / dL), noma u-6.5 kuye ku-16.0 amagremu ngelitha ngalinye (g / L)
• IgM: 54 kuya ku-300 mg / dL, noma ku-540 kuya ku-3000 mg / L
• IgA: 40 kuya ku-350 mg / dL, noma ku-400 kuya ku-3500 mg / L

Izibonelo ezingenhla zibonisa izilinganiso ezijwayelekile zale miphumela yokuhlolwa. Ububanzi bamanani ajwayelekile bungahluka kancane phakathi kwamalabhorethri ahlukene. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nencazelo yemiphumela yakho ethile yokuhlolwa. Amanye amalebhu asebenzisa izilinganiso ezahlukahlukene noma avivinye amasampula ahlukile.

Izinga elikhulisiwe le-IgG lingahle libe ngenxa ye:

• Ukutheleleka okungapheli noma ukuvuvukala
• Hyperimmunization (ephakeme kunenani elijwayelekile lama-antibodies athile)
• I-IgG multiple myeloma (uhlobo lomdlavuza wegazi)
• Isifo sesibindi
• Isifo samathambo

Ukwehla kwamazinga we-IgG kungenzeka kungenxa yokuthi:

• I-Agammaglobulinemia (amazinga aphansi kakhulu ama-immunoglobulin, isifo esingajwayelekile kakhulu)
• I-leukemia (umdlavuza wegazi)
• I-myeloma eminingi (umdlavuza womnkantsha wamathambo)
• I-Preeclampsia (umfutho wegazi ophakeme ngesikhathi ukhulelwe)
• Ukwelashwa ngemithi ethile yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Amazinga akhuphukile we-IgM angabangelwa:

• I-Mononucleosis
• I-Lymphoma (umdlavuza wezicubu ze-lymph)
• I-Waldenström macroglobulinemia (umdlavuza wamaseli amhlophe egazi)
• I-myeloma eminingi
• Isifo samathambo
• Ukutheleleka

Ukwehla kwamazinga we-IgM kungahle kube ngenxa:

• I-Agammaglobulinemia (ayivamile kakhulu)
• Umdlavuza wegazi
• I-myeloma eminingi

Amazinga akhuphukile we-IgA angabangelwa:

• Izifo ezingalapheki, ikakhulukazi zomgudu wamathumbu
• Isifo samathumbu esivuthayo, njengesifo seCrohn
• I-myeloma eminingi

Ukwehla kwamazinga we-IgA kungahle kube ngenxa:

• I-Agammaglobulinemia (ayivamile kakhulu)
• Ukushoda kwe-IgA yefa
• I-myeloma eminingi
• Isifo samathumbu esiholela ekulahlekelweni kwamaprotheni

Okunye ukuhlolwa kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa noma ukuxilonga noma yiziphi izimo ezingenhla.

Kunengozi encane ethintekayo ekuthatheni igazi lakho. Imithambo nemithambo yegazi kuyahluka ngosayizi komunye umuntu kuya kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba kuya kolunye. Ukuthatha igazi kwabanye abantu kungaba nzima kakhulu ukwedlula kwabanye.

Ezinye izingozi ezihambisana nokudonswa igazi zincane, kepha zingafaka:

• Ukopha ngokweqile
• Ukuquleka noma uzizwe unekhanda elincane
• Ukubhoboza okuningi ukuthola imithambo
• I-hematoma (ukuqoqwa kwegazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba)
• Ukutheleleka (ingozi encane noma kunini lapho isikhumba siphukile)

Ama-immunoglobulin amaningi

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi

U-Abraham RS. Ukuhlolwa kwezimpendulo zomzimba zokuzivikela kuma-lymphocyte. Ku: Rich RR, Fleisher TA, Shearer WT, Schroeder HW, Bambalwa AJ, Weyand CM, eds. I-Clinical Immunology: Izimiso Nokwenza. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 93.

UMcPherson RA. Amaprotheni athile. Ku: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, abahleli. UHenry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. Umhla ka-23. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: isahluko 19.