Isikrini se-Toxicology

Isikrini se-toxicology sisho izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene ezinquma uhlobo kanye nenani elilinganiselwayo lezidakamizwa ezisemthethweni nezingekho emthethweni umuntu azithathile.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Toxicology kuvame ukwenziwa kusetshenziswa isampula yegazi noma umchamo. Kodwa-ke, kungenziwa ngemuva nje kokuba umuntu ewugwinye umuthi, esebenzisa okuqukethwe esiswini okuthathwe ngokuhlanza esiswini (ukupompa isisu) noma ngemuva kokuhlanza.

Akukho ukulungiselela okukhethekile okudingekayo. Uma ukwazi, tshela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuthi imiphi imishanguzo (okubandakanya nemithi ongayithenga) oyithathile, kufaka phakathi ukuthi uyithathe nini nokuthi udle kangakanani.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kwesinye isikhathi kuyingxenye yophenyo lokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa noma ukuhlukunyezwa. Imvume ekhethekile, ukuphatha kanye nokulebula amalebuli, noma ezinye izinqubo kungadingeka.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi:

Lapho inaliti ifakwa ukuze kudonswe igazi, abanye abantu bezwa ubuhlungu obulinganiselayo, kanti abanye bazizwa kuphela umuzwa wokubhoboza noma wokuhlaba. Ngemuva kwalokho, kungahle kube nokushaywa okuthile.

Ukuhlolwa komchamo:

Ukuhlolwa komchamo kubandakanya ukuchama okujwayelekile. Akukho ukungakhululeki.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ukwenziwa ezimeni zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo. Ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukweqisa ngokweqile okungenzeka ngengozi noma ngamabomu noma ukufaka ushevu. Kungasiza ekutholeni imbangela yobuthi obunzima bezidakamizwa, ukuqapha ukuncika kwezidakamizwa, nokunquma ubukhona bezinto emzimbeni ngezinjongo zokwelashwa noma zomthetho.

Izizathu ezingeziwe zokuhlolwa kungenziwa zifaka:

• Ukuphuza ngokweqile
• Isimo sokuhoxiswa kotshwala
• Isimo sengqondo esishintshile
• I-analgesic nephropathy (ubuthi bezinso)
• Ukuphuza utshwala okuyinkimbinkimbi (i-delirium tremens)
• I-Delirium
• Ukuwohloka komqondo
• Ukuqapha ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa
• I-fetal alcohol syndrome
• Ukweqisa ngokweqile ngamabomu
• Ukuquleka
• Unhlangothi obangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwe-cocaine
• Kusolwa ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi
• Ukuquleka

Uma ukuhlolwa kusetshenziswa njengesikrini somuthi, kufanele senziwe kungakapheli isikhathi esithile ngemuva kokuphuza umuthi, noma ngenkathi izinhlobo zomuthi zisatholakala emzimbeni. Izibonelo zingezansi:

• Utshwala: amahora amathathu kuya kwayishumi
• Ama-Amphetamines: amahora angama-24 kuye kwangama-48
• AmaBarbiturates: kuze kube amasonto ayisithupha
• I-Benzodiazepines: kufika emavikini ayisithupha ngokusetshenziswa kwezinga eliphakeme
• I-Cocaine: izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezingu-4; kufika ezinsukwini eziyi-10 kuye kwezingu-22 ezisetshenziswa kakhulu
• ICodeine: izinsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2
• IHeroin: izinsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2
• I-Hydromorphone: izinsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2
• I-Methadone: izinsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3
• I-Morphine: 1 kuya ezinsukwini ezi-2
• I-Phencyclidine (PCP): izinsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-8
• I-Propoxyphene: amahora ayisithupha kuya kwangu-48
• I-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): amasonto ayi-6 kuye kwayi-11 asetshenziswa kakhulu

Izilinganiso zamanani ezijwayelekile zemithi engaphezulu kwekhawunta noma yemithi kadokotela zingahluka kancane emalabhorethri ahlukene. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nencazelo yemiphumela yakho ethile yokuhlolwa.

Inani elibi kaningi lisho ukuthi utshwala, imishanguzo kadokotela engabekwanga, nemithi engekho emthethweni ayitholakalanga.

Isikrini se-toxicology screen singacacisa ubukhona nezinga (inani) lomuthi emzimbeni wakho.

Imiphumela yesampula yomchamo ivame ukubikwa njenge-positive (into iyatholakala) noma i-negative (ayikho into etholakalayo).

Izinga eliphakeme lotshwala noma imishanguzo kadokotela ingaba uphawu lokudakwa ngamabomu noma ngengozi noma ngokweqile.

Ukuba khona kwezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni noma izidakamizwa ezingabekelwanga umuntu kubonisa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni.

Eminye imishanguzo esemthethweni nangaphezu kwemithi yokubala ingasebenzisana namakhemikhali okuhlola kanye nemiphumela engamanga ekuhlolweni komchamo. Umhlinzeki wakho uzokwazi lokhu kungenzeka.

Izingozi ezihambisana nokudonswa igazi zincane kepha zingafaka:

• Ukopha ngokweqile
• Ukuquleka noma uzizwe unekhanda elincane
• I-hematoma (ukuqoqwa kwegazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba)
• Ukutheleleka (ingozi encane noma kunini lapho isikhumba siphukile)

Izinto ezingatholwa kusikrini se-toxicology zifaka:

• Utshwala (i-ethanol) - "ukuphuza" utshwala
• Ama-Amphetamines
• Izidambisi
• Ama-barbiturates nama-hypnotics
• I-Benzodiazepines
• Cocaine
• I-Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol)
• I-Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
• Insangu
• Izidakamizwa
• Imithi yobuhlungu engeyona eyezidakamizwa, kufaka phakathi i-acetaminophen kanye nemithi elwa nokuvuvukala
• I-Phencyclidine (PCP)
• I-Phenothiazines (imishanguzo yokulwa nezengqondo noma yokuthula)
• Imithi kadokotela, noma yiluphi uhlobo

Ama-barbiturates - isikrini; I-Benzodiazepines - isikrini; Ama-amphetamine - isikrini; Ama-analgesics - isikrini; Ama-anti-depressants - isikrini; Izidakamizwa - isikrini; Phenothiazines - isikrini; Isikrini sokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa; Ukuhlolwa kotshwala egazini

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi

I-Langman LJ, Bechtel LK, Meier BM, Holstege C. Umtholampilo wezobuthi. Ku: Rifai N, ed. I-Tietz Textbook ye-Clinical Chemistry kanye ne-Molecular Diagnostics. Umhlaka 6. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 41.

IMinns AB, iClark RF. Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 140.

UMofenson HC, uCaraccio TR, uMcGuigan M, uGreensher J. Ubuthi bezokwelapha. Ku: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, ama-eds. Ukwelashwa Kwamanje kwe-Conn 2019. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019; 1273-1325.

UPincus MR, uBluth MH, u-Abraham NZ. I-Toxicology kanye nokuqapha izidakamizwa ezelaphayo. Ku: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, abahleli. UHenry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. Umhla ka-23. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier; I-2017: isahluko 23.