IHemoglobin

IHemoglobin yiprotheni enamaseli abomvu egazi athwala umoya-mpilo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin kukala ukuthi i-hemoglobin engakanani esegazini lakho.

Kudingeka isampula yegazi.

Akukho ukulungiselela okukhethekile okudingekayo.

Lapho inaliti ifakwa ukudonsa igazi, abanye abantu bezwa ubuhlungu obulinganiselayo. Abanye bazizwa beshaywa noma betinyelwa kuphela. Ngemuva kwalokho, kungahle kube nokushaywa okuthile noma ukulimazeka okuncane. Lokhu maduzane kuyaphela.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin ukuhlolwa okuvamile futhi kwenziwa njalo njengengxenye yesibalo segazi esiphelele (i-CBC). Izizathu noma imibandela yoku-oda ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin zifaka:

• Izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala, impilo engeyinhle, noma ukuncipha kwesisindo okungaqondakali
• Izimpawu zokopha
• Ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa okukhulu
• Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• Isifo sezinso esingapheli noma ezinye izinkinga eziningi ezingapheli zezokwelapha
• Ukuqapha i-anemia nembangela yayo
• Ukuqapha ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komdlavuza
• Ukuqapha imithi engadala ukubalwa kwegazi noma ukubalwa kwegazi okuphansi

Imiphumela ejwayelekile yabantu abadala iyahlukahluka, kepha ngokujwayelekile yile:

• Owesilisa: 13.8 kuya ku-17.2 amagremu nge-deciliter ngayinye (g / dL) noma ngo-138 kuya ku-172 amagremu ngelitha ngalinye (g / L)
• Owesifazane: 12.1 kuya ku-15.1 g / dL noma u-121 kuye ku-151 g / L

Imiphumela ejwayelekile yezingane iyahlukahluka, kepha ngokujwayelekile yile:

• Usana olusanda kuzalwa: 14 kuya ku-24 g / dL noma u-140 kuya ku-240 g / L
• Izinsana: 9.5 kuye ku-13 g / dL noma ku-95 kuya ku-130 g / L

Amabanga angenhla yizilinganiso ezivamile zemiphumela yalezi zivivinyo. Ububanzi bamanani ajwayelekile bungahluka kancane phakathi kwamalabhorethri ahlukene. Amanye amalebhu asebenzisa izilinganiso ezahlukahlukene noma avivinye amasampula ahlukile. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo mayelana nencazelo yemiphumela yakho ethile yokuhlolwa.

NGAPHANSI KWEHEMOGLOBIN EJWAYELEKILE

Izinga le-hemoglobin eliphansi kungenzeka ngenxa ye:

• I-anemia ebangelwa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi efa ngaphambi kokujwayelekile (i-hemolytic anemia)
• I-anemia (izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene)
• Ukopha okuphuma ekugayeni noma esinyeni, izikhathi ezinzima zokuya esikhathini
• Isifo sezinso esingalapheki
• Umnkantsha wethambo wehluleka ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu amasha. Lokhu kungahle kube ngenxa ye-leukemia, eminye imidlavuza, ubuthi bezidakamizwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, ukutheleleka, noma ukuphazamiseka komnkantsha
• Ukudla okunomsoco (kufaka phakathi izinga eliphansi le-iron, i-folate, i-vitamin B12, noma i-vitamin B6)
• Izinga eliphansi lensimbi, i-folate, i-vitamin B12, noma i-vitamin B6
• Okunye ukugula okungalapheki, njenge-rheumatoid arthritis

PHAKATHI KWE-HEMOGLOBIN EJWAYELEKILE

Izinga eliphezulu le-hemoglobin livame ukubangelwa amazinga e-oxygen aphansi egazini (i-hypoxia), ekhona isikhathi eside. Izizathu ezijwayelekile zifaka:

• Ukukhubazeka okuthile kwenhliziyo okukhona lapho kuzalwa (isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso)
• Ukwehluleka kohlangothi lwesokudla senhliziyo (cor pulmonale)
• Isifo se-pulmonary esingapheliyo esibi (COPD)
• Ukuqhaqhazela noma ukuqina kwamaphaphu (pulmonary fibrosis) nezinye izifo ezinzima zamaphaphu

Ezinye izizathu zeleveli ephezulu ye-hemoglobin zifaka:

• Isifo somnkantsha esingavamile esiholela ekwandeni okungavamile kwenani lamaseli egazi (i-polycythemia vera)
• Umzimba onamanzi namanzi amancane (ukoma)

Kunobungozi obuncane obubandakanyekile ekuthatheni igazi lakho.Imithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi iyehluka ngosayizi komunye umuntu iye kolunye uhlangothi nangolunye uhlangothi lomzimba. Ukuthola isampula yegazi kwabanye abantu kungaba nzima kakhulu ukwedlula kwabanye.

Ezinye izingozi ezihambisana nokudonswa igazi zincane, kepha zingafaka:

• Ukopha ngokweqile
• Ukuquleka noma uzizwe unekhanda elincane
• Ukubhoboza okuningi ukuthola imithambo
• I-hematoma (i-blood buildup ngaphansi kwesikhumba)
• Ukutheleleka (ingozi encane noma kunini lapho isikhumba siphukile)

Hgb; Hb; Ukushoda kwegazi - Hb; I-Polycythemia - Hb

• IHemoglobin

IChernecky CC, iBerger BJ. IHemoglobin (HB, Hgb). Ku: IChernecky CC, iBerger BJ, ama-eds. Ukuhlolwa Kwelabhoratri Nezinqubo Zokuxilonga. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2013: 621-623.

UMarcdante KJ, uKliegman RM. Ukuhlolwa kweHematology. Ku: UMarcdante KJ, uKliegman RM, ama-eds. UNelson Essentials Pediatrics. Umhlaka 8. Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 149.

Kusho i-RT. Sondela kuma-anemias. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 149.