I-Cerebral angiography

I-Cerebral angiography yinqubo esebenzisa udayi okhethekile (okokuqhathanisa okwehlukile) nama-x-ray ukubona ukuthi igazi ligeleza kanjani ebuchosheni.

I-Cerebral angiography yenziwa esibhedlela noma esikhungweni se-radiology.

• Ulala etafuleni le-x-ray.
• Ikhanda lakho lisabanjiwe lisasebenzisa imichilo, iteyipu, noma amasaka esikhwama sandwich, ngakho-ke UNGALITHUTHI ngesikhathi senqubo.
• Ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale ukuhlolwa, unikezwa isidambisi esincane sokukusiza uphumule.
• I-electrocardiogram (ECG) ibheka umsebenzi wenhliziyo yakho ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Izindwangu ezinamathelayo, ezibizwa ngokuthi imikhondo, zizobekwa ezingalweni nasemilenzeni yakho. Izintambo zixhuma imikhondo emshinini we-ECG.

Indawo yomzimba wakho, imvamisa i-groin, iyahlanzwa futhi ifakwe izinzwa ngomuthi ondikazayo wendawo (i-anesthetic). Ishubhu elincane, elingenalutho elibizwa ngokuthi i-catheter lifakwa emthanjeni. I-catheter inyuswa ngokucophelela iye phezulu ngemithambo yegazi esemqoka esiswini nesifuba iye emthanjeni osentanyeni. Ama-X-ray asiza udokotela ukuqondisa ipayipi le-catheter endaweni efanele.

Lapho ipayipi selikhona, udayi uthunyelwa ngomshini wokufaka ipayipi. Izithombe ze-X-ray ziyathathwa ukubona ukuthi udayi uhamba kanjani emithanjeni yegazi nasemithanjeni yegazi yobuchopho. Idayi isiza ukugqamisa noma yikuphi ukuvinjelwa kokugeleza kwegazi.

Kwesinye isikhathi, ikhompyutha isusa amathambo nezicubu ezithombeni ezibukwayo, ukuze kubonakale kuphela imithambo yegazi egcwele udayi. Lokhu kubizwa nge-digital subtraction angiography (DSA).

Ngemuva kokuthi kuthathwe ama-x-ray, i-catheter iyahoxiswa. Ingcindezi ifakwa emlenzeni lapho kufakwe khona imizuzu eyi-10 kuya kwengu-15 ukumisa ukopha noma kusetshenziswa umshini ukuvala imbobo encane. Ngemuva kwalokho kufakwa ibhandishi eliqinile. Umlenze wakho kufanele ugcinwe uqonde amahora amabili kuya kwayisithupha ngemuva kwenqubo. Bheka indawo yokopha okungenani amahora ayi-12 alandelayo. Ezimweni ezingavamile, umthambo wesihlakala usetshenziswa esikhundleni somthambo we-groin.

I-Angiography ene-catheter isetshenziswa kaningi manje. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-MRA (magnetic resonance angiography) ne-CT angiography zinikeza izithombe ezicacile.

Ngaphambi kwenqubo, umhlinzeki wakho uzokuhlola bese a-oda ukuhlolwa kwegazi.

Tshela umhlinzeki uma:

• Yiba nomlando wezinkinga zokopha noma uthathe imishanguzo enciphisa igazi
• Uthole ukusabela okweqile ku-x-ray umehluko wedayi noma noma iyiphi into ye-iodine
• Kungenzeka ukuthi ukhulelwe
• Yiba nezinkinga zokusebenza kwezinso

Ungatshelwa ukuthi ungadli noma uphuze noma yini amahora amane kuya kwangu-8 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Lapho ufika endaweni okuhlolwa kuyo, uzonikezwa ingubo yokugqoka esibhedlela. Kufanele ususe bonke ubucwebe.

Itafula le-x-ray lingazizwa linzima futhi libanda. Ungacela ingubo noma umcamelo.

Abanye abantu bazizwa betinyelwa lapho kunikezwa umuthi wokundikindiki (i-anesthetic). Uzozwa ubuhlungu obufushane, obubukhali nengcindezi lapho ipayipi lihanjiswa emzimbeni. Lapho ukubekwa kokuqala kuqediwe, ngeke usazizwa i-catheter.

Umehluko ungadala umuzwa ofudumele noma ovuthayo wesikhumba sobuso noma senhloko. Lokhu kujwayelekile futhi kuvame ukuphela ngemizuzwana embalwa.

Ungaba nobumnene nokulimala endaweni yomjovo ngemuva kokuhlolwa.

I-Cerebral angiography ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhomba noma ukuqinisekisa izinkinga ngemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni.

Umhlinzeki wakho anga-oda lokhu kuhlolwa uma unezimpawu noma izimpawu ze:

• Imithambo yegazi engajwayelekile ebuchosheni (i-vascular malformation)
• Ukuqhuma kwesitsha segazi ebuchosheni (aneurysm)
• Ukuncipha kwemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni
• Ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni (i-vasculitis)

Kwesinye isikhathi kusetshenziselwa:

• Bheka ukugeleza kwegazi okuya esihlahleni.
• Linganisa imithambo yekhanda nentamo ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
• Thola ihlwili okungenzeka ukuthi lidale isifo sohlangothi.

Kwezinye izimo, le nqubo ingasetshenziselwa ukuthola imininingwane eningiliziwe ngemuva kokuthile okuthize okungajwayelekile kutholakale nge-MRI noma nge-CT scan yekhanda.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kungenziwa futhi nokulungiselela ukwelashwa (izinqubo ze-radiology ezibandakanyayo) ngemithambo ethile yegazi.

Idayi yokuqhathanisa ephuma emthanjeni wegazi ingaba uphawu lokopha.

Imithambo emincane noma evinjiwe ingaphakamisa:

• I-cholesterol ifakwa
• Ukuqhuma komthambo wobuchopho
• Ukuphazamiseka okuzuzwe njengefa
• Amahlule egazi abangela isifo sohlangothi

Ngaphandle kwemithambo yegazi kungenzeka ngenxa:

• Izicubu zobuchopho
• Ukopha ngaphakathi kogebhezi
• I-Aneurysm
• Ukuxhumeka okungavamile phakathi kwemithambo nemithambo ebuchosheni (i-arteriovenous malformation)

Imiphumela engajwayelekile kungenzeka futhi ibangelwe ngumdlavuza oqale kwenye ingxenye yomzimba futhi ususabalele ebuchosheni (isimila semithambo yobuchopho).

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Ukusabela okwe-allergen kudayi wokuqhathanisa
• Ukuqina kwegazi noma ukopha lapho kufakwa khona ipayipi, okungavimba ukuhamba kwegazi emlenzeni noma esandleni (okungajwayelekile)
• Ukulimala komthambo noma udonga lwe-artery kusuka ku-catheter, olungavimba ukugeleza kwegazi futhi kudale isifo sohlangothi
• Ukulimala kwezinso kusukela ekuhlukeni kwe-IV

Tshela umhlinzeki wakho ngokushesha uma une:

• Ubuthakathaka emisipha yakho yobuso
• Ukuba ndikindiki emlenzeni wakho ngesikhathi noma ngemuva kwenqubo
• Inkulumo eshwibeka phakathi nenqubo noma ngemuva kwayo
• Izinkinga zombono ngesikhathi noma ngemuva kwenqubo

I-angiogram ye-Vertebral; I-Angiography - ikhanda; I-angiogram yeCarotid; I-Cervicocerebral catheter-based angiography; Ukukhipha i-angiography yangaphakathi kwedijithali; IADSA

• Ubuchopho
• I-Carotid stenosis - i-X-ray yomthambo wesobunxele
• I-Carotid stenosis - i-X-ray yomthambo ofanele

I-Adamczyk P, i-Liebeskind DS. I-Vascular imaging: i-computed tomographic angiography, i-magnetic resonance angiography, ne-ultrasound. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ama-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley ekwenziweni kwemitholampilo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 40.

I-Barras CD, iBhattacharya JJ. Isimo samanje sokucabanga kobuchopho nezici ze-anatomical. Ku: Adam A, Dixon AK, Gillard JH, Schaefer-Prokop CM, ama-eds. I-Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 53.

IChernecky CC, iBerger BJ. I-Cerebral angiography (i-angiogram yobuchopho) - ukuxilonga. Ku: IChernecky CC, iBerger BJ, ama-eds. Ukuhlolwa Kwelabhoratri Nezinqubo Zokuxilonga. Umhlaka 6. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2013: 309-310.