Izinguquko zokuguga esikhunjeni

Izinguquko zokuguga esikhunjeni yiqembu lezimo ezivamile kanye nentuthuko eyenzeka lapho abantu bekhula.

Izinguquko zesikhumba ziphakathi kwezimpawu ezibonakalayo zokuguga. Ubufakazi beminyaka ekhulayo bufaka imibimbi nesikhumba esixegayo. Izinwele ezimhlophe noma ezimpunga kungenye yezimpawu ezisobala zokuguga.

Isikhumba sakho senza izinto eziningi. It:

• Kuqukethe ama-nerve receptors akuvumela ukuthi uzwe ukuthinta, ubuhlungu, nengcindezi
• Isiza ukulawula uketshezi lwe-fluid ne-electrolyte
• Isiza ukulawula ukushisa komzimba wakho
• Kukuvikela emvelweni

Yize isikhumba sinezingqimba eziningi, ngokuvamile singahlukaniswa sibe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• Ingxenye engaphandle (i-epidermis) iqukethe amangqamuzana esikhumba, i-pigment, namaprotheni.
• Ingxenye emaphakathi (i-dermis) iqukethe amangqamuzana esikhumba, imithambo yegazi, izinzwa, izintambo zezinwele nezindlala zamafutha. I-dermis inikeza izakhi ku-epidermis.
• Isendlalelo sangaphakathi ngaphansi kwesikhumba (ungqimba olungaphansi kwesikhumba) siqukethe izindlala zomjuluko, ezinye izintambo zezinwele, imithambo yegazi, namafutha.

Isendlalelo ngasinye siqukethe nezicubu ezihlanganayo ezinemicu ye-collagen ukunikeza ukwesekwa kanye nemicu ye-elastin yokunikeza ukuguquguquka namandla.

Izinguquko zesikhumba zihlobene nezinto zemvelo, ukwakheka kofuzo, ukondleka, nezinye izinto. Isici esisodwa esikhulu kunazo zonke, ukuchayeka elangeni. Lokhu ungakubona ngokuqhathanisa izindawo zomzimba wakho ezivuleleka elangeni njalo nezindawo ezivikelekile elangeni.

Izingulube zemvelo zibonakala zivikela ekulimaleni kwesikhumba okubangelwa yilanga. Abantu abanamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, abanebala elikhanyayo babonisa izinguquko zesikhumba esiguga kakhulu kunabantu abanesikhumba esimnyama, esinombala omkhulu.

IZINGUQUKO EZIKHULU

Ngokuguga, ungqimba lwesikhumba olungaphandle (i-epidermis) luyancipha, noma ngabe inani lezendlalelo zamaseli lihlala lingashintshiwe.

Inani lamaseli ane-pigment (ama-melanocytes) ayancipha. Ama-melanocyte asele akhula ngosayizi. Isikhumba esigugile sibukeka sizacile, sikhanya kancane, futhi sicacile (siyaguquguquka). Amabala anemibala afaka amabala weminyaka noma "amabala wesibindi" angavela ezindaweni ezivezwe yilanga. Igama lezokwelapha lalezi zindawo ngama-lentigos.

Izinguquko ezicutshini ezixhuma zinciphisa amandla nokuqina kwesikhumba. Lokhu kwaziwa njenge-elastosis. Kubonakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezivezwa yilanga (elastosis yelanga). I-Elastosis ikhiqiza ukubukeka kwesikhumba, ukushaywa sezulu okuvamile kubalimi, amatilosi, nakwabanye abachitha isikhathi esiningi ngaphandle.

Imithambo yegazi yedermis iba ntekenteke ngokwengeziwe. Lokhu kuholela ekulimaleni, ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba (okuvame ukubizwa nge-senile purpura), i-cherry angiomas, nezimo ezifanayo.

Izindlala zeSebaceous zikhiqiza uwoyela omncane njengoba ukhula. Abesilisa bathola ukwehla okuncane, imvamisa kakhulu ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-80. Abesifazane bakhiqiza kancane uwoyela omncane ngemuva kokuya esikhathini. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukugcina isikhumba simanzi, okuholela ekomeni nasekunciphiseni.

Isendlalelo samafutha esingaphansi kwesikhumba sincipha ngakho-ke sinokufakwa okuncane nokugoqeka. Lokhu kwandisa ubungozi bokulimala kwesikhumba futhi kunciphise ikhono lakho lokugcina izinga lokushisa komzimba. Ngoba une-insulation yemvelo encane, ungathola i-hypothermia lapho kubanda.

Eminye imithi ithathwa ungqimba lwamafutha. Ukuncipha kwalolu ungqimba kungashintsha indlela esebenza ngayo le mithi.

Izindlala zomjuluko zikhiqiza umjuluko omncane. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuhlala upholile. Ingozi yakho yokushisa ngokweqile noma yokuthuthukisa ukushisa kokushisa iyanda.

Ukukhula okufana namathegi esikhumba, izinsumpa, amabala ansundu ansundu (ama-seborrheic keratoses), nezinye izisihla kuvame kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile. Okunye futhi okuvame ukuba nezimagqabhagqabha ezibomvana (i-actinic keratosis) enamathuba amancane okuba ngumdlavuza wesikhumba.

UMPHUMELA WOKUGUQUKA

Njengoba ukhula, usengozini enkulu yokulimala kwesikhumba. Isikhumba sakho sizacile, sibuthakathaka kakhudlwana, futhi ulahlekelwa olunye ungqimba lwamafutha oluvikelayo. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ungakwazi ukuqonda ukuthinta, ingcindezi, ukudlidliza, ukushisa nokubanda.

Ukuhlikihla noma ukudonsa esikhunjeni kungadala izinyembezi zesikhumba. Imithambo yegazi ethambile ingaqhekeka kalula. Imivimbo, ukuqoqwa okuyisicaba kwegazi (i-purpura), kanye namaqoqo aphakanyisiwe egazi (ama-hematomas) angakha ngemuva kokulimala okuncane.

Izilonda zengcindezi zingadalwa ukushintsha kwesikhumba, ukulahleka kongqimba lwamafutha, ukunciphisa umsebenzi, ukungondleki kahle nokugula. Izilonda zibonakala kalula engxenyeni engaphandle yezingalo, kodwa zingenzeka noma kuphi emzimbeni.

Isikhumba esiguga sizilungisa kancane kancane kunesikhumba esincane. Ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda kungahle kufike izikhathi ezi-4 kancane. Lokhu kufaka isandla ekucindezelweni izilonda kanye nokutheleleka. Isifo sikashukela, ukuguquka kwesitsha segazi, ukwehlisa amasosha omzimba, nezinye izinto nakho kuthinta ukwelashwa.

IZINKINGA EZIVAMILE

Ukuphazamiseka kwesikhumba kuvame kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile kangangokuba kuvame ukuba nzima ukusho ushintsho olujwayelekile kulabo abahlobene nesifo esithile. Ngaphezu kwabantu abangama-90% asebekhulile banohlobo oluthile lokuphazamiseka kwesikhumba.

Ukuphazamiseka kwesikhumba kungadalwa yizimo eziningi, kufaka phakathi:

• Izifo zemithambo yegazi, njenge-arteriosclerosis
• Isifo sikashukela
• Isifo senhliziyo
• Isifo sesibindi
• Ukushoda kokudla okunempilo
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• Ukusabela emithini
• Ukucindezeleka

Ezinye izimbangela zokushintsha kwesikhumba:

• Ukungezwani komzimba nezitshalo nezinye izinto
• Isimo sezulu
• Izembatho
• Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali asezimbonini nasendlini
• Ukushisa kwangaphakathi

Ukukhanya kwelanga kungadala:

• Ukulahleka kokuqina (i-elastosis)
• Iziqu zesikhumba ezingadli umdlavuza (i-keratoacanthomas)
• Izinguquko zesikhumba ezifana nezindawo zesibindi
• Ukuqina kwesikhumba

Ukuchayeka elangeni kuye kwaxhunyaniswa ngqo nomdlavuza wesikhumba, kufaka phakathi umdlavuza we-basal cell, squamous cell carcinoma, ne-melanoma.

UKUVIMBELA

Ngenxa yokuthi izinguquko eziningi zesikhumba zihlobene nokuchayeka elangeni, ukuvimbela kuyinqubo yokuphila konke.

• Vikela ukushiswa yilanga uma kungenzeka.
• Sebenzisa i-sunscreen esezingeni elihle uma ungaphandle, ngisho nasebusika.
• Gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela nesigqoko lapho kudingeka.

Ukudla okunomsoco noketshezi olwanele nakho kuyasiza. Ukwehla kwamanzi emzimbeni kwandisa ingozi yokulimala kwesikhumba. Kwesinye isikhathi ukungabi namsoco okuncane kungadala ukuqubuka, izilonda zesikhumba, kanye nezinye izinguquko zesikhumba, noma ungenazo ezinye izimpawu.

Gcina isikhumba siswakeme ngamafutha nezinye izinto zokuthambisa. Ungasebenzisi izinsipho ezinamakha kakhulu. Amafutha okugeza awanconywa ngoba angadala ukuthi ushelele futhi uwe. Isikhumba esimanzi sikhululeke ngokwengeziwe futhi sizophola ngokushesha okukhulu.

IZIHLOKO EZIHLOBENE

• Izinguquko zokuguga kokuma komzimba
• Izinguquko zokuguga ezinweleni nasezipikili
• Izinguquko zokuguga ekukhiqizeni ama-hormone
• Izinguquko zokuguga ezithweni, kwizicubu nasemangqamuzaneni
• Izinguquko zokuguga emathanjeni, emisipheni nasemalungeni
• Izinguquko zokuguga esifubeni
• Izinguquko zokuguga ebusweni
• Izinguquko zokuguga ezinzwa

Imibimbi - izinguquko zokuguga; Ukuncipha kwesikhumba

• Izinguquko ebusweni ngeminyaka

UTobin DJ, uVeysey EC, uFinlay AY. Ukuguga nesikhumba. Ku: Gcwalisa i-HM, i-Rockwood K, i-Young J, ama-eds. Incwadi kaBrocklehurst ye-Geriatric Medicine ne-Gerontology. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2017: isahluko 25.

UWalston JD. I-sequelae ejwayelekile yomtholampilo yokuguga. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 22.