Umdlavuza weParathyroid

Umdlavuza we-Parathyroid ukukhula komdlavuza (okulimazayo) endleni ye-parathyroid.

Izindlala ze-parathyroid zilawula izinga le-calcium emzimbeni. Kunezindlala ezi-4 ezi-parathyroid, ezi-2 ngaphezulu kwendwangu ngayinye yegilo yegilo, etholakala ezansi kwentamo.

Umdlavuza weParathyroid wuhlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile kakhulu. Ithinta abesilisa nabesifazane ngokulinganayo. Umdlavuza uvame ukuvela kubantu abadala kuneminyaka engama-30.

Ayaziwa imbangela yomdlavuza we-parathyroid. Abantu abanezimo zofuzo ezibizwa nge-endocrine neoplasia type I kanye ne-hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome basengozini enkulu yalesi sifo. Abantu abanemisebe yekhanda noma yentamo nabo bangaba sengozini eyengeziwe. Kodwa lolu hlobo lwemisebe kungenzeka lubangele umdlavuza wegilo.

Izimpawu zomdlavuza we-parathyroid zidalwa kakhulu yizinga eliphakeme le-calcium egazini (hypercalcemia), futhi lingahle lithinte izingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba.

Izimpawu zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu bamathambo
• Ukuqunjelwa
• Ukukhathala
• Izintanda
• Ukoma njalo
• Ukuchama njalo
• Amatshe ezinso
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukudla okungekuhle

Umdlavuza weParathyroid kunzima ukuwuthola.

Udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba futhi abuze ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha.

Cishe uhhafu wesikhathi, umhlinzeki uthola umdlavuza we-parathyroid ngokuzwa intamo ngezandla (ukushaya ngamandla).

Isimila somdlavuza onomdlavuza sivame ukukhiqiza inani eliphezulu kakhulu le-hormone ye-parathyroid (PTH). Ukuhlolwa kwale hormone kungafaka:

• I-calcium yegazi
• Igazi PTH

Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, uzoba neskena esikhethekile semisebe yezindlala ze-parathyroid. Iskena sibizwa ngokuthi yi-sestamibi scan. Ungase futhi ube ne-ultrasound yentamo. Lezi zivivinyo zenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iyiphi indlala ye-parathyroid engajwayelekile.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezilandelayo zingasetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-hypercalcemia ngenxa yomdlavuza we-parathyroid:

• Uketshezi ngomthambo (uketshezi IV)
• I-hormone yemvelo ebizwa nge-calcitonin esiza ukulawula izinga le-calcium
• Izidakamizwa ezivimba ukuwohloka nokubuyiselwa kwamathambo emzimbeni

Ukuhlinzwa ukwelashwa okunconywayo komdlavuza we-parathyroid. Kwesinye isikhathi, kunzima ukuthola ukuthi ngabe isimila esine-parathyroid sinomdlavuza yini. Udokotela wakho angancoma ukuhlinzwa ngaphandle kokuxilongwa okuqinisekisiwe. Ukuhlinzwa okuhlasela kancane, kusetshenziswa ukusikeka okuncane, kuya kujwayeleka kakhulu kwisifo se-parathyroid.

Uma ukuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kungathola i-gland ethintekile, ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa kolunye uhlangothi lwentamo. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuthola i-gland yenkinga ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, udokotela ohlinzayo uzobheka izinhlangothi zombili zentamo yakho.

I-Chemotherapy ne-radiation akusebenzi kahle ukuvimbela umdlavuza ukuthi ungabuyi. Imisebe ingasiza ekunciphiseni ukusabalala komdlavuza emathanjeni.

Ukuhlinzwa okuphindiwe komdlavuza obuyile kungasiza:

• Thuthukisa izinga lokusinda
• Nciphisa imiphumela emibi ye-hypercalcemia

Umdlavuza weParathyroid ukhula kancane. Ukuhlinzwa kungasiza ukwandisa impilo ngisho noma umdlavuza usakazeka.

Umdlavuza ungasabalala (metastasize) uye kwezinye izindawo emzimbeni, imvamisa amaphaphu namathambo.

I-Hypercalcemia yinkinga ebucayi kakhulu. Iningi lokufa komdlavuza we-parathyroid kwenzeka ngenxa ye-hypercalcemia enzima, enzima ukulawula, hhayi umdlavuza uqobo.

Umdlavuza uvame ukubuya (uphinde ubuye). Ukuhlinzwa okwengeziwe kungadingeka. Izinkinga ezivela ekuhlinzeni zingabandakanya:

• Ukuduma noma ukushintsha kwezwi ngenxa yokulimala kwemizwa elawula imisipha yezwi
• Ukutheleleka endaweni yokuhlinzwa
• Izinga eliphansi le-calcium egazini (i-hypocalcemia), isimo esingasongela impilo
• Kubabaza

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma uzizwa unesigaxa entanyeni yakho noma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ze-hypercalcemia.

I-Parathyroid carcinoma

• Nezindlala Parathyroid

UAsban A, uPatel AJ, uReddy S, uWang T, uBalentine CJ, uKen H. Umdlavuza wohlelo lwe-endocrine. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, abahleli. I-Abeloff’s Clinical Oncology. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 68.

UFletcher CDM. Izimila zegilo kanye nezindlala ze-parathyroid. Ku: Fletcher CDM, ed. Ukuxilongwa kwe-Histopathology of Tumors. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 18.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza weParathyroid (PDQ) - inguqulo yezobuchwepheshe yezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/parathyroid/hp/parathyroid-ukwelapha-pdq. Kubuyekezwe ngoMashi 17, 2017. Kufinyelelwe ngoFebhuwari 11, 2020.

I-Torresan F ne-J Iacobone M. Izici zomtholampilo, ukwelashwa nokubhekwa kwe-hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome: Ukubuyekezwa okusha kwezincwadi. I-Int J Endocrinol 2019. Ishicilelwe ku-inthanethi ngo-Dec 18, 2019. www.hindawi.com/journals/ije/2019/1761030/.