Ushukela wegazi ophansi - izingane ezisanda kuzalwa

Izinga likashukela egazini eliphansi ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa libizwa nangokuthi i-neonatal hypoglycemia. Kushiwo ushukela wegazi ophansi (i-glucose) ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemuva kokuzalwa.

Izingane zidinga ushukela wegazi (i-glucose) ukuze zithole amandla. Iningi lalo glucose lisetshenziswa ubuchopho.

Ingane ithola i-glucose kumama nge-placenta ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, ingane ithola ushukela kumama ngobisi lwayo, noma kwifomula. Ingane nayo ingakhiqiza i-glucose ethile esibindi.

Izinga le-glucose lingehla uma:

• Kukhona i-insulin eningi egazini. I-insulini yihomoni edonsa ushukela egazini.
• Ingane ayikwazi ukukhiqiza i-glucose eyanele.
• Umzimba wengane usebenzisa i-glucose eningi kunaleyo ekhiqizwayo.
• Ingane ayikwazi ukuphuza ushukela owanele ngokondla.

I-Neonatal hypoglycemia yenzeka lapho izinga le-glucose yengane esanda kuzalwa lidala izimpawu noma lingaphansi kwebanga elibhekwa njengeliphephile eminyakeni yobudala yengane. Kwenzeka cishe ku-1 kuye ku-3 kokuzalwa konke okungu-1000.

Izinga likashukela egazini eliphansi kungenzeka kakhulu ezinganeni ezinesici esisodwa noma eziningi zengozi:

• Uzalwe kusenesikhathi, unesifo esibi, noma udinga umoya-mpilo ngemuva nje kokubeletha
• Umama unesifo sikashukela (lezi zingane zivame ukuba zinkulu kunokujwayelekile)
• Ukukhula kancane kunokulindelekile esibelethweni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• Incane noma ikhudlwana ngosayizi kulindelwe iminyaka yabo yokukhulelwa

Izinsana ezinoshukela wegazi ophansi kungenzeka zingabi nazimpawu. Uma ingane yakho inesinye sezici zobungozi beshukela eliphansi egazini, abahlengikazi esibhedlela bazohlola izinga likashukela wengane yakho, noma ngabe azikho izimpawu.

Futhi, izinga likashukela egazini livame ukubhekelwa izingane ezinalezi zimpawu:

• Umbala o-Bluish noma okhanyayo
• Izinkinga zokuphefumula, njengokuma kancane ekuphefumuleni (i-apnea), ukuphefumula okusheshayo, noma umsindo wokukhononda
• Ukuthukuthela noma ukungabi nalutho
• Izicubu ezixekethile noma ze-floppy
• Ukungondli kahle noma ukuhlanza
• Izinkinga zokugcina umzimba ufudumele
• Ukudlidlizela, ukuqhaqhazela, ukujuluka, noma ukuquleka

Izinsana ezisengozini ye-hypoglycemia kufanele zihlolwe igazi ukukala izinga likashukela egazini njalo ngemuva kokuzalwa. Lokhu kuzokwenziwa kusetshenziswa induku yesithende. Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo kufanele aqhubeke nokuthatha ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuze kube yilapho izinga le-glucose yengane lihlala lijwayelekile cishe ngamahora ayi-12 kuye kwangama-24.

Olunye uvivinyo olungenzeka lubandakanya ukuhlolwa kokuzalwa kwezinsana kokuphazamiseka komzimba, njengokuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo.

Izinsana ezineshukela eliphansi legazi zizodinga ukuthola ukondliwa okwengeziwe ngobisi lomama noma ifomula. Izingane ezinceliswa ibele zingadinga ukuthola ifomula eyengeziwe uma umama engakwazi ukukhiqiza ubisi olwanele. (Ukubonisa ngesandla nokubhucunga umzimba kungasiza omama ukuveza ubisi oluningi.) Kwesinye isikhathi ijeli likashukela linganikezwa ngomlomo okwesikhashana uma lungekho ubisi olwanele.

Usana lungadinga isixazululo sikashukela esinikezwa ngomthambo (ngemithambo) uma singakwazi ukudla ngomlomo, noma uma izinga likashukela egazini liphansi kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa kuzoqhubeka kuze kube yilapho ingane ikwazi ukugcina izinga likashukela egazini. Lokhu kungathatha amahora noma izinsuku. Izinsana ezizalwe kusenesikhathi, zinokutheleleka, noma zizalwe ngesisindo esincane zingadinga ukwelashwa isikhathi eside.

Uma ushukela ophansi wegazi uqhubeka, ezimweni ezingavamile, ingane ingathola nemithi yokwengeza izinga likashukela egazini. Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ezine-hypoglycemia enamandla kakhulu ezingathuthuki ngokwelashwa zingadinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe ingxenye yamanyikwe (ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin).

Umbono muhle ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa ezingenazo izimpawu, noma eziphendula kahle ekwelashweni. Kodwa-ke, izinga eliphansi likashukela egazini lingabuya ngenani elincane lezinsana ngemuva kokwelashwa.

Isimo kungenzeka ukuthi sibuye lapho izingane zikhishwa uketshezi olunikezwa ngomthambo ngaphambi kokuba zikulungele ngokuphelele ukudla ngomlomo.

Izingane ezinezimpawu ezinzima zingase zibe nezinkinga zokufunda. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ezinganeni ezinesisindo esiphansi kunesilinganiso noma umama wazo onesifo sikashukela.

Izinga likashukela eliphansi elinamandla noma eliqhubekayo lingathinta ukusebenza kwengqondo kwengane. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo noma ukuquleka kungenzeka. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinkinga zingabangelwa nayimbangela eyisisekelo kashukela ophansi wegazi, kunokuba kube ngumphumela kashukela osezingeni eliphansi uqobo.

Uma unesifo sikashukela ngesikhathi ukhulelwe, sebenzisana nomhlinzeki wakho ukulawula izinga likashukela egazini. Qiniseka ukuthi izinga likashukela wengane yakho elisanda kuzalwa lihlolwe ngemuva kokuzalwa.

Neonatal hypoglycemia

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UGarg M, Devaskar SU. Ukuphazamiseka kwemetabolism ye-carbohydrate ku-neonate. Ku: Martin RM, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC, ama-eds. UFanaroff kanye neMithi kaMartin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2020: isahluko 86.

I-Sperling MA. I-Hypoglycemia. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 111.