Ukuskena kwe-Heart CT

I-computed tomography (CT) scan yenhliziyo iyindlela yokuthwebula esebenzisa i-x-ray ukwenza izithombe eziningiliziwe zenhliziyo nemithambo yayo yegazi.

• Lokhu kuhlolwa kubizwa ngokuthi yi-coronary calcium scan lapho kwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuthi une-calcium eningi yini emithanjeni yenhliziyo yakho.
• Ibizwa nge-CT angiography uma kwenziwa ukubheka imithambo eletha igazi enhliziyweni yakho. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlola ukuthi kukhona ukuncipha noma ukuvinjelwa kuleyo mithambo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwesinye isikhathi kwenziwa ngokuhlangana nezikena ze-aorta noma imithambo yamaphaphu ukubheka izinkinga ngalezo zakhiwo.

Uzocelwa ukuba ulale etafuleni elincane elingena phakathi kwesithwebuli se-CT.

• Uzolala ngomhlane ikhanda lakho nezinyawo kungaphandle kwesithwebuli ngakunye.
• Amachashazi amancane, abizwa ngama-electrode abekwa esifubeni sakho futhi axhunywe emshinini orekhoda umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo yakho. Unganikezwa umuthi wokubambezela ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho.
• Uma usungaphakathi kwesithwebuli, ugongolo lomshini lwe-x-ray luzungeza eduze kwakho.

Ikhompyutha idala izithombe ezihlukene zendawo yomzimba, ezibizwa ngokuthi izingcezu.

• Lezi zithombe zingagcinwa, zibukwe kumonitha, noma ziphrintwe kwifilimu.
• Izinhlobo ze-3D (ezintathu-ntathu) zenhliziyo zingadalwa.

Kufanele uthule ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ngoba ukunyakaza kubangela izithombe ezifiphalisiwe. Ungatshelwa ukuthi ubambe umoya wakho isikhathi esifushane.

Ukuskena konke kufanele kuthathe kuphela imizuzu eyi-10.

Izivivinyo ezithile zidinga udayi okhethekile, obizwa ngokuqhathanisa, ukulethwa emzimbeni ngaphambi kokuqala kokuhlolwa. Umehluko usiza izindawo ezithile ukuthi zibonakale kangcono kuma-x-ray.

• Umehluko unganikezwa ngomthambo (IV) osesandleni sakho noma engalweni. Uma kusetshenziswa umehluko, ungacelwa futhi ukuthi ungadli noma uphuze noma yini amahora amane kuya kwayisithupha ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Ngaphambi kokuthola umehluko:

• Yazisa umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma ngabe uke waba nokusabela kokungafani noma kwemiphi imithi. Ungadinga ukuthatha imithi ngaphambi kokuhlolwa ukuze uthole le nto ngokuphepha.
• Tshela umhlinzeki wakho ngayo yonke imithi yakho, ngoba ungacelwa ukuthi ubambe eminye, njenge-metformin yemithi yesifo sikashukela, ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.
• Yazisa umhlinzeki wakho uma unezinkinga zezinso. Izinto ezihlukile zingadala ukuthi ukusebenza kwezinso kube kubi kakhulu.

Uma unesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angama-135 (135 kilograms), thola ukuthi umshini we-CT unomkhawulo wesisindo. Isisindo esiningi kakhulu singadala umonakalo ezingxenyeni zokusebenza zesithwebuli.

Uzocelwa ukuthi ususe ubucwebe futhi ugqoke ingubo yasesibhedlela ngesikhathi kufundwa.

Abanye abantu bangase bangakhululeki ngokulala etafuleni eliqinile.

Umehluko onikezwe nge-IV ungadala:

• Ukuzwa okushisa kancane
• Ukunambitheka kwensimbi emlonyeni
• Ukushiswa komzimba okufudumele

Le mizwa ijwayelekile futhi imane ihambe ngemizuzwana embalwa.

I-CT yakha ngokushesha izithombe ezinemininingwane yenhliziyo nemithambo yayo. Isivivinyo singahlola noma sithole:

• Ukwakhiwa kweplaque emithanjeni ye-coronary ukunquma ubungozi besifo senhliziyo
• Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso (izinkinga zenhliziyo ezikhona lapho kuzalwa)
• Izinkinga ngama-valve enhliziyo
• Ukuvaleka kwemithambo ehambisa inhliziyo
• Izimila noma uquqaba lwenhliziyo
• Umsebenzi wokumpompa kwenhliziyo

Imiphumela ibhekwa njengejwayelekile uma inhliziyo nemithambo ehlolwayo ibukeka ngendlela ejwayelekile.

"I-calcium score" yakho isuselwa enanini le-calcium etholakala emithanjeni yenhliziyo yakho.

• Ukuhlolwa kujwayelekile (okungekuhle) uma isilinganiso sakho se-calcium singu-0. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ithuba lokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo eminyakeni embalwa ezayo liphansi kakhulu.
• Uma isilinganiso se-calcium siphansi kakhulu, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ube nesifo semithambo yegazi.

Imiphumela engajwayelekile ingabangelwa:

• I-Aneurysm
• Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso
• Isifo semithambo yegazi
• Izinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo
• Ukuvuvukala kokumboza okuzungeze inhliziyo (i-pericarditis)
• Ukuncipha komunye noma ngaphezulu kwemithambo yenhliziyo (i-coronary artery stenosis)
• Izimila noma ezinye izindimbane zenhliziyo noma izindawo ezizungezile

Uma isilinganiso sakho se-calcium siphezulu:

• Kusho ukuthi une-calcium buildup ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi yakho. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuyisibonakaliso se-atherosclerosis, noma ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi.
• Ukuphakama kwesikolo sakho, kungaba nzima kakhulu le nkinga.
• Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nezinguquko zokuphila ongazenza ukunciphisa ubungozi besifo senhliziyo.

Izingozi zokuhlolwa kwe-CT zifaka:

• Ukuvezwa yimisebe
• Ukusabela okweqile ekuqhathaniseni udayi

Ukuskena kwe-CT kukuvezela imisebe engaphezulu kwama-x-ray avamile. Ukuba nama-x-ray amaningi noma ama-CT scan ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungakhuphula ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza. Noma kunjalo, ingozi evela kunoma yikuphi ukuskena okukodwa incane. Wena nomhlinzeki wakho kufanele nilinganise le ngozi ngezinzuzo zokuthola ukuxilongwa okulungile kwenkinga yezokwelapha.

Abanye abantu banokungezwani komzimba nokuqhathanisa udayi. Yazisa umhlinzeki wakho uma ngabe uke waba nokungezwani komzimba nodayi wokuqhathanisa ojojowe.

• Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokungafani olunikezwe emthanjeni luqukethe iodine. Uma umuntu one-iodine yokungezwani komzimba anikezwe lolu hlobo lokuqhathanisa, isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza, ukuthimula, ukulunywa, noma isifuba kungenzeka.
• Uma kufanele unikezwe umehluko onjalo, kungadingeka ukuthi uthathe ama-steroids (njenge-prednisone) noma ama-antihistamine (njenge-diphenhydramine) ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Ungadinga futhi ukuthatha i-histamine blocker (efana ne-ranitidine).
• Izinso zisiza ukususa i-iodine emzimbeni. Labo abanesifo sezinso noma isifo sikashukela kungadingeka bathole uketshezi oluthe xaxa ngemuva kokuhlolwa ukusiza ukukhipha iodine emzimbeni.

Imvamisa, idayi ingadala ukusabela okweqile okusongela impilo okubizwa nge-anaphylaxis. Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, kufanele wazise opharetha besithwebuli ngokushesha. Ama-scanner eza ne-intercom nezipikha, ngakho-ke opharetha angakuzwa ngaso sonke isikhathi.

I-CAT scan - inhliziyo; Iskena sekhompiyutha ye-axial tomography - inhliziyo; Iskena se-computed tomography - inhliziyo; Ukushaya kwe-calcium; I-Multi-detector CT scan - inhliziyo; I-electron beam computed tomography - inhliziyo; Isikolo se-Agatston; Iskena seCoronary calcium

• Iskena se-CT

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UDoherty JU, uKort S, uMehran R, et al. I-ACC / AATS / AHA / ASE / ASNC / HRS / SCAI / SCCT / SCMR / STS 2019 izindlela ezifanele zokusetshenziswa kwemifanekiso ye-multimodality ekuhlolweni kwesakhiwo senhliziyo nokusebenza kwezifo zenhliziyo ezingavumelekile: umbiko we-American College of Cardiology Imigomo Yokusebenzisa efanelekile I-Task Force, i-American Association for Thoracic Surgery, i-American Heart Association, i-American Society of Echocardiography, i-American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, i-Heart Rhythm Society, i-Society for Cardiovascular Angiography kanye ne-Intervention, i-Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, i-Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, ne-Society of Abahlinzayo be-Thoracic. UJ Am Coll Cardiol. 2019; 73 (4): 488-516. I-PMID: 30630640 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30630640.

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