Ukuhlolwa kwezempilo kwabesilisa abaneminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengama-64

Kufanele uvakashele umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo njalo, noma ngabe uzizwa uphilile. Inhloso yalokhu kuvakasha uku:

• Isikrini sezinkinga zezokwelapha
• Hlola ubungozi bakho ezinkingeni zezokwelapha zesikhathi esizayo
• Khuthaza indlela yokuphila enempilo
• Buyekeza imigomo
• Kukusiza ukuthi wazi umhlinzeki wakho uma kwenzeka ukugula

Noma uzizwa ukahle, kusamele ubone umhlinzeki wakho ukuze ahlolwe njalo. Lokhu kuvakasha kungakusiza ugweme izinkinga ngokuzayo. Isibonelo, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuthola ukuthi une-high blood pressure yini ukuthi ihlolwe njalo. Ushukela wegazi ophakeme kanye nezinga eliphakeme le-cholesterol nakho kungenzeka kungabi nazimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula kungabheka lezi zimo.

Kunezikhathi ezithile lapho kufanele ubone umhlinzeki wakho. Ngezansi imihlahlandlela yokuhlola yamadoda aneminyaka engama-40 kuye kwengama-64.

UKUGCINWA KWEGAZI

• Yenza ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi yakho okungenani kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili. Uma inombolo ephezulu (i-systolic number) isuka ku-120 kuye ku-139 mm Hg, noma inombolo engezansi (inombolo ye-diastolic) isuka ku-80 kuye ku-89 mm Hg, kufanele uyihlole minyaka yonke.
• Uma inombolo ephezulu ingu-130 noma ngaphezulu noma inombolo engezansi ingama-80 noma ngaphezulu, hlela i-aphoyintimenti nomhlinzeki wakho ukuze ufunde ukuthi unganciphisa kanjani umfutho wegazi.
• Uma unesifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, izinkinga zezinso, noma ezinye izimo ezithile, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlolwe umfutho wegazi lakho kaningi, kepha okungenani kanye ngonyaka.
• Buka ukuhlolwa kwegazi endaweni yakho. Buza umhlinzeki wakho ukuthi ungangena yini ukuze kuhlolwe umfutho wegazi.

UKUVALWA KWE-CHOLESTEROL NOKUVIMBELA ISIFO SENHLIZIYO

• Kunconywe ukuqala kweminyaka yokuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol yiminyaka engama-35 yamadoda angenazo izinto eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo.
• Uma ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol sekuqalile, i-cholesterol yakho kufanele ihlolwe njalo eminyakeni emihlanu.
• Phinda ukuhlolwa ngokushesha kunokudingekayo uma izinguquko zenzeka kwindlela yokuphila (kufaka phakathi ukuzuza kwesisindo nokudla).
• Uma unezinga eliphakeme le-cholesterol, isifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, izinkinga zezinso, noma ezinye izimo ezithile, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlolwe kaningi.

UKUHLELWA KOMDLAVUZA WEKHOLARI

Uma ungaphansi kweminyaka engama-50, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa. Kufanele uhlolwe uma unomlando oqinile womndeni womdlavuza wekoloni noma ama-polyps. Ukuhlola kungabuye kubhekwe uma unezinto ezinobungozi ezifana nomlando wesifo samathumbu esivuthayo noma ama-polyps.

Uma uneminyaka yobudala engama-50 kuya kwengama-75, kufanele uhlolwe umdlavuza omnyama. Kunezivivinyo eziningi zokuhlola ezitholakalayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi lokungcola (okususelwe esitokisini) okwenziwa minyaka yonke
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-fecal immunochemical (FIT) minyaka yonke
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-stool DNA njalo eminyakeni emithathu
• I-sigmoidoscopy eguquguqukayo njalo eminyakeni engu-5
• I-enema ye-barium ehluke kabili njalo eminyakeni emihlanu
• I-CT colonography (i-colonoscopy ebonakalayo) njalo eminyakeni engu-5
• Colonoscopy njalo eminyakeni eyi-10

Ungadinga i-colonoscopy kaningi uma unezinto ezinobungozi zomdlavuza obala, njenge:

• I-ulcerative colitis
• Umlando womuntu siqu noma womndeni womdlavuza obala
• Umlando wokukhula okuthiwa ama-polyp adenomatous

ISIVIVINYO SAMazinyo

• Iya kudokotela wamazinyo kanye noma kabili ngonyaka ukuze uhlolwe futhi uhlanzwe. Udokotela wamazinyo uzohlola uma unesidingo sokuvakashelwa kaningi.
  

UKUKHULULEKA KAShukela

• Uma ungaphezu kweminyaka yobudala engama-44, kufanele uhlolwe njalo eminyakeni emithathu.
• Ukuba ne-BMI engaphezu kwama-25 kusho ukuthi ukhuluphele ngokweqile. Uma ukhuluphele ngokweqile, cela umhlinzeki wakho ukuthi kufanele ahlolwe esemncane yini. Abantu base-Asia baseMelika kufanele bahlolwe uma i-BMI yabo ingaphezu kuka-23.
• Uma umfutho wegazi lakho ungaphezulu kuka-130/80 mm Hg, noma unezinye izinto ezinobungozi besifo sikashukela, umhlinzeki wakho angahlola izinga likashukela egazini likashukela.

ISIVIVINYO SESO

• Yiba nokuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo eminyakeni emi-2 kuya kwengu-4 eneminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengama-54 kanye nayo yonke iminyaka engu-1 kuya kwengu-3 eneminyaka engama-55 kuya kwengama-64. Umhlinzeki wakho angancoma izivivinyo zamehlo kaningi uma unezinkinga zombono noma ubungozi be-glaucoma.
• Yenza ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okungenani njalo ngonyaka uma unesifo sikashukela.

UKUGONYA

• Kufanele uthole umkhuhlane njalo ngonyaka.
• Buza umhlinzeki wakho uma kufanele uthole umuthi wokugoma ukunciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka nge-pneumococcal (kubangela uhlobo lwe-pneumonia).
• Kufanele ube nomuthi wokugoma i-tetanus-diphtheria kanye ne-acellular pertussis (Tap) kanye njengengxenye yemithi yakho yokugomela i-tetanus-diphtheria uma ungazange uyithole phambilini usemusha. Kufanele ube ne-tetanus-diphtheria booster njalo eminyakeni eyi-10.
• Ungathola ukugonywa kwe-shingles noma i-herpes zoster noma ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50.
• Umhlinzeki wakho angancoma eminye imigomo uma usengozini enkulu yezimo ezithile.

UKUKHULULELA ISIFO ESITHILE

• I-US Preventive Services Task Force itusa ukuhlolwa kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo C.
• Ngokuya ngempilo yakho nomlando wakho wezokwelapha, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlolwe izifo ezinjenge-syphilis, i-chlamydia, ne-HIV, kanye nezinye izifo.

UKUHLAWULWA KOMDLAVUZA WAMLUNGU

Kufanele ube nokuhlolwa minyaka yonke komdlavuza wamaphaphu nge-low-computed tomography (LDCT) yedosi uma:

• Uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-55 KANYE
• Unomlando wokubhema oneminyaka engama-30 KANYE
• Njengamanje uyabhema noma uyekile eminyakeni eyi-15 edlule

UKUQHAWULWA KWE-OSTEOPOROSIS

• Uma uneminyaka yobudala engama-50 kuya kwengama-70 futhi unezici zobungozi be-osteoporosis, kufanele uxoxe ngokuhlolwa nomhlinzeki wakho.
• Izici zobungozi zingafaka ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwe-steroid, isisindo somzimba esiphansi, ukubhema, ukusetshenziswa kotshwala obunzima, ukuphuka ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-50, noma umlando womndeni we-osteoporosis.

ISIVIVINYO SOMZIMBA

• Umfutho wegazi lakho kufanele uhlolwe okungenani njalo ngonyaka.
• Umhlinzeki wakho angancoma ukuthi uhlole i-cholesterol yakho njalo eminyakeni engu-5 uma unezinto ezinobungozi besifo senhliziyo.
  
• Ukuphakama kwakho, isisindo sakho, kanye nenkomba yakho yomzimba (BMI) kufanele ihlolwe kuzo zonke izivivinyo.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwakho, umhlinzeki wakho angakubuza mayelana:

• Ukucindezeleka
• Ukudla nokuvivinya umzimba
• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala nogwayi
• Ukuphepha, njengokusebenzisa amabhande esihlalo kanye nemitshina yokubhema

UKUHLOLWA KOMDLAZI WESIFUNDA

Uma uneminyaka engama-55 kuya kwengama-69 ubudala, ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nobuhle nobubi bokuba nokuhlolwa kwe-PSA. Buza mayelana:

• Ukuthi ukuhlolwa kunciphisa amathuba akho okubulawa ngumdlavuza wendlala yesinye.
  
• Noma ngabe kukhona yini ukulimala ekuhlolweni komdlavuza wesinye, njengemiphumela emibi evela ekuhlolweni noma ekwelashweni komdlavuza lapho kutholakala.
  
• Ukuthi unengozi enkulu yomdlavuza wesinye kunabanye.

Uma uneminyaka yobudala engama-55 noma ngaphansi, ukuhlolwa kwesincomo akuvame ukunconywa. Kufanele ukhulume nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokuthi unengozi enkulu yomdlavuza wesinye. Izici zobungozi zifaka:

• Ukuba nomlando womndeni wesifo somdlavuza wesibeletho (ikakhulukazi umzalwane noma ubaba)
  
• Ukuba yi-African American
• Uma ukhetha ukuhlolwa, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-PSA kuyaphindwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (minyaka yonke noma ngaphansi kaningi), noma imvamisa engcono kakhulu ingaziwa.
  
• Ukuhlolwa kwendlala yesinye akusenziwa njalo emadodeni angenazimpawu.

ISIVIVINYO SESIKhumba

• Umhlinzeki wakho angahlola isikhumba sakho ukuthola izimpawu zomdlavuza wesikhumba, ikakhulukazi uma usengozini enkulu. Abantu abasengozini enkulu bahlanganisa labo abake baba nomdlavuza wesikhumba phambilini, banezihlobo eziseduze ezinomdlavuza wesikhumba, noma abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka.
  

ISIVIVINYO SOKUHLOLA

• I-US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) manje incoma ukungazenzi izivivinyo zamasende. Ukwenza izivivinyo zamasende kukhonjiswe ukuthi akunanzuzo kangako.

Ukuvakashelwa kwesondlo - abesilisa - abaneminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengama-64; Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba - amadoda - aneminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengama-64; Ukuhlolwa konyaka - abesilisa - abaneminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengama-64; Ukuhlolwa - amadoda - aneminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengama-64; Impilo yabesilisa - iminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengama-64; Ukunakekelwa kokuvimbela - amadoda - aneminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengama-64

• Umdlavuza wendlala yesinye
• I-osteoporosis
• Imiphumela yobudala ekucindezelekeni kwegazi
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi lomlingo we-Fecal

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