Imigomo yokugoma yokuqala yengane yakho

Konke okuqukethwe ngezansi kuthathwe ngokuphelele kumaCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Isitatimende semininingwane yokugoma kwengane yakho (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/multi.html. Ikhasi ligcine ukubuyekezwa: Ephreli 1, 2020.

OKUFANELE UKWAZI

Imithi yokugoma efakwe kulesi sitatimende kungenzeka inikezwe ngasikhathi sinye ebuntwaneni nasebuntwaneni. Kunezitatimende ezihlukile zemininingwane yokugoma kweminye imithi yokugoma ephakanyiswa njalo ezinganeni ezincane (isimungumungwane, imvukuzane, irubella, i-varicella, i-rotavirus, umkhuhlane kanye ne-hepatitis A).

Ingane yakho ithola le mithi yokugoma namuhla:

[] I-DTaP

[] Hib

[] Ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B

[] Uvendle

[] I-PCV13

(Umhlinzeki: Bheka amabhokisi afanele)

1. Kungani ugonywa?

Imithi yokugoma ingavimbela izifo. Izifo eziningi ezivinjelwa ukugoma sezijwayelekile kakhulu kunakuqala, kepha ezinye zalezi zifo zisenzeka e-United States. Lapho izingane ezimbalwa zigonywa, izingane eziningi ziyagula.

I-Diphtheria, i-tetanus, ne-pertussis

I-Diphtheria (D) ingaholela ekuphefumuleni kanzima, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, ukukhubazeka, noma ukufa.

I-Tetanus (T) ibangela ukuqina okubuhlungu kwemisipha. UTetanus angaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo, kufaka phakathi ukungakwazi ukuvula umlomo, ukuba nenkinga yokugwinya nokuphefumula, noma ukufa.

I-Pertussis (aP), eyaziwa nangokuthi "ukukhwehlela," ingadala ukukhwehlela okungalawuleki, okunodlame okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula, ukudla noma ukuphuza. I-Pertussis ingaba yingozi ngokweqile ezinganeni nasezinganeni ezisencane, ibangele inyumoniya, ukuxhuzula, ukulimala kobuchopho, noma ukufa. Ebusheni nasebantwini abadala, kungadala ukwehla kwesisindo, ukulahleka kwesilawuli sesinye, ukudlula, kanye nokwephuka kwezimbambo ngenxa yokukhwehlela okukhulu.

Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b) isifo

Uhlobo lwe-Haemophilus influenzae b lungadala izinhlobo eziningi zezifo. Lezi zifo zivame ukuthinta izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu ubudala. Amabhaktheriya e-Hib angadala ukugula okuncane, njengokungenwa yizindlebe noma i-bronchitis, noma kungadala ukugula okunzima, njengokutheleleka kwegazi. Ukutheleleka ngamandla kwe-Hib kudinga ukwelashwa esibhedlela futhi kwesinye isikhathi kungaba yingozi.

I-Hepatitis B

I-Hepatitis B yisifo sesibindi. Ukutheleleka okunamandla kwe-hepatitis B yisifo sesikhashana esingaholela emkhuhlane, ukukhathala, ukungathandi ukudla, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, i-jaundice (isikhumba esiphuzi noma amehlo, umchamo omnyama, ukuhamba kwamathumbu anombala wobumba), nobuhlungu emisipheni, emalungeni , nesisu. Ukutheleleka okungapheli kwe-hepatitis B yisifo sesikhathi eside esibi kakhulu futhi kungaholela ekulimaleni kwesibindi (i-cirrhosis), umdlavuza wesibindi nokufa.

Uvendle

Uvendle lubangelwa yisifo uvendle. Iningi labantu abatheleleke nge-poliovirus abanazimpawu, kepha abanye abantu baba nomphimbo obuhlungu, umkhuhlane, ukukhathala, isicanucanu, ikhanda elibuhlungu, noma ubuhlungu besisu. Iqembu elincane labantu lizoba nezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu ezithinta ubuchopho nomgogodla. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, uvendle lungadala ubuthakathaka nokukhubazeka (lapho umuntu engakwazi ukuhambisa izingxenye zomzimba) okungaholela ekukhubazekeni unomphela futhi, ezimweni ezingandile, ukufa.

Isifo se-pneumococcal

Isifo se-pneumococcal yinoma yikuphi ukugula okubangelwa amagciwane e-pneumococcal. Lawa mabhaktheriya angabangela i-pneumonia (ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu), ukutheleleka kwezindlebe, ukutheleleka kwe-sinus, i-meningitis (ukutheleleka kwezicubu ezihlanganisa ubuchopho nomgogodla), kanye ne-bacteremia (ukutheleleka kwegazi). Ukutheleleka okuningi kwe-pneumococcal kumnene, kepha okunye kungaholela ezinkingeni zesikhathi eside, njengokulimala kobuchopho noma ukulahleka kokuzwa. I-Meningitis, i-bacteremia, ne-pneumonia ebangelwa yisifo se-pneumococcal kungaba yingozi.

2. Imithi yokugoma ye-DTaP, Hib, hepatitis B, uvendle, ne-pneumococcal

Izinsana nezingane imvamisa idinga:

• Imithamo emi-5 yomuthi wokugomela i-diphtheria, tetanus, kanye ne-acellular pertussis (DTaP)
• Imithamo emi-3 noma emi-4 yomuthi wokugoma we-Hib
• Imithamo emi-3 yokugoma i-hepatitis B
• Imithamo emi-4 yomuthi wokugomela uvendle
• Imithamo emi-4 yomuthi wokugoma we-pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13)

Ezinye izingane zingadinga okuncane noma ngaphezulu kwenani elijwayelekile lemithamo yemithi ethile yokugoma ukuze ivikelwe ngokuphelele ngenxa yobudala bazo ekugomeni noma kwezinye izimo.

Izingane ezindala, intsha kanye nabantu abadala ngezimo ezithile zezempilo noma ezinye izinto ezinobungozi nazo zinganconywa ukuthi kutholwe isilinganiso esisodwa noma ngaphezulu seminye yale mithi yokugoma.

Le mithi yokugoma inganikezwa njengemithi yokugoma ezimele yodwa, noma njengengxenye yomuthi wokuhlanganisa oyinhlanganisela (uhlobo lomuthi wokugoma ohlanganisa umuthi wokugoma ongaphezu koyedwa ndawonye kube ukudubula okukodwa).

3. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo

Tshela umhlinzeki wakho wokugoma uma ingane ithola umuthi wokugoma:

Kuyo yonke imigomo:

• Uye waba ne- ukusabela okweqile ngemuva kwesilinganiso sangaphambilini somuthi wokugoma, noma unayo ukungezwani komzimba okunamandla, okusongela impilo.

Okwe-DTaP:

• Uye waba ne- ukusabela okweqile ngemuva kwesilinganiso sangaphambilini sanoma imuphi umuthi wokugoma ovikela i-tetanus, diphtheria, noma i-pertussis.
• Uye waba ne- ikhoma, ukwehla kwezinga lokwazi, noma ukuquleka isikhathi eside kungakapheli izinsuku eziyi-7 ngemuva komthamo wangaphambilini wanoma yimuphi umuthi wokugomela i-pertussis (DTP noma i-DTaP).
• Unayo ukuquleka noma enye inkinga yesistimu yezinzwa.
• Wake waba nakho I-Guillain-Barré Syndrome (ebizwa nangokuthi i-GBS).
• Kuye kwadingeka ubuhlungu obukhulu noma ukuvuvukala ngemuva komthamo wangaphambilini wanoma imuphi umuthi wokugoma ovikela isifo sokuqina kwemisipha noma diphtheria.

Okwe-PCV13:

• Uye waba ne-ukusabela okweqile ngemuva komthamo wangaphambilini we-PCV13, kumuthi wokugoma wangaphambilini we-pneumococcal conjugate owaziwa nge-PCV7, noma kunoma yimuphi umuthi wokugoma oqukethe i-diphtheria toxoid (ngokwesibonelo, i-DTaP).

Kwezinye izimo, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo yengane yakho anganquma ukuhlehlisa ukugoma ekuvakasheni okuzayo.

Izingane ezinezifo ezincane, njengomkhuhlane, zingagonywa. Izingane ezigula ngokulingene noma kakhulu kufanele zivame ukulinda zize zilulame ngaphambi kokugonywa.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo yengane yakho angakunika eminye imininingwane.

4. Izingozi zokuphendula komuthi wokugoma

Ngomuthi wokugoma we-DTaP:

• Ukudinwa noma ukuvuvukala lapho kudutshulwe khona, ukushisa komzimba, ukukhathazeka, ukuzizwa ukhathele, ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla, nokuhlanza kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka ngemuva kokugonywa kwe-DTaP.
• Ukusabela okungathi sína, njengokuquleka, ukungayeki ukukhala amahora amathathu noma ngaphezulu, noma umkhuhlane omkhulu (ngaphezu kuka-105 ° F noma u-40.5 ° C) ngemuva kokugoma kwe-DTaP kwenzeka kaningi kakhulu. Imvamisa, umuthi wokugoma ulandelwa ukuvuvukala kwengalo yonke noma umlenze, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezindala lapho zithola umthamo wazo wesine noma wesihlanu.
• Kuyaqabukela kakhulu, ukuquleka kwesikhathi eside, ikhoma, ukwehlisa ukwazi, noma ukulimala unomphela kobuchopho kungenzeka ngemuva kokugonywa kwe-DTaP.

Ngomuthi wokugoma we-Hib:

• Ububomvu, ukufudumala, nokuvuvukala lapho kudutshulwe khona, futhi imfiva ingenzeka ngemuva kokugonywa kwe-Hib.

Wokugoma i-hepatitis B:

• Ubuhlungu lapho kunikezwa khona isibhamu noma umkhuhlane kungenzeka ngemuva kokugonywa kwe-hepatitis B.

Wokugomela uvendle:

• Indawo ebuhlungu ngokubomvu, ukuvuvukala, noma ubuhlungu lapho kudutshulwa khona kungenzeka ngemuva kokugomela i-polio.

Okwe-PCV13:

• Ububomvu, ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu, noma ubumnene lapho kudutshulwe khona, futhi umkhuhlane, ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla, ukuxokozela, ukuzwa ukhathele, ukuphathwa ikhanda nokubandayo kungenzeka ngemuva kwe-PCV13.
• Izingane ezincane zingaba sengozini eyengeziwe yokuquleka okubangelwa umkhuhlane ngemuva kwe-PCV13 uma iphathwa ngasikhathi sinye njengomuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ongasebenzi. Buza umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngolwazi oluthe xaxa.

Njenganoma imuphi umuthi, kunethuba elikude kakhulu lomuthi wokugoma obangela ukusabela okweqile, okunye ukulimala okubi, noma ukufa.

5. Kuthiwani uma kunenkinga enkulu?

Ukungezwani komzimba kungenzeka ngemuva kokuthi umuntu ogonyiwe ashiye umtholampilo. Uma ubona izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba (isifuba, ukuvuvukala kobuso nomphimbo, ukuphefumula kanzima, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, isiyezi, noma ubuthakathaka), shayela u-9-1-1 bese umyisa esibhedlela esiseduze.

Ngezinye izimpawu ezikukhathazayo, shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Ukusabela okungekuhle kufanele kubikwe ku-Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uvame ukufaka lo mbiko, noma ungazenzela ngokwakho. Vakashela iwebhusayithi ye-VAERS ku-vaers.hhs.gov noma ushayele ucingo 1-800-822-7967. I-VAERS ingeyokubika kuphela ukusabela, futhi abasebenzi be-VAERS abanikeli izeluleko ngezokwelapha.

6. Uhlelo Lukazwelonke Lokulimala Kokunxeshezelwa Komgomo

Uhlelo lweNational Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) luhlelo oludalelwe ukunxephezela abantu okungenzeka balinyazwe yimithi ethile yokugoma. Vakashela iwebhusayithi ye-VICP ku-www.hrsa.gov/vaccine-compensation/index.html noma ushayele 1-800-338-2382 ukufunda ngalolu hlelo nangokufaka isicelo sesimangalo. Kunomkhawulo wesikhathi sokufaka isicelo sesinxephezelo.

7. Ngingafunda Kanjani Kabanzi?

• Buza umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.
• Xhumana nomnyango wezempilo wangakini noma wesifundazwe.

Xhumana Nezikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo (CDC):

• Shayela 1-800-232-4636 (1-800-CDC-INFO)
• Vakashela iwebhusayithi yeCDC ku-www.cdc.gov/vaccines/index.html

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi.Izitatimende zolwazi lokugoma (ama-VIS): Imigomo yokugoma yokuqala yengane yakho. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statement/multi.html. Kubuyekezwe u-Ephreli 1, 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Ephreli 2, 2020.