Isifo segciwane leZika

I-Zika igciwane elidluliselwa kubantu ngokulunywa omiyane abathelelekile. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi umkhuhlane, ubuhlungu obuhlangene, ukuqubuka, namehlo abomvu (i-conjunctivitis).

Igciwane le-Zika liqanjwe ngehlathi laseZika e-Uganda, lapho leli gciwane laqala ukutholakala khona ngo-1947.

INDLELA IZIKA ENGASABALA NGAYO

Omiyane basakaza igciwane leZika lisuka komunye nomuntu.

• Omiyane bathola leli gciwane uma bondla abantu abanalo. Babe sebesabalalisa igciwane lapho beluma abanye abantu.
• Omiyane abasabalalisa iZika bangohlobo olufanayo olusabalalisa umkhuhlane wedenga kanye negciwane le-chikungunya. Lezi zimiyane zivame ukondla emini.

IZika ingadluliselwa isuke kumama iye enganeni yakhe.

• Lokhu kungenzeka esibelethweni noma ngesikhathi sokuzalwa.
• UZika akatholakalanga ukuthi usabalala ngokuncelisa.

Igciwane lingasakazwa ngocansi.

• Abantu abaneZika bangasabalalisa lesi sifo kozakwabo abenza nabo ucansi ngaphambi kokuba kuqale izimpawu, ngenkathi banezimpawu, noma ngemuva kokuphela kwezimpawu.
• Leli gciwane lingadluliselwa futhi ngesikhathi socansi ngabantu abaneZika abangakaze babe nezimpawu.
• Akekho owaziyo ukuthi iZika ihlala isikhathi esingakanani esidunjini nasesiketsheni sowesifazane sangasese, noma ukuthi ingasakazeka isikhathi esingakanani ngesikhathi socansi.
• Leli gciwane lihlala esidunjini isikhathi eside kunamanye amanzi emzimbeni (igazi, umchamo, uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane).

I-Zika nayo ingasakazeka nge:

• Ukumpontshelwa igazi
• Ukuvezwa elabhorethri

LAPHO KUTHOLAKALA IZIKA

Ngaphambi kuka-2015, leli gciwane lalitholakala ikakhulukazi e-Afrika, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia naseziqhingini zasePacific. NgoMeyi 2015, leli gciwane latholwa okokuqala eBrazil.

Manje isinabele ezindaweni eziningi, izifundazwe, kanye namazwe ase:

• Iziqhingi zaseCaribbean
• IMelika Ephakathi
• EMexico
• i-South America
• Iziqhingi zasePacific
• Afrika

Leli gciwane laqinisekiswa ePuerto Rico, e-American Samoa nase-United States Virgin Islands.

Lesi sifo sitholakale kubahambi abeza eMelika bevela ezindaweni ezithintekile. IZika nayo itholakele endaweni eyodwa eFlorida, lapho leli gciwane lisatshalaliswa omiyane.

Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabahlanu otheleleke ngegciwane leZika uzoba nezimpawu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungaba neZika futhi ungayazi.

Izimpawu zivame ukuvela ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezi-7 ngemuva kokulunywa umiyane onaleli gciwane. Kubandakanya:

• Imfiva
• I-Rash
• Ubuhlungu obuhlangene
• Amehlo abomvu (i-conjunctivitis)
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda

Izimpawu zivame ukuba mnene, futhi zihlala izinsuku ezimbalwa kuye kwesonto ngaphambi kokuhamba ngokuphelele.

Uma unezimpawu ze-Zika futhi usanda kuhambela endaweni lapho kunegciwane khona, umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola iZika. Futhi ungahlolwa amanye amagciwane asatshalaliswa omiyane, njengodenga ne-chikungunya.

Alukho ukwelashwa uZika. Njengegciwane lomkhuhlane, kufanele ligijime. Ungathatha izinyathelo ukusiza ukukhulula izimpawu:

• Phuza uketshezi oluningi ukuze uhlale unamanzi.
• Thola ukuphumula okuningi.
• Thatha i-acetaminophen (iTylenol) ukudambisa izinhlungu nomkhuhlane.
• Ungathathi i-aspirin, ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), noma enye imishanguzo yokulwa nokuvuvukala (ama-NSAID) kuze kube umhlinzeki wakho uqinisekisa ukuthi awunalo udenga. Le mithi ingadala ukopha kubantu abane-dengue.

Ukutheleleka ngeZika ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungadala isimo esingajwayelekile esibizwa nge-microcephaly. Kwenzeka lapho ubuchopho bungakhuli ngendlela efanele esibelethweni noma ngemuva kokuzalwa bese kubangela ukuthi izingane zizalwe zinekhanda elincane kunejwayelekile.

Kusenziwa ucwaningo olunzulu ukuze kuqondwe ukuthi leli gciwane lingasabalala kanjani lisuke komama liye ezinganeni ezingakazalwa nokuthi leli gciwane lingazithinta kanjani izingane.

Abanye abantu abangenwe yiZika kamuva baba ne-Guillain-Barré syndrome. Akucaci ukuthi kungani lokhu kungenzeka.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma uthuthukisa izimpawu zeZika. Yazisa umhlinzeki wakho uma ngabe usanda kuhamba endaweni lapho igciwane lisakazeka khona. Umhlinzeki wakho angenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola iZika nezinye izifo ezithwalwa ngomiyane.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma wena noma umlingani wakho uye endaweni lapho iZika ikhona, noma uhlala endaweni eneZika futhi ukhulelwe noma ucabanga ngokukhulelwa.

Awukho umuthi wokugoma wokuvikela i-Zika. Indlela engcono yokugwema ukuthola igciwane ukuthi ugweme ukulunywa omiyane.

I-CDC incoma ukuthi bonke abantu abahambela ezindaweni lapho iZika ikhona bathathe izinyathelo zokuzivikela ekulunyweni omiyane.

• Mboza ngemikhono emide, amabhulukwe amade, amasokisi nesigqoko.
• Sebenzisa izingubo ezifakwe i-permethrin.
• Sebenzisa ukuxosha izinambuzane nge-DEET, i-picaridin, i-IR3535, uwoyela we-lemon eucalyptus, noma i-para-menthane-diol. Uma usebenzisa i-sunscreen, gcoba izinambuzane ngemuva kokugcoba i-sun.
• Lala ekamelweni elinomoya opholile noma ngamawindi anezikrini. Bheka izikrini ngezimbobo ezinkulu.
• Susa amanzi amile kunoma iziphi iziqukathi zangaphandle ezifana namabhakede, izimbiza zezimbali, nezindawo zokugeza izinyoni.
• Uma ulele ngaphandle, lala ngaphansi kwenetha lokuvimba omiyane.

Uma ubuya ekuhambeni uye endaweni eneZika, kufanele uthathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukulunywa omiyane amasonto ama-3. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awuyisabalalisi iZika komiyane endaweni yangakini.

I-CDC yenza lezi zincomo kwabesifazane abakhulelwe:

• Ungayi kunoma iyiphi indawo lapho kuvela khona igciwane leZika.
• Uma kufanele uye kwenye yalezi zindawo, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho kuqala bese ulandela ngokuqinile izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukulunywa omiyane phakathi nohambo lwakho.
• Uma ukhulelwe futhi uye endaweni lapho iZika ikhona khona, tshela umhlinzeki wakho.
• Uma uya endaweni eneZika, kufanele uhlolwe iZika kungakapheli amasonto amabili ubuyele ekhaya, noma ngabe unezimpawu noma cha.
• Uma uhlala endaweni eneZika, kufanele ukhulume nomhlinzeki wakho phakathi nokukhulelwa kwakho konke. Uzohlolelwa iZika ngesikhathi ukhulelwe.
• Uma uhlala endaweni eneZika futhi unezimpawu zeZika nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngenkathi ukhulelwe, kufanele uhlolelwe iZika.
• Uma umlingani wakho esanda kuhambela indawo lapho kukhona khona iZika, yeka ukuya ocansini noma usebenzise amakhondomu ngokufanele njalo uma wenza ucansi sonke isikhathi sokukhulelwa kwakho. Lokhu kufaka ucansi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, sangasese nesomlomo (umlomo-to-penis noma i-fallatio).

I-CDC yenza lezi zincomo kwabesifazane abazama ukukhulelwa:

• Ungayi ezindaweni ezineZika.
• Uma kufanele uye kwenye yalezi zindawo, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho kuqala bese ulandela ngokuqinile izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukulunywa omiyane phakathi nohambo lwakho.
• Uma uhlala endaweni eneZika, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nezinhlelo zakho zokukhulelwa, ingozi yokutheleleka ngegciwane le-Zika ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwakho, kanye nokuchayeka komlingani wakho kuZika.
• Uma unezimpawu zegciwane le-Zika, kufanele ulinde okungenani izinyanga ezimbili ngemuva kokuthola igciwane lokuqala noma utholakale une-Zika ngaphambi kokuzama ukukhulelwa.
• Uma ngabe uye endaweni lapho uZika ekhona, kepha ungenazimpawu zeZika, kufanele ulinde okungenani izinyanga ezimbili ngemuva kosuku lokugcina lokuvezwa kwakho ukuzama ukukhulelwa.
• Uma umlingani wakho wesilisa eye endaweni enobungozi beZika futhi engenazimpawu zeZika, kufanele ulinde okungenani izinyanga ezintathu ngemuva kokubuya kwakhe ukuzama ukukhulelwa.
• Uma umlingani wakho wesilisa eye endaweni enobungozi beZika futhi esenezimpawu zeZika, kufanele ulinde okungenani izinyanga ezintathu ngemuva kosuku aqala ngalo izimpawu zakhe noma usuku okutholwe ngalo ukuthi uzama ukukhulelwa.

I-CDC yenza lezi zincomo kwabesifazane nabalingani babo ABANGAZAMI ukukhulelwa:

• Abesilisa abanezimpawu zeZika akufanele baye ocansini noma kufanele basebenzise amakhondomu okungenani izinyanga ezintathu ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu noma usuku lokuxilongwa.
• Abesifazane abanezimpawu zeZika akufanele baye ocansini noma kufanele basebenzise amakhondomu okungenani izinyanga ezimbili ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu noma usuku lokuxilongwa.
• Abesilisa abangenazo izimpawu ze-Zika akufanele baye ocansini noma kufanele basebenzise amakhondomu okungenani izinyanga ezintathu ngemuva kokufika ekhaya bevela endaweni eneZika.
• Abesifazane abangenazo izimpawu ze-Zika akufanele baye ocansini noma kufanele basebenzise amakhondomu okungenani izinyanga ezimbili ngemuva kokufika ekhaya bevela endaweni eneZika.
  
• Abesilisa nabesifazane abahlala ezindaweni ezineZika akufanele baye ocansini noma kufanele basebenzise amakhondomu sonke isikhathi iZika esendaweni.

I-Zika ayikwazi ukusakazeka ngemuva kokuba igciwane selidlulile emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, akucaci ukuthi iZika ingahlala isikhathi esingakanani kuketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane noma isidoda.

Izindawo lapho kutholakala khona igciwane le-Zika kungenzeka ziguquke, ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi uhlola iwebhusayithi ye-CDC ukuthola uhlu lwakamuva lwamazwe athintekile kanye nezeluleko zakamuva zokuhamba.

Bonke abahamba izindawo ezibeka engcupheni iZika kufanele bagweme ukuthola ukulunywa omiyane amasonto amathathu bebuyile, ukuvimbela ukusabalala kweZika kumiyane abangasabalalisa igciwane kwabanye abantu.

Ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-Zika; Igciwane le-Zika; Zika

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. UZika e-US. www.cdc.gov/zika/geo/index.html. Kubuyekezwe ngoNovemba 7, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Ephreli 1, 2020.

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Abesifazane abakhulelwe noZika. www.cdc.gov/zika/pregnancy/protect-yourself.html. Kubuyekezwe ngoFebhuwari 26, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Ephreli 1, 2020.

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Zivikele nabanye. www.cdc.gov/zika/prevention/protect-yourself-and-others.html. Kubuyekezwe ngoJanuwari 21, 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Ephreli 1, 2020.

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Abesifazane nabalingani babo bezama ukukhulelwa. www.cdc.gov/pregnancy/zika/women-and-their-partners.html. Kubuyekezwe ngoFebhuwari 26, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Ephreli 1, 2020.

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Igciwane le-Zika labahlinzeki bokunakekelwa kwempilo: ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo nezifo. www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/preparing-for-zika/clinicalevaluationdisease.html. Kubuyekezwe uJanuwari 28, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Ephreli 1, 2020.

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Igciwane le-Zika: izimpawu, ukuhlolwa, nokwelashwa. www.cdc.gov/zika/symptoms/index.html. Kubuyekezwe ngoJanuwari 3, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Ephreli 1, 2020.

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Igciwane le-Zika: izindlela zokudlulisa. www.cdc.gov/zika/prevention/transmission-methods.html.Kubuyekezwe ngoJulayi 24, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Ephreli 1, 2020.

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