I-Actinic Keratosis

-Delile

• Yini ebangela i-actinic keratosis?
• Ziyini izimpawu ze-actinic keratosis?
• I-actinic keratosis itholakala kanjani?
• Uphathwa kanjani i-actinic keratosis?
• Ukuzijabulisa
• Ukulungiswa
• I-Cryotherapy
• Ukwelashwa kwezihloko
• I-Phototherapy
• Ungayivimba kanjani i-actinic keratosis?

Kuyini i-actinic keratosis?

Njengoba ukhula, ungaqala ukubona amabala amabi, anamaxolo avela ezandleni zakho, izingalo noma ubuso bakho. Lawa mabala abizwa ngokuthi ama-actinic keratoses, kodwa aziwa kakhulu njengama-sunspots noma amabala weminyaka.

Ama-Actinic keratoses ngokuvamile akhula ezindaweni ezilinyazwe yiminyaka yokushiswa yilanga. Zakheka uma une-actinic keratosis (AK), okuyisimo sesikhumba esivame kakhulu.

I-AK yenzeka lapho amangqamuzana esikhumba abizwa ngokuthi ama-keratinocyte aqala ukukhula ngokungajwayelekile, akha amabala anezikhala ezinamabala. Amabala wesikhumba angaba yinoma iyiphi yale mibala:

• nsundu
• tan
• mpunga
• obomvana

Zivame ukuvela ezingxenyeni zomzimba ezithola ukukhanya kwelanga kakhulu, kufaka phakathi okulandelayo:

• izandla
• izingalo
• ubuso
• isikhumba sekhanda
• intamo

Ama-keratoses ama-Actinic awenawo umdlavuza ngokwawo. Kodwa-ke, bangaqhubekela phambili ku-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), yize amathuba ephansi.

Lapho zingalashwa, kuze kufike kumaphesenti ayi-10 ama-actinic keratoses angaqhubekela ku-SCC. I-SCC uhlobo lwesibili lomdlavuza wesikhumba ovame kakhulu. Ngenxa yale ngozi, izindawo kufanele zihlolwe njalo ngudokotela noma udokotela wesikhumba. Nazi ezinye izithombe ze-SCC nokuthi yiziphi izinguquko okufanele uzibheke.

Yini ebangela i-actinic keratosis?

I-AK ibangelwa ikakhulu ukuvezwa yilanga isikhathi eside. Unengozi enkulu yokuthola lesi simo uma:

• bangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60
• banesikhumba esinombala okhanyayo namehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• ukuthambekela kokushiswa yilanga kalula
• unomlando wokushiswa yilanga ekuqaleni kwempilo
• uvame ukuvezwa yilanga esikhathini sempilo yakho
• unegciwane le-papilloma lomuntu (HPV)

Ziyini izimpawu ze-actinic keratosis?

Ama-keratoses ama-Actinic aqala njengamaqweqwe esikhumba ashubile, anamaxolo, aqhephukile. Lezi zinhlamvu zivame ukuba ngosayizi wesisuli esincane sepensela. Kungahle kube nokushaywa noma ukushiswa endaweni ethintekile.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izilonda zinganyamalala, zikhulise, zihlale zinjalo, noma zikhule zibe yi-SCC. Ayikho indlela yokwazi ukuthi iziphi izilonda ezingaba nomdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, kufanele izindawo zakho zihlolwe udokotela ngokushesha uma ubona noma yiziphi kulezi zinguquko ezilandelayo:

• ukuqina kwesilonda
• ukuvuvukala
• ukukhulisa ngokushesha
• ukopha
• ububomvu
• isilonda

Ungethuki uma kunezinguquko zomdlavuza. I-SCC kulula ukuyixilonga nokwelapha kusaqala.

I-actinic keratosis itholakala kanjani?

Udokotela wakho angakwazi ukuxilonga i-AK ngokumane ayibheke. Bangase bafune ukuthatha i-biopsy yesikhumba yanoma yiziphi izilonda ezibukeka zisolisa. I-biopsy yesikhumba ukuphela kwendlela engenangqondo yokutshela uma izilonda zishintshile zaba yi-SCC.

Uphathwa kanjani i-actinic keratosis?

I-AK ingaphathwa ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

Ukuzijabulisa

Ukuzikhipha kuhilela ukusika isilonda esikhunjeni. Udokotela wakho angakhetha ukususa izicubu ezingeziwe nxazonke noma ngaphansi kwesilonda uma kukhona ukukhathazeka ngomdlavuza wesikhumba. Ngokuya ngosayizi we-incision, imithungo ingahle ingadingeki.

Ukulungiswa

E-cauterization, lesi sifo sishiswa ngamandla kagesi. Lokhu kubulala amangqamuzana esikhumba athintekile.

I-Cryotherapy

I-Cryotherapy, ebizwa nangokuthi i-cryosurgery, uhlobo lokwelashwa lapho i-lesion ifafazwa ngesisombululo se-cryosurgery, njenge-nitrogen ewuketshezi. Lokhu kumisa amaseli lapho ethintana nawo futhi kuyawabulala. Isilonda sizoklehla bese siwela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kwenqubo.

Ukwelashwa kwezihloko

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezifana ne-5-fluorouracil (Carac, Efudex, Fluoroplex, Tolak) zidala ukuvuvukala nokubhujiswa kwezilonda. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zihlanganisa imiquimod (Aldara, Zyclara) ne-ingenol mebutate (i-Picato).

I-Phototherapy

• Ngesikhathi se-phototherapy, isisombululo sisetshenziswa ngaphezu kwesilonda nesikhumba esithintekile. Indawo bese ivezwa ekukhanyeni okukhulu kwe-laser okukhomba futhi kubulale amaseli. Izixazululo ezijwayelekile ezisetshenziswa ku-phototherapy zibandakanya imishanguzo kadokotela, njenge-aminolevulinic acid (i-Levulan Kerastick) ne-methyl aminolevulinate cream (Metvix).

Ungayivimba kanjani i-actinic keratosis?

Indlela engcono yokuvimbela i-AK ukunciphisa ukukhanya kwakho elangeni. Lokhu kuzosiza futhi ukunciphisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesikhumba. Khumbula ukwenza okulandelayo:

• Gqoka izigqoko namashethi anemikhono emide uma uselangeni elikhanyayo.
• Gwema ukuphuma ngaphandle emini, lapho ilanga likhanya kakhulu.
• Gwema imibhede yokushuka.
• Sebenzisa i-sunscreen njalo uma ungaphandle. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-sunscreen enesilinganiso se-sun protection factor (SPF) okungenani esingu-30. Kufanele ivimbe zombili i-ultraviolet A (UVA) ne-ultraviolet B (UVB) light.

Kuwumqondo omuhle futhi ukuhlola isikhumba sakho njalo. Funa ukuthuthukiswa kokukhula kwesikhumba okusha noma noma yiziphi izinguquko kukho konke okukhona:

• uhlevane
• izimpawu zokuzalwa
• izinsumpa
• amabombo

Qiniseka ukuthi ubheka ukukhula okusha kwesikhumba noma izinguquko kulezi zindawo:

• ubuso
• intamo
• izindlebe
• iziqongo nezingaphansi zezingalo nezandla zakho

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho ngokushesha okukhulu uma unezindawo ezikhathazayo esikhunjeni sakho.