Imibuzo ejwayelekile kakhulu ngama-antibiotic nokuthi imiphi esetshenziswa kakhulu

-Delile

• Imibuzo ejwayelekile ngama-antibiotic
• 1. Ingabe ukuthatha ama-antibiotic kuyancipha?
• 2. Imithi elwa namagciwane isika umphumela wokuvimbela inzalo?
• 3. Ngabe ngidinga ukuthatha ibhokisi lama-antibiotic liye ekugcineni?
• 4. Kungani i-antibiotic ibangela isifo sohudo?
• 5. Ngabe utshwala bunqamula umthelela we-antibiotic?
• Yimaphi ama-antibiotic asetshenziswa kakhulu

I-antibiotic umuthi osetshenziselwa ukulwa nama-microorganisms azwelayo abangela izifo, njengamagciwane, ama-parasites noma isikhunta futhi kufanele asetshenziswe kuphela uma kunconywa udokotela.

Ama-antibiotic asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezifo, njengezifo zomgudu womchamo, endlebeni, emehlweni, ezinso, isikhumba, amathambo, izitho zangasese, umgogodla wesisu, amalunga noma umgudu wokuphefumula nowokugaya ukudla, i-sinusitis, amathumba, izilonda ezinegciwane, i-tonsillitis, i-rhinitis , i-bronchitis noma i-pneumonia, isibonelo.

Uma zisetshenziswe ngokungafanele noma ngaphandle kwezeluleko zezokwelapha, zingadala ukumelana okungadingekile nemiphumela engemihle, ngoba ama-antibiotic nawo angaqeda amabhaktheriya awusizo emzimbeni, njengalawo ahlala emathunjini nasesikhunjeni, okungaholela ekubonakaleni i-candidiasis, isifo sohudo noma izifo, okwenza ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kube nzima kakhulu.

Imibuzo ejwayelekile ngama-antibiotic

1. Ingabe ukuthatha ama-antibiotic kuyancipha?

Imithi elwa namagciwane ngokuvamile ayinayo imiphumela emibi yokwehlisa isisindo noma ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla, noma kunjalo, eminye yayo ingadala ukugaya ukudla okungafanele kanye negesi eyeqile, engadala ukuqunjelwa esiswini, okungaphanjaniswa nokuzuza kwesisindo.

2. Imithi elwa namagciwane isika umphumela wokuvimbela inzalo?

Ambalwa ama-antibiotic anciphisa umphumela wezinto zokuvimbela inzalo, okuqinisekiswa yizifundo zakamuva, lapho kukhonjiswe kuphela i-rifampicin ne-rifabutin okuphazamisa isenzo sabo. Yazi okufanele ukwenze kulezi zimo.

Kodwa-ke, njengomunye wemiphumela emibi kakhulu yama-antibiotic amaningi uhudo, kunengozi yokuthi ukuvimbela inzalo ngeke kumunceke ngokuphelele uma isifo sohudo senzeka kungakapheli amahora ama-4 sithathe umuthi. Kulezi zimo, kuyalulekwa ukusebenzisa ikhondomu, inqobo nje uma isifo sohudo sinqamuka zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-7.

3. Ngabe ngidinga ukuthatha ibhokisi lama-antibiotic liye ekugcineni?

Imithi elwa namagciwane kufanele iphuzwe njalo kuze kube sekupheleni noma isikhathi eside njengoba udokotela ekutshela, noma ngabe kunezimpawu zokuthuthuka ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu noma ezinhlanu zokwelashwa.

Kwezinye izimo, abantu abazizwa bengcono bavame ukuyeka ukuthatha i-antibiotic ngaphambi kwesikhathi esinconyiwe, kodwa akufanele, ngoba amabhaktheriya abhekene nokubangela ukutheleleka kungenzeka ukuthi awazange aqedwe wonke. Ngakho-ke, ngokuphazamiseka kokwelashwa bangaphindaphindeka futhi, baphinde bathuthukise lesi sifo futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, bangakhula ukumelana namakhemikhali asetshenziswayo, okwenza ukuthi i-antibiotic ingasebenzi esikhathini esizayo.

4. Kungani i-antibiotic ibangela isifo sohudo?

Isifo sohudo siwumphumela ojwayelekile we-antibiotic, ovela ngenxa yomphumela we-antibiotic ku-flora yamathumbu. Okwenzekayo ukuthi ama-antibiotic yimishanguzo eqeda amabhaktheriya azwele kumakhemikhali athile, ngaleyo ndlela aqede amabhaktheriya amabi namabi, adala ushintsho ekusebenzeni kwamathumbu.

Funda ukuthi ungalwa kanjani nohudo olubangelwa yimithi elwa namagciwane.

5. Ngabe utshwala bunqamula umthelela we-antibiotic?

Utshwala abuwuvimbi umphumela we-antibiotic, kepha bunganciphisa ukusebenza kwayo ngoba utshwala bunomthelela wokuchama, ongasiza ekuphumeni komuthi emchameni futhi wehlise ukugxila kwawo ekusakazeni kwegazi, futhi kungenzeka kungasebenzi ukwelashwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kotshwala nemithi elwa namagciwane ngasikhathi sinye kungagcwalisa isibindi, njengoba zombili zingahlanganiswa nalesi sitho, ngakho-ke ukutholakala komuthi kungaphazamiseka, futhi kungakhuphula nobuthi be-antibiotic.

Ngalezi zizathu, odokotela bavame ukuncoma ukuthi akukho ukuphuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, ngoba kukhona ama-antibiotic athile angakwazi nokufakwa utshwala, njengeMetronidazole, Tinidazole, Cefoxitin kanye nenhlanganisela yeSulfamethoxazole neTrimethoprim, ngoba ngaphezu kokuba yingozi emzimbeni, kungadala izimpawu ezingathandeki, njengokuhlanza, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukushisa, ukujuluka okweqile, ukuphefumula kanzima, ikhanda elibuhlungu kanye ne-hypotension.

Yimaphi ama-antibiotic asetshenziswa kakhulu

Amanye ama-antibiotic asetshenziswa kakhulu ukwelapha izifo afaka:

• I-Ciprofloxacino: Eyaziwa njengezebhizinisi njengeCipro noma iCipro XR, kuyikhambi eliboniswe ekwelapheni izifo zokuphefumula, endlebeni, emehlweni, ezinso, esikhunjeni, emathanjeni noma ezithweni zokuzala, kanye nokwelashwa kwezifo ezijwayelekile. Imithamo enconywayo yale antibiotic iyahluka phakathi kuka-250 no-1500 mg ngosuku, kuya ngeminyaka nobukhulu besifo eselaphwayo. Bona okuningi ngomthamo, ukuphikisana nemiphumela engemihle.

• I-Amoxicillin: Ikhonjiswe ekwelapheni izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, njenge-pneumonia, i-bronchitis, i-tonsillitis, i-sinusitis, ukutheleleka komchamo noma isitho sangasese, kwesikhumba kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Le antibiotic ingeyeqembu le-penicillin kanti imithamo enconywayo iyehluka phakathi kuka-750 mg no-1500 mg ngosuku, kuya ngobukhulu besifo okufanele silashwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingahlanganiswa ne-clavulanic acid, ukuze inciphise ukumelana namagciwane ku-antibiotic. Funda kabanzi nge-Amoxicillin.

• I-Azithromycin: Kuboniswe ekwelapheni ukutheleleka komgudu wokuphefumula ongezansi nangaphezulu, njenge-sinusitis, i-pharyngitis noma i-tonsillitis, ukutheleleka kwesikhumba nezicubu ezithambile, i-acute otitis media kanye nezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi ezithinta abesilisa nabesifazane, ezibangelwa amagciwane I-Chlamydia trachomatis futhi I-Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Kuyakhonjiswa nasekwelapheni umdlavuza obangelwe yi I-Haemophilus ducreyi. Ngokuvamile, imithamo enconywayo iyahluka phakathi kuka-500 no-1000 mg ngosuku, kuya ngokuthi ilashwa kanjani. Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-azithromycin.

• I-Cephalexin: Kungaziwa futhi ngamagama okuhweba i-Keflex, Keforal noma i-Keflaxina, futhi ngokuvamile kukhonjiswa ekwelapheni izifo ezithinta ukuphefumula, i-otitis media, izifo zesikhumba nezithambile, ukutheleleka komchamo kanye nokutheleleka kwamathambo. Ngokuvamile, kunconywa imithamo esukela ku-750 kuya ku-1500 mg ngosuku, ngokuya ngobukhulu besifo eselaphwayo. Nakhu ukuthi ungathatha kanjani i-Cephalexin.

• I-Tetracycline: Ezentengiso zaziwa njengeTetracilil noma iTetrex. Kuyimithi elwa namagciwane evame ukukhonjiswa ekwelapheni izifo ezibangelwa izinto ezizwelana ne-tetracycline, njenge-brucellosis, i-gingivitis, i-gonorrhea noma ugcunsula, ngokwesibonelo. Ngokuvamile, imithamo enconywayo iyahluka phakathi kuka-1500 no-2000 mg ngosuku. Bona okufakwayo kwephakheji kweTetracycline.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi wonke ama-antibiotic kufanele athathwe ngokuya ngemiyalo enikezwe udokotela, ngokuhlonipha isikhathi sokwelashwa, noma ngabe intuthuko ibonwa. Amashejuli wokulinganisa kufanele futhi ahlonishwe njalo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kunomthelela oyifunayo.