Ama-anticholinergics

-Delile

• Uhlu lwe-anticholinergics
• Isebenza kanjani i-anticholinergics
• Isebenzisa
• Izexwayiso
• Ukukhathala kokushisa nokushiswa ukushisa
• Ukudlula ngokweqile notshwala
• Izimo eziphikisanayo
• Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo
• Khuluma nodokotela wakho
• Okubalulekile

Mayelana nama-anticholinergics

Ama-anticholinergics yizidakamizwa ezivimba isenzo se. I-Acetylcholine iyi-neurotransmitter, noma isithunywa samakhemikhali. Idlulisa amasiginali phakathi kwamaseli athile ukuthinta ukusebenza komzimba wakho.

I-Anticholinergics ingaphatha izimo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi:

• ukungabambeki komchamo
• isisindo esisebenza ngokweqile (OAB)
• isifo esingamahlalakhona sokuphazamiseka kwamaphaphu (COPD)
• izinhlobo ezithile zobuthi

Zisiza futhi nokuvimba ukunyakaza kwemisipha okungazibandakanyi okuhambisana nezifo ezithile ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson. Kwesinye isikhathi, zisetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukusiza ukugcina ukusebenza komzimba ngenkathi umuntu elashwa nge-anesthesia.

Funda ku:

• uhlu lwezidakamizwa ze-anticholinergic
• imininingwane yokuthi basebenza kanjani
• okufanele ukwazi ngezingozi nemiphumela yazo engemihle

Uhlu lwe-anticholinergics

Ama-anticholinergics atholakala kuphela ngencwadi kadokotela. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

• i-atropine (Atropen)
• izinsimbi ze-belladonna
• i-benztropine mesylate (Cogentin)
• clidinium
• i-cyclopentolate (i-Cyclogyl)
• i-darifenacin (i-Enablex)
• dicylomine
• i-fesoterodine (Toviaz)
• i-flavoxate (i-Urispas)
• i-glycopyrrolate
• i-hydrobromide yasekhaya
• i-hyoscyamine (Levsinex)
• ipratropium (Atrovent)
• orphenadrine
• i-oxybutynin (Ditropan XL)
• i-propantheline (i-Pro-banthine)
• scopolamine
• umuthi
• i-solifenacin (VESIcare)
• i-tiotropium (i-Spiriva)
• i-tolterodine (i-Detrol)
• sdubhabha
• trospium

Yize ihlukaniswe njenge-antihistamine ezosetshenziselwa ukungezwani komzimba kanye nosizo lokulala, i-diphenhydramine (iBenadryl) nayo inemiphumela ye-anticholinergic.

Ngayinye yalezi zidakamizwa isebenza ukwelapha izimo ezithile. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha umuthi ongcono kakhulu wesimo sakho.

Amanye ama-anticholinergics atholakala ezitshalweni zomndeni we-nightshade obulalayo obizwa ngeSolanaceae. Ukushisa izimpande, iziqu, nembewu yalezi zitshalo kukhipha i-anticholinergics. Ukuphefumula komusi sekusetshenzisiwe amakhulu eminyaka ukwelapha izifo ezivimbela ukuhamba komoya.

Isebenza kanjani i-anticholinergics

I-Anticholinergics ivimba i-acetylcholine ekubopheni kuma-receptors ayo kumaseli athile ezinzwa. Zivimbela izenzo ezibizwa ngama-parasympathetic nerve impulses.

Lezi zifiso zezinzwa zibhekele ukunyakaza kwemisipha okungazibandakanyi ku:

• umgudu wamathumbu
• amaphaphu
• umgudu womchamo
• ezinye izitho zomzimba wakho

Imizwa yezinzwa isiza ukulawula imisebenzi efana nale:

• amathe
• ukugaya
• ukuchama
• uketshezi lwamafinyila

Ukuvimba amasiginali e-acetylcholine kungancipha:

• ukunyakaza kwemisipha okungazibandakanyi
• ukugaya
• uketshezi lwamafinyila

Yingakho le mithi ingadala imiphumela ethile emibi, efana nale:

• ukugcina umchamo
• enomlomo owomile

Isebenzisa

Ama-anticholinergics asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• isifo esingapheliyo sokuvimbela kwamaphaphu (COPD)
• isinye esisebenza ngokweqile nokungavumelani
• ukuphazamiseka kwamathumbu, njengokuhuda
• isifuba somoya
• isiyezi nokugula kokunyakaza
• ubuthi obubangelwa ubuthi obufana ne-organophosphates noma i-muscarine, obutholakala kweminye imishanguzo yokubulala izinambuzane namakhowe anobuthi
• izimpawu zesifo sikaParkinson, njengokunyakaza kwemisipha okungaziphathi ngokungajwayelekile

I-Anticholinergics nayo ingasetshenziswa njengezidambisi zokuphumula ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ukusiza nge-anesthesia. Bayasiza:

• gcina ukushaya kwenhliziyo kujwayelekile
• khululeka umuntu
• ukunciphisa uketshezi lwamathe

Abanye odokotela banikeza ama-anticholinergics ngokusetshenziswa kwelebula ukusiza ukwehlisa ukujuluka okweqile. Ama-anticholinergics asetshenziswa kakhulu kulokhu kwelashwa yilawa:

• ukhilimu we-glycopyrrolate
• amaphilisi omlomo e-oxybutynin

Izexwayiso

Njengezidakamizwa eziningi, i-anticholinergics iza nezixwayiso eziningana.

Ukukhathala kokushisa nokushiswa ukushisa

Ama-anticholinergics anciphisa ukuthi ujuluka kangakanani, okungadala ukuthi izinga lokushisa komzimba wakho likhuphuke. Ngenkathi uthatha owodwa wale mithi, qaphela ukuthi ungashisi ngesikhathi:

• ukuzivocavoca umzimba
• izindawo zokugeza ezishisayo
• isimo sezulu esishisayo

Ukwehla kwezithukuthuku kungakufaka engcupheni yokushiswa wukushisa.

Ukudlula ngokweqile notshwala

Ukusebenzisa umuthi omningi we-anticholinergic kungaholela ekuqulekeni noma nasekufeni. Le miphumela ingenzeka futhi uma uthatha ama-anticholinergics ngotshwala. Izimpawu zokudlula ngokweqile zifaka:

• isiyezi
• ukozela okukhulu
• imfiva
• ukusangana okukhulu
• ukudideka
• inkinga yokuphefumula
• ubudlwangudlwangu nenkulumo engacacile
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• ukuqhuma nokufudumala kwesikhumba

Uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma umuntu omaziyo uthathe kakhulu lo muthi, shayela udokotela wakho noma funa ukuholwa yi-American Association of Poison Control Centers ku-1-800-222-1222 noma ngethuluzi labo eliku-inthanethi.

Uma izimpawu zakho zinzima, shayela ku-911 noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze ngokushesha.

Izimo eziphikisanayo

I-Anticholinergics ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo eziningi, kepha akuzona ezewo wonke umuntu. Isibonelo, le mithi ayijwayele ukunikezwa abantu asebekhulile.

Ama-anticholinergics ayaziwa ukuthi adala ukudideka, ukulahleka kwememori, kanye nokusebenza kwengqondo okuba kubi kubantu asebekhulile kuneminyaka engama-65. Eqinisweni, okwakamuva kuxhumanise ukusetshenziswa kwe-anticholinergics nengozi eyengeziwe yokuwohloka komqondo.

Futhi, abantu abanezimo ezilandelayo akufanele basebenzise i-anticholinergics:

• myasthenia gravis
• i-hyperthyroidism
• i-glaucoma
• i-prostate ekhulisiwe
• umfutho wegazi ophezulu (umfutho wegazi ophakeme)
• ukuvinjelwa komgudu womchamo
• ukukhuphuka kwenhliziyo (tachycardia)
• ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo
• umlomo owomile kakhulu
• i-hernia yokuzalwa
• ukuqunjelwa okukhulu
• isifo sesibindi
• I-Down syndrome

Tshela udokotela wakho uma unanoma iyiphi yalezi zimo. Futhi, tshela udokotela wakho uma unomlando wokungezwani komzimba ne-anticholinergics.

I-American Geriatrics Society incoma ngokuqinile ukuthi kugwenywe ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokulwa ne-anticholinergic kubantu abadala asebekhulile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abantu abadala bangase babe namathuba amaningi okuthola imiphumela emibi engadingeki kunabantu abasha.

Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo

Noma usebenzisa lo muthi kahle, imiphumela emibi ingenzeka. Imiphumela emibi engaba khona ye-anticholinergics incike kumuthi othize nomthamo owuthathayo.

Imiphumela emibi ingafaka:

• umlomo owomile
• ukungaboni kahle
• ukuqunjelwa
• ukozela
• ukuthambisa
• ukusangana
• izinkinga zememori
• inkinga yokuchama
• ukudideka
• i-delirium
• kwehle ukujuluka
• ukuncipha kwamathe

we-anticholinergics, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwalezi zidakamizwa ku, kuxhunyaniswe nengozi eyengeziwe yokuwohloka komqondo. Uma unikezwe omunye wale mithi futhi unezinkinga ngale ngozi, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho

I-Anticholinergics ingasetshenziswa ukwelapha izimo ezahlukahlukene. Uma ucabanga ukuthi enye yale mithi ingakusiza, khuluma nodokotela wakho.

Udokotela wakho anganquma ukuthi ukwelashwa nge-anticholinergic kungaba yindlela enhle kuwe. Bangakwazi futhi ukuphendula noma imiphi imibuzo onayo mayelana:

• izingozi
• okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo
• ongakulindela ngokwelashwa

Okubalulekile

Izidakamizwa ze-Anticholinergic zivimba isenzo se-neurotransmitter esibizwa nge-acetylcholine. Lokhu kuvimbela imizwa yezinzwa ebhekele ukunyakaza kwemisipha okungazibandakanyi nemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yomzimba.

Le mithi ingaphatha izimo ezahlukahlukene, kusuka esinyeni esisebenza ngokweqile kuya ekuphazamisekeni okungapheli kwesifo samaphaphu.