Iphaneli ye-Antinuclear Antibody (ANA Test)

-Delile

• Kudingeka nini iphaneli yama-anti-nyukliya?
• Ngabe ngidinga ukulungiselela isivivinyo?
• Yini engingayilindela phakathi kwephaneli le-ANA?
• Ingabe zikhona izingozi ngokuhlolwa?
• Ukuhumusha imiphumela

Liyini iphaneli yama-anti-nuclear?

Ama-antibody amaprotheni enziwe amasosha akho omzimba. Zisiza umzimba wakho ukubona nokulwa nezifo. Ama-antibody ngokuvamile abhekisa ezintweni eziyingozi, njengamagciwane kanye nama-virus, ngokwenza amasosha omzimba asebenze ukuwaqeda.

Kwesinye isikhathi amasosha omzimba aqondise ngephutha amaseli nezicubu zakho ezinempilo. Lokhu kwaziwa njengempendulo ezenzakalelayo. Ama-antibody ahlasela amaprotheni anempilo ngaphakathi kwe-nucleus - isikhungo sokulawula amaseli akho - abizwa ngokuthi ama-antinuclear antibodies (ANA).

Lapho umzimba uthola izibonakaliso zokuzihlasela, ungadala izifo ezizimele zomzimba ezifana ne-lupus, scleroderma, izifo ezixubene zezicubu, i-autoimmune hepatitis, nezinye. Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka ngezifo, kepha zingabandakanya ukuqubuka, ukuvuvukala, isifo samathambo noma ukukhathala.

Yize kuyinto ejwayelekile ukuba ne-ANA ethile, ukuba nalawa maprotheni amaningi kakhulu kuwuphawu lwesifo esisebenza ngokuzimela. Iphaneli le-ANA lisiza ukunquma izinga le-ANA egazini lakho. Ungaba nesifo sokuzimela uma izinga liphakeme. Kodwa-ke, izimo ezinjengokutheleleka, umdlavuza, nezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha nakho kungaholela ekuhlolweni okuhle kwe-ANA.

Kudingeka nini iphaneli yama-anti-nyukliya?

Udokotela wakho kungenzeka a-ode iphaneli ye-ANA uma unezimpawu noma izimpawu zesifo esizimele. Ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA kungakhombisa ukuthi unohlobo oluthile lwesimo se-autoimmune, kodwa ngeke isetshenziselwe ukuxilonga ukuphazamiseka okuthile. Uma ukuhlolwa kwakho kubuya nomphumela omuhle, udokotela wakho uzodinga ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe nokuningiliziwe ukuthola ukuthi isifo esizimele yini esidala izimpawu zakho.

Ngabe ngidinga ukulungiselela isivivinyo?

Akukho ukulungiselela okudingekayo kuphaneli ye-ANA.Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi utshele udokotela wakho nganoma imiphi imithi noma izithasiselo ozithathayo, ngisho naphezu kwamanani. Eminye imishanguzo, njengokutholwa okuthile kanye nemithi yenhliziyo, kungathinta ukunemba kwesivivinyo.

Yini engingayilindela phakathi kwephaneli le-ANA?

Iphaneli le-ANA lifana nokunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi. I-phlebotomist (uchwepheshe owenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi) uzobopha ibhande lokunwebeka engalweni yakho engenhla ukuze imithambo yakho igcwale igazi. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuthi bathole umthambo.

Ngemuva kokuhlanza isiza nge-antiseptic, bazofaka inaliti emthanjeni. Ungase uzwe ubuhlungu obulinganiselayo lapho inaliti ingena, kodwa isivivinyo ngokwaso asibuhlungu.

Igazi bese liqoqwa kushubhu enamathiselwe enalithini. Lapho igazi seliqoqiwe, i-phlebotomist izosusa inaliti emthanjeni wakho bese imboza indawo yokubhoboza.

Ezinganeni noma ezinganeni, i-lancet (isikhumba esincane esincane) ingasetshenziselwa ukubhoboza isikhumba, futhi igazi lingaqoqwa kushubhu encane ebizwa nge-pipette. Kungabuye iqoqwe kumugqa wokuhlola.

Igazi bese lithunyelwa elebhu ukuyohlolwa.

Ingabe zikhona izingozi ngokuhlolwa?

Izingozi zokwenza iphaneli le-ANA zincane. Abantu abanemithambo okunzima ukuyifinyelela bangazithola bengakhululekile kakhulu kunabanye ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi. Ezinye izingozi zingabandakanya:

• ukopha ngokweqile
• ukutheleleka endaweni yokubhoboza
• ukuquleka
• i-hematoma (ukwakha igazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba)

Ukuhumusha imiphumela

Ukuhlolwa okungekuhle kusho ukuthi izifo ezithile ezizimele mancane amathuba okuthi zibe khona. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izivivinyo zisengadingeka ngokuya ngezimpawu zakho. Abanye abantu abanezifo ezizimele zomzimba bangathola imiphumela yokuhlolwa engemihle ye-ANA kodwa inezilonda kwamanye ama-antibodies.

Ukuhlolwa okukhombisa ukuthi une-ANA kusho ukuthi unamazinga aphezulu e-ANA egazini lakho. Ukuhlolwa okuhle kwe-ANA kuvame ukubikwa njengokubili isilinganiso (esibizwa nge-titer) nephethini, njengokubushelelezi noma okunamachashazi. Izifo ezithile kungenzeka ukuthi zibe namaphethini athile.

Ngokuphakama kwesihloko, cishe umphumela uba umphumela "weqiniso omuhle", okusho ukuthi unama-ANAs abalulekile kanye nesifo sokuzivikela komzimba.

Isibonelo, ngokwesilinganiso se-1: 40 noma i-1: 80, amathuba okuba nesifo sokuzimela komzimba abhekwa njengaphansi. Isilinganiso esingu-1: 640 noma ngaphezulu sikhombisa amathuba amakhulu okuba nenkinga yokuzilimaza komzimba, kepha imiphumela izodinga ukuhlaziywa ngudokotela nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe okwenziwe ukuthola isiphetho.

Kodwa-ke, umphumela omuhle awusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi unesifo sokuzimela. Kuze kube ngamaphesenti ayi-15 abantu abaphilile ngokuphelele abahlolwa ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA. Lokhu kubizwa ngomphumela wokuhlolwa okungelona iqiniso. Iziqu ze-ANA nazo zingakhula ngokuya kweminyaka kubantu abaphilile, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngezimpawu zakho nokuthi umphumela wakho usho ukuthini kuwe.

Uma udokotela wakho oyinhloko eyalile ukuhlolwa, bangancoma ukudluliselwa ku-rheumatologist - uchwepheshe wezifo ezizimele - ukuze abuyekeze noma yimiphi imiphumela engavamile ye-ANA. Imvamisa zingasiza ukuthola ukuthi imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakho ihlobene yini nesimo esithile.

Ukuhlolwa okuhle kwe-ANA kukodwa akukwazi ukuthola isifo esithile. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimo ezihlotshaniswa nokuhlolwa okuhle kwe-ANA zifaka:

• i-systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus): isifo se-autoimmune esingathinta izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zomzimba wakho, kufaka phakathi inhliziyo, izinso, amalunga nesikhumba
• i-autoimmune hepatitis: ukuphazamiseka okuzenzakalelayo okubangela ukuvuvukala kwesibindi, kanye nokuqubuka, ubuhlungu bamalunga, ukukhathala, ukungathandi ukudla, kanye nesicanucanu
• i-rheumatoid arthritis: isifo se-autoimmune esibangela ukubhujiswa okuhlangene, ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala nokuqina kwamalunga futhi kuthinte amaphaphu, inhliziyo, amehlo nezinye izitho zomzimba
• I-Sjögren syndrome: ukuphazamiseka okuzenzakalelayo okuthinta izindlala zamathe nezomlomo, ezikhiqiza amathe nezinyembezi
• scleroderma: isifo sokuzilimaza esithinta isikhumba kanye nezinye izicubu ezixhumanayo kepha singathinta nezitho
• isifo segciwane le-autoimmune: uhla lwezimo ezithinta i-thyroid yakho, kufaka phakathi i-hypothyroidism ne-hyperthyroidism
• i-polymyositis noma i-dermatomyositis: izimo ezizimele ezenza ubuhlungu, ubuthakathaka, nokuvuvukala kwemisipha, futhi kungafaka ukuqubuka

Amalebhu angahluka kumazinga awo ukuze kuhlolwe okuhle. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuthi amazinga akho asho ukuthini nokuthi izimpawu zakho zingachazwa kanjani ngokuba khona kwe-ANA. Uma ukuhlolwa kwakho kwe-ANA kubuya kukuhle, udokotela wakho uzodinga ukwenza izivivinyo eziningi ukuze asize ukunquma ukuthi imiphumela ihlobene yini nesimo esithile.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA kusiza kakhulu ekutholeni i-lupus. Abantu abangaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-95 abane-lupus bazothola imiphumela emihle yokuhlolwa kwe-ANA. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu othola imiphumela yokuhlolwa okuhle ene-lupus, futhi hhayi wonke umuntu one-lupus ozoba nomphumela wokuhlolwa omuhle. Ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA akukwazi ukusetshenziswa njengendlela okuyiyo kuphela yokuxilongwa.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa okungeziwe okungenziwa ukuthola ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini imbangela eyengeziwe yokwanda kwe-ANA egazini lakho.