I-Ascariasis: Izimbangela, Izimpawu, kanye Nokwelapha

-Delile

• Kuyini ascariasis?
• Yini ebangela ukutheleleka nge-ascariasis?
• Ziyini izimpawu ze-ascariasis?
• Indlela yokuphila yesibungu esiyisiyingi
• Ubani osengozini ye-ascariasis?
• Yiziphi izinkinga ze-ascariasis?
• I-ascariasis itholakala kanjani?
• Yelashwa kanjani i-ascariasis?
• Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside wesifo se-ascariasis?

Kuyini ascariasis?

I-Ascariasis ukutheleleka kwamathumbu amancane okubangelwa I-Ascaris lumbricoides, okuluhlobo lwesibungu esiyisiyingi.

Izikelemu eziwuhlobo oluthile lwesikelemu esiyisinanakazana. Izifo ezibangelwa yizikelemu zivame kakhulu. I-Ascariasis yisifo sesibungu esijwayeleke kakhulu. Mayelana nezwe elisathuthuka litheleleka ngezikelemu zamathumbu, ngokusho kweWorld Health Organisation (WHO).

Kodwa-ke, ukutheleleka kwe-worm parasitic akuvamile e-United States, ngokusho kwe-.

I-Ascariasis ivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezingenakho ukuthuthwa kwendle kwanamuhla. Abantu bathola lo gciwane ngokudla nangamanzi angaphephile. Ukutheleleka kuvame ukudala kungabikho zimpawu, kepha isibalo esiphezulu sezibungu eziyindilinga (ukutheleleka okunzima) kungaholela ezinkingeni emaphashini noma emathunjini.

Yini ebangela ukutheleleka nge-ascariasis?

Ungatheleleka nge-ascariasis ngemuva kokufaka ngephutha amaqanda we Ama-lumbricoides isibungu esiyisiyingi. Amaqanda atholakala enhlabathini engcoliswe indle yomuntu noma ukudla okungaphekiwe okungcoliswe inhlabathi equkethe amaqanda ezikelemu eziyizikelemu.

Izingane zivame ukutheleleka uma zifaka izandla zazo emilonyeni yazo ngemuva kokudlala enhlabathini engcolile, ngokusho kwe-WHO. I-Ascariasis nayo ingadluliselwa ngqo isuke kumuntu iye komunye umuntu.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-ascariasis?

Abantu abane-ascariasis kaningi abanazo izimpawu. Izimpawu ziqapheleka kakhulu lapho kukhula umbandamu oyindilinga.

Izikelemu eziyindilinga emaphashini akho zingadala:

• ukukhwehlela noma ukuvala umlomo
• ukuphefumula noma ukuphefumula okuncane

• i-aspiration pneumonia (kuyaqabukela)
• igazi ku-mucus
• Ukungaphatheki kahle kwesifuba
• imfiva

Izikelemu eziyindilinga emathunjini akho zingadala:

• isicanucanu
• ukuhlanza
• indle engajwayelekile noma isifo sohudo
• ukuvinjelwa kwamathumbu, okubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu nokuhlanza
• ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• izikelemu ezibonakalayo esitulweni
• ukungakhululeki esiswini noma ubuhlungu
• ukuncipha komzimba
• ukukhubazeka kokukhula ezinganeni ngenxa ye-malabsorption

Abanye abantu abane-infestation enkulu bangaba nezinye izimpawu, njengokukhathala nomkhuhlane. Ukutheleleka okukhulu kungadala ukungakhululeki okukhulu. Ungaba nazo zonke noma eziningi zalezi zimpawu ezingenhla uma ungatholi ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Indlela yokuphila yesibungu esiyisiyingi

Ngemuva kokungenisa, i- Ama-lumbricoides isibungu esizalanayo sizala ngaphakathi kwamathumbu akho. Isibungu sihamba ngezigaba eziningana:

• Amaqanda agwinyiwe aqala achanyiselwa emathunjini.
• Izibungu bese zidlula egazini ziye emaphashini akho.
• Ngemuva kokuvuthwa, izikelemu ziyashiya amaphaphu akho ziye emphinjeni wakho.
• Uzokhwehlela noma ugwinye izikelemu ezisemphinjeni wakho. Izikelemu ezigwinyiwe zizobuyela emathunjini akho.
• Uma sezibuyele emathunjini akho, izikelemu zizokhwelana zibeke amaqanda amaningi.
• Umjikelezo uyaqhubeka. Amanye amaqanda akhishwa ngendle yakho. Amanye amaqanda ayaqandusela abuyele emaphashini.

Ubani osengozini ye-ascariasis?

Isibungu esiyindilinga sitholakala emhlabeni wonke, kodwa sitholakala kaningi ezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezifudumele, kufaka phakathi iLatin America kanye ne-sub-Saharan Africa. Kuvame kakhulu nasezindaweni lapho ukuthuthwa kwendle kuyinto embi.

Izici zobungozi kwezemvelo ze-ascariasis zifaka:

• ukuntuleka kwengqalasizinda yesimanje yenhlanzeko nokuthuthwa kwendle
• ukusetshenziswa kwendle yomuntu kumanyolo
• ukuhlala noma ukuvakashela isimo sezulu esishisayo noma esishisayo
• ukuchayeka endaweni lapho ukungcola kungangena khona

Unganciphisa ukuvezwa kwakho kwizikelemu ngokugwema ukudla namanzi okungaphephile. Ukugcina indawo ohlala kuyo ihlanzekile nakho kuyasiza. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izingubo zokuwasha ezivezwe ezimeni ezingcolile kanye nokuhlanza izindawo zokupheka kahle.

Kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo zokuphepha uma uvakashela indawo ekude. Kubalulekile uku:

• Hlanza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho namanzi ngaphambi kokudla noma ukulungisa ukudla.
• Bilisa noma uhlunge amanzi akho.
• Hlola izindawo zokulungiselela ukudla.
• Gwema izindawo ezingcolile ezivamile zokugeza.
• Cwecwa noma upheke imifino nezithelo ezingageziwe ezifundeni ezingenayo ingqalasizinda yokukhucululwa kwendle noma ezisebenzisa indle yabantu kumanyolo.

Izingane ezineminyaka emi-3 kuya kwengu-8 zinamathuba amaningi okuthi zitheleleke ngenxa yokuthintana kwazo nomhlabathi ngenkathi zidlala.

Yiziphi izinkinga ze-ascariasis?

Izimo eziningi ze-ascariasis zimnene futhi azibangeli izinkinga ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, izifo ezinzima zingasakazeka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba futhi ziholele ezinkingeni eziyingozi, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuvaleka kwamathumbu. Ukuvaleka kwamathumbu kwenzeka lapho isisindo sezibungu sivimba amathumbu akho, kubangele ubuhlungu obukhulu nokuhlanza. Ukuvinjelwa kwamathumbu kubhekwa njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha futhi kudinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.
• I-Duct block. Ukuvinjelwa komgudu kwenzeka lapho izibungu zivimba izindlela ezincane eziya esibindini sakho noma amanyikwe.
• Ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo. Ukutheleleka okuholela ekulahlekelweni isifiso sokudla nokungamuncwa kahle kwezakhamzimba kubeka izingane engcupheni yokungazitholi izakhamzimba ezanele, ezingathinta ukukhula kwazo.

Izingane zinamathuba amaningi okuba nezinkinga zamathumbu ngoba ubukhulu obuncane bamathumbu abo bonyusa amathuba abo okuvaleka kwamathumbu.

I-ascariasis itholakala kanjani?

Odokotela ngokuvamile benza ukuxilongwa ngokuhlola isampula lendle yama-parasites kanye ne-ova (amaqanda). Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi une-ascariasis, uzokucela isampula lesitulo kuwe.

Uma uthola ukuthi une-ascariasis, ungahle udinge izivivinyo eziningi, ezinjengalezi zivivinyo ze-imaging:

• I-X-ray
• Iskena se-CT
• i-ultrasound
• Ukuskena kwe-MRI
• i-endoscopy, okubandakanya ukusebenzisa ikhamera encane ukubuka ngaphakathi komzimba wakho

Ukuhlola izithombe kungakhombisa ukuthi zingaki izibungu ezikhule zavuthwa nalapho amaqembu amakhulu ezikelemu engaphakathi komzimba.

Ukuhlola ubungozi bakho bezinkinga, kubalulekile ukuthi udokotela wakho anqume ukuthi usutheleleke isikhathi esingakanani.

Yelashwa kanjani i-ascariasis?

Odokotela bavame ukwelapha izikelemu eziyizidambisi ngemithi elwa nokuqhekeka kwezifo. Imithi esetshenziswa kakhulu ifaka phakathi:

• i-albendazole (Albenza)
• ivermectin (Stromectol)
• i-mebendazole (Vermox)

Uma unecala eliphambili, ungadinga olunye ukwelashwa. Udokotela wakho angancoma ukuhlinzwa ukuze ulawule ukukhulelwa okukhudlwana. Uzodinga ukuhlinzwa uma izikelemu zikuvimbela ngokuphelele amathumbu akho.

Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside wesifo se-ascariasis?

Abantu abaningi bayalulama ku-ascariasis ngokuphathwa okuncane. Izimpawu zingaphela ngisho nangaphambi kokuba zonke izibungu zihambe.

Kodwa-ke, i-ascariasis ingadala izingqinamba uma kunezifo ezinkulu. Uma ucabanga ukuthi ungenwe yizibungu eziyisiyingi, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho.

Indlela engcono yokugwema i-ascariasis yile:

• Ukuzijwayeza ukuhlanzeka okuhle. Lokho kusho ukuthi hlamba izandla njalo ngensipho namanzi ngaphambi kokudla noma ukuphatha ukudla, nangemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese. Fundisa izingane zakho ukwenza okufanayo.
• Ukudla kuphela ezindaweni ezinedumela elihle.
• Ukuphuza kuphela amanzi asemabhodleleni nokugwema izithelo nemifino eluhlaza ngaphandle kokuthi ukwazi ukugeza nokuzicwecwa uma usezindaweni ezingenazo izindlu zangasese zanamuhla.