Umlobi: Robert Simon
Usuku Lokudalwa: 15 Ujuni 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku: 20 Unovemba 2024
Anonim
Atherosclerosis (2009)
Ividiyo: Atherosclerosis (2009)

-Delile

Kuyini i-atherosclerosis?

I-atherosclerosis ukuncipha kwemithambo ebangelwa uqweqwe olwakhiwe. Imithambo yegazi yimithambo yegazi ethwala umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba ezisuka enhliziyweni yakho ziye kuwo wonke umzimba wakho.

Njengoba ukhula, amafutha, i-cholesterol, ne-calcium zingaqoqa emithanjeni yakho bese zakha uqweqwe. Ukwakheka kophahla kukwenza kube nzima ukuba igazi ligeleze emithanjeni yakho. Lokhu kwakha kungenzeka kunoma yimuphi umthambo emzimbeni wakho, kufaka phakathi inhliziyo yakho, imilenze, nezinso.

Kungabangela ukushoda kwegazi ne-oxygen ezicutshini ezahlukahlukene zomzimba wakho. Izingcezu zoqweqwe nazo zingaphuka, kubangele ukujiya kwegazi. Uma ishiywe ingalashwa, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi kungaholela ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi noma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo.

I-atherosclerosis yinkinga ejwayelekile ehambisana nokuguga. Lesi simo singavinjelwa futhi kunezindlela eziningi zokwelashwa eziphumelelayo ezikhona.


UTHI BEWAZI?

I-atherosclerosis uhlobo lwe-arteriosclerosis, okunye okubizwa ngokuthi ukuqina kwemithambo. Amagama isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi futhi i-arteriosclerosis kwesinye isikhathi isetshenziswa ngokungafani.

Yini ebangela i-atherosclerosis?

Ukwakhiwa kweplaque nokuqina okulandelayo kwemithambo kuvimbela ukugeleza kwegazi emithanjeni, kuvimbela izitho zakho nezicubu zakho ekutholeni igazi elinomoya-mpilo ezidinga ukuthi zisebenze.

Lokhu okulandelayo kuyimbangela ejwayelekile yokuqina kwemithambo yegazi:

I-cholesterol ephezulu

I-cholesterol yinto emuncu, ephuzi etholakala ngokwemvelo emzimbeni kanye nokudla okuthile okudlayo.

Uma amazinga e-cholesterol egazini lakho ephakeme kakhulu, angavala imithambo yakho yegazi. Iba uqweqwe oluqinile oluvimba noma oluvimbele ukujikeleza kwegazi liye enhliziyweni yakho nakwezinye izitho zomzimba.

Ukudla

Kubalulekile ukudla ukudla okunempilo. I-American Heart Association (AHA) incoma ukuthi ulandele iphethini yokudla enempilo jikelele lokho kugcizelela:


  • izithelo nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi
  • okusanhlamvu okuphelele
  • imikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha amancane
  • izinkukhu nezinhlanzi, ngaphandle kwesikhumba
  • amantongomane nemidumba
  • uwoyela wemifino ongeyona eyasezindaweni ezishisayo, njenge-olive noma i-sunflower

Amanye amathiphu wokudla:

  • Gwema ukudla neziphuzo ezinoshukela ongeziwe, njengeziphuzo ezinoshukela, uswidi, kanye nophudingi. I-AHA incoma amathisipuni angaphezu kwayi-6 noma ama-calories ayi-100 kashukela ngosuku kwabesifazane abaningi, futhi awekho amathisipuni ayi-9 noma ama-calories ayi-150 ngosuku kwabesilisa abaningi.
  • Gwema ukudla okunosawoti omningi. Hlela ukuthi ungabi nama-milligram angaphezu kuka-2,300 (mg) we-sodium ngosuku. Okungakuhle, ungadli ngaphezu kuka-1,500 mg ngosuku.
  • Gwema ukudla okunamafutha angenampilo, njengama-trans fats. Faka esikhundleni samafutha angasetshenziswanga, okungcono kuwe. Uma udinga ukwehlisa i-cholesterol yegazi lakho, nciphisa amafutha agcwele angabi ngaphezu kwamaphesenti ama-5 kuye kwayisithupha wekhalori ephelele. Kumuntu odla ama-calories angu-2 000 ngosuku, lokho kungama-gramu ayi-13 amafutha agcwele.

Ukuguga

Njengoba ukhula, inhliziyo yakho nemithambo yegazi isebenza kanzima ukupompa nokwamukela igazi. Imithambo yakho yemithambo ingase ibe buthakathaka futhi ingabi nokunwebeka okuncane, okubenze babe sengozini yokwakheka ngoqwembe.


Ubani osengozini ye-atherosclerosis?

Ziningi izinto ezikubeka engcupheni ye-atherosclerosis. Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zingashintshwa, kanti ezinye azikwazi.

Umlando womndeni

Uma i-atherosclerosis isebenza emndenini wakho, ungaba sengozini yokuqina kwemithambo yegazi. Lesi simo, kanye nezinye izinkinga ezihlobene nenhliziyo, kungazuzwa njengefa.

Ukuntuleka kokuzivocavoca umzimba

Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo kuyilungele inhliziyo yakho. Kugcina imisipha yenhliziyo yakho iqinile futhi kukhuthaza umoya-mpilo nokugeleza kwegazi emzimbeni wakho wonke.

Ukuphila impilo yokuhlala kukhulisa ubungozi bezimo eziningi zezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi isifo senhliziyo.

Umfutho wegazi ophezulu

Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ungalimaza imithambo yakho yegazi ngokuyenza ibe buthakathaka kwezinye izindawo. I-cholesterol nezinye izinto ezisegazini lakho kunganciphisa ukuguquguquka kwemithambo yakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukubhema

Ukubhema imikhiqizo kagwayi kungalimaza imithambo yegazi nenhliziyo yakho.

Isifo sikashukela

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela banezigameko eziphakeme kakhulu zesifo se-coronary artery (CAD).

Ziyini izimpawu ze-atherosclerosis?

Izimpawu eziningi ze-atherosclerosis azibonisi kuze kufike ukuvimba. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zifaka:

  • ubuhlungu besifuba noma i-angina
  • ubuhlungu emlenzeni, engalweni, nanoma ikuphi lapho kunomthambo ovinjiwe khona
  • ukuphelelwa umoya
  • ukukhathala
  • ukudideka, okwenzeka uma ukuvinjelwa kuthinta ukusakazeka kobuchopho bakho
  • ubuthakathaka bemisipha emilenzeni yakho ngenxa yokushoda kwegazi

Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi. Zombili lezi zinto zingabangelwa i-atherosclerosis futhi zidinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo zifaka:

  • ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukungaphatheki kahle
  • ubuhlungu emahlombe, emuva, entanyeni, ezingalweni nasemhlathini
  • ubuhlungu besisu
  • ukuphelelwa umoya
  • ukujuluka
  • ubumhlophe
  • isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
  • umuzwa wenhlekelele ezayo

Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi zifaka:

  • ubuthakathaka noma ukuba ndikindiki ebusweni noma ezithweni
  • kunzima ukukhuluma
  • Inkinga yokuqonda inkulumo
  • izinkinga zokubona
  • ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi
  • ngokuzumayo, ikhanda elibi kakhulu

Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi zombili izimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha. Shayela u-911 noma abezimo eziphuthumayo zasendaweni yakho bese ufika egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela ngokushesha okukhulu uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zesifo senhliziyo noma sohlangothi.

Ihlolwe kanjani i-atherosclerosis?

Udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba uma unezimpawu ze-atherosclerosis. Bazohlola:

  • i-pulse ebuthakathaka
  • i-aneurysm, ukuqhuma okungajwayelekile noma ukunwetshwa komthambo ngenxa yobuthakathaka bodonga lwemithambo
  • ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda, okukhombisa ukugeleza kwegazi okunqatshelwe

Udokotela wenhliziyo angalalela inhliziyo yakho ukuze abone ukuthi unayo yini imisindo engajwayelekile. Bazobe belalele umsindo oshintshashintshayo, okhombisa ukuthi umthambo uvinjiwe. Udokotela wakho uzo-oda izivivinyo eziningi uma ecabanga ukuthi ungaba ne-atherosclerosis.

Ukuhlolwa kungafaka:

  • ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola amazinga akho e-cholesterol
  • i-Doppler ultrasound, esebenzisa amagagasi omsindo ukwakha isithombe somthambo okhombisa ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukuvimba
  • inkomba ye-ankle-brachial (ABI), ebheka ukuvinjelwa ezingalweni noma emilenzeni yakho ngokuqhathanisa umfutho wegazi emlenzeni ngamunye
  • i-magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) noma i-computed tomography angiography (CTA) ukwakha izithombe zemithambo emikhulu emzimbeni wakho
  • i-angiogram yenhliziyo, okuluhlobo lwesifuba se-X-ray esithathwa ngemuva kokuba imithambo yenhliziyo yakho ijojowe ngudayi okhipha imisebe
  • i-electrocardiogram (ECG noma i-EKG), ekala umsebenzi kagesi enhliziyweni yakho ukubheka noma yiziphi izindawo zokwehla kwegazi
  • ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi, noma ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela ukuvivinya umzimba, okuhlola izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho nomfutho wegazi ngenkathi uzivivinya esitimeleni noma ngebhayisikili elimile

Yelashwa kanjani i-atherosclerosis?

Ukwelashwa kubandakanya ukushintsha indlela ophila ngayo njengamanje ukwehlisa inani lamafutha nele-cholesterol oyisebenzisayo. Ungadinga ukuzivocavoca umzimba ukuze uthuthukise impilo yenhliziyo yakho nemithambo yegazi.

Ngaphandle kokuthi i-atherosclerosis yakho inzima, udokotela wakho angancoma izinguquko zendlela yokuphila njengomugqa wokuqala wokwelashwa. Ungadinga futhi ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa, njengemithi noma ukuhlinzwa.

Imithi

Imithi ingasiza ekuvimbeleni i-atherosclerosis ukuthi ingabi kubi.

Imithi yokwelapha i-atherosclerosis ifaka:

  • imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol, kufaka phakathi ama-statins nama-fibrate
  • i-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, engasiza ukuvimbela ukuncipha kwemithambo yakho
  • ama-beta-blockers noma ama-calcium channel blockers ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi
  • isisu, noma amaphilisi amanzi, ukusiza ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi
  • ama-anticoagulants nemithi elwa namagciwane efana ne-aspirin ukuvimbela igazi ekunqandeni nasekuvalweni kwemithambo yegazi

I-Aspirin isebenza ikakhulukazi kubantu abanomlando wesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi (isb., Isifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi). Uhlobo lwemithi ye-aspirin lunganciphisa ingozi yokuba nomunye umcimbi wezempilo.

Uma ungekho umlando wangaphambilini wesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, kufanele usebenzise i-aspirin kuphela njengomuthi wokuvimbela uma ingozi yokuphuma kwegazi iphansi futhi nengozi yakho yesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi iphakeme.

Ukuhlinzwa

Uma izimpawu zibucayi kakhulu noma uma izicubu zomzimba noma zesikhumba zisengozini, ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka.

Ukuhlinzwa okungenzeka ukwelashwa kwe-atherosclerosis kufaka:

  • ukudlula ukuhlinzwa, okubandakanya ukusebenzisa umkhumbi kusuka kwenye indawo emzimbeni wakho noma ithubhu lokwenziwa ukuze uphendukise igazi elizungeze umthambo wakho ovinjiwe noma omncane
  • ukwelashwa kwe-thrombolytic, okubandakanya ukuncibilika kwegazi ngokujova umuthi emthanjeni wakho othintekile
  • i-angioplasty, okubandakanya ukusebenzisa i-catheter nebhaluni ukwandisa umthambo wakho, kwesinye isikhathi kufakwa i-stent yokushiya umthambo uvulekile
  • i-endarterectomy, okubandakanya ukukhipha ngokucophelela amadiphozithi emthanjeni wakho
  • i-atherectomy, okubandakanya ukukhipha uqweqwe emithanjeni yakho ngokusebenzisa ipayipi elinensimbi ebukhali ekugcineni

Yini okufanele uyilindele esikhathini esizayo?

Ngokwelashwa, ungabona ukuthuthuka empilweni yakho, kepha lokhu kungathatha isikhathi. Impumelelo yokwelashwa kwakho izoncika kulokhu:

  • ubunzima besimo sakho
  • yelashwa ngokushesha kangakanani
  • ngabe ezinye izitho zithintekile yini

Ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi akukwazi ukuhlehliswa. Kodwa-ke, ukuphatha imbangela eyisisekelo nokwenza impilo enempilo kanye nezinguquko ekudleni kungasiza ekunciphiseni inqubo noma kuyivimbele ukuthi ibe yimbi kakhulu.

Kufanele usebenze ngokusondelene nodokotela wakho ukwenza izinguquko ezifanele zokuphila. Uzodinga futhi ukuthatha imithi efanele ukulawula isimo sakho nokugwema izinkinga.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezihambisana ne-atherosclerosis?

I-atherosclerosis ingadala:

  • ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo
  • isifo senhliziyo
  • isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile
  • unhlangothi
  • ukufa

Iphinde ihlotshaniswe nezifo ezilandelayo:

Isifo semithambo yegazi (CAD)

Imithambo yegazi yimithambo yegazi enikeza izicubu zemisipha yenhliziyo yakho ngeoksijini negazi. Isifo semithambo yegazi (CAD) senzeka lapho imithambo yegazi iba lukhuni.

Isifo semithambo yeCarotid

Imithambo ye-carotid itholakala entanyeni yakho futhi inikezela ngegazi ebuchosheni bakho.

Le mithambo ingahle iyekeleleke uma uqwembe luyanda ezindongeni zawo. Ukuntuleka kokujikeleza kunganciphisa ukuthi lingakanani igazi neoksijini elifinyelela izicubu namaseli obuchopho bakho. Funda kabanzi ngesifo somthambo we-carotid.

Isifo semithambo yegazi

Imilenze yakho, izingalo, nomzimba wakho ophansi kuncike emithanjeni yakho ukuze unikeze igazi nomoya-mpilo ezicutshini zawo. Imithambo eqinile ingadala izinkinga zokujikeleza kulezi zindawo zomzimba.

Isifo sezinso

Imithambo yegazi ihlinzeka igazi ezinsweni zakho. Izinso zihlunga imikhiqizo kadoti namanzi angeziwe egazini lakho.

I-atherosclerosis yale mithambo ingaholela ekuhlulekeni kwezinso.

Yikuphi ukushintsha kwendlela yokuphila okusiza ekwelapheni nasekuvimbeleni isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi?

Izinguquko zokuphila zingasiza ukuvimbela kanye nokwelapha i-atherosclerosis, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Izinguquko zokuphila ezisizayo zifaka:

  • ukudla ukudla okunempilo okunamafutha agcwele ne-cholesterol
  • ukugwema ukudla okunamafutha
  • ukwengeza izinhlanzi ekudleni kwakho kabili ngesonto
  • ukuthola okungenani imizuzu engama-75 yokuzivocavoca ngamandla noma imizuzu engu-150 yokuzivocavoca umzimba ngokulingene isonto ngalinye
  • ukuyeka ukubhema uma ubhema
  • ukuncipha uma ukhuluphele noma ukhuluphele
  • ukulawula ukucindezeleka
  • ukwelapha izimo ezihambisana ne-atherosclerosis, njenge-hypertension, i-cholesterol ephezulu nesifo sikashukela

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