Kuyini i-Auditory Processing Disorder (APD)?

-Delile

• Yini inkinga yokucubungula kokuzwa?
• Ziyini izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kokusebenza kokuzwa?
• Kutholakala kanjani ukuphazamiseka kokucubungula izindlebe?
• Indlela eyahlukene
• Ukuhlolwa kokuhlola
• Ziyini izimbangela zokuphazamiseka kokusebenza kokuzwa?
• Yelashwa kanjani inkinga yokucubungula izindlebe?
• Ukuqeqeshwa kokuhlola
• Amasu okuphoqelela
• Izinguquko endaweni yakho
• I-APD vs. i-dyslexia
• I-APD vs. i-autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
• Ukuthatha ukhiye

I-Auditory processing disorder (APD) yisimo sokuzwa lapho ubuchopho bakho bunenkinga yokucubungula imisindo. Lokhu kungathinta indlela oyiqonda ngayo inkulumo neminye imisindo endaweni yakho. Isibonelo, umbuzo othi, "Umbala onjani lombhede?" kungazwakala ngokuthi "Injani inkomo?"

Yize i-APD ingenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, izimpawu zivame ukuqala ebuntwaneni. Ingane ingabonakala ngathi izwa "ngokujwayelekile" kanti empeleni, inenkinga yokuhumusha nokusebenzisa imisindo ngendlela efanele.

Qhubeka ufunde ukuze uthole okwengeziwe nge-APD, izimpawu zayo, nokuthi kutholakala kanjani nokuthi yelashwa kanjani.

Yini inkinga yokucubungula kokuzwa?

Ukuzwa kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi. Amagagasi omsindo avela endaweni yethu angena ezindlebeni zethu lapho aguqulwa khona abe yimidumo endlebeni ephakathi.

Lapho ukudlidlizela kufinyelela endlebeni yangaphakathi, amaseli wezinzwa ahlukahlukene enza isignali kagesi ehamba ngenzwa ezwayo iye ebuchosheni. Ebuchosheni, lesi siginali siyahlaziywa futhi sicutshungulwe ukusenza umsindo ozokwazi ukuwubona.

Abantu abane-APD banenkinga ngalesi sinyathelo sokucubungula. Ngenxa yalokhu, banenkinga yokuqonda nokuphendula imisindo endaweni yabo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-APD iyinkinga yokuzwa.

Akuwona umphumela wezinye izimo ezingathinta ukuqonda noma ukunakwa, njenge-autism spectrum disorder (ASD) noma i-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Noma kunjalo, kwezinye izimo, i-APD ingenzeka kanye nalezi zimo.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kokusebenza kokuzwa?

Izimpawu ze-APD zingafaka:

• kunzima ukuqonda inkulumo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinomsindo noma lapho kukhulunywa ngaphezu komuntu oyedwa
• ngivame ukucela abantu ukuthi baphinde abakushilo noma baphendule ngamagama afana nokuthi "huh" noma "yini"
• ukungaqondi okushiwoyo
• ukudinga isikhathi eside sokuphendula ngesikhathi sengxoxo
• Kunenkinga yokutshela ukuthi umsindo uvelaphi
• izinkinga zokuhlukanisa phakathi kwemisindo efanayo
• ubunzima bokugxila noma ukunaka
• izinkinga zokulandela noma ukuqonda inkulumo esheshayo noma izinkomba eziyinkimbinkimbi
• unenkinga yokufunda noma ukujabulela umculo

Ngenxa yalezi zimpawu, labo abane-APD bangabonakala benenkinga yokuzwa. Kodwa-ke, ngoba inkinga ifaka ukucubungula imisindo, ukuhlolwa kuvame ukukhombisa ukuthi ikhono labo lokuzwa lijwayelekile.

Ngoba banenkinga yokucubungula nokuqonda imisindo, abantu abane-APD bavame ukuba nenkinga ngemisebenzi yokufunda, ikakhulukazi leyo ethulwa ngomlomo.

Kutholakala kanjani ukuphazamiseka kokucubungula izindlebe?

Ayikho inqubo ejwayelekile yokuxilonga i-APD. Ingxenye yokuqala yenqubo ifaka ukuthatha umlando ophelele.

Lokhu kungabandakanya ukuhlola izimpawu zakho nokuthi ziqale nini nokuhlola ukuthola ukuthi unazo yini izinto ezinobungozi ze-APD.

Indlela eyahlukene

Ngoba izimo eziningi zingafana noma zenzeke kanye ne-APD, indlela yokusebenzisa imikhakha eminingi isetshenziselwa ukwenza ukuxilongwa.

Lokhu kungasiza umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo akhiphe noma yiziphi ezinye izimbangela zesimo sakho.

Nazi izibonelo:

• I-audiologist ingenza izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene zokuzwa.
• Isazi sezengqondo singahlola ukusebenza kwengqondo.
• Uchwepheshe wolimi lokukhuluma angahlola amakhono akho okuxhumana ngomlomo nangokubhala.
• Othisha banganikeza impendulo nganoma yiziphi izinselelo zokufunda.

Ukuhlolwa kokuhlola

Sisebenzisa imininingwane iqembu elihlinzeka ngemikhakha ehlukahlukene elihlinzeka kusuka ezivivinyweni ezenziwe, isazi sezomsindo sizokwenza ukuxilongwa.

Ezinye izibonelo zezinhlobo zokuhlolwa abangazisebenzisa zifaka lezo:

• hlola ukuthi isimo sakho singenxa yokulahleka kokuzwa noma i-APD
• hlola ikhono lakho lokuzwa nokuqonda inkulumo ezimeni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ngomsindo wangemuva, inkulumo encintisanayo, nenkulumo esheshayo
• nquma ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukuthola izinguquko ezicashile emisindweni, njengokushintshwa ngamandla noma iphimbo
• gauge ikhono lakho lokubona amaphethini emisindweni
• sebenzisa ama-electrode ukuqapha imisebenzi yobuchopho bakho lapho usebenzisa amahedfoni ukulalela imisindo

Ziyini izimbangela zokuphazamiseka kokusebenza kokuzwa?

Akuqondakali ngokuphelele ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela i-APD. Kodwa-ke, kunezimbangela ezithile ezingaba khona noma izinto ezinobungozi ezitholakele.

Lokhu kungafaka:

• ukubambezeleka noma izinkinga ngokukhula kwendawo yobuchopho eqhuba imisindo
• izakhi zofuzo
• izinguquko zezinzwa ezihlobene nokuguga
• ukulimala kwemizwa okwenzeka ngenxa yezinto ezifana nezifo eziwohlozayo ezifana ne-multiple sclerosis, ukutheleleka okufana ne-meningitis, noma ukulimala ekhanda
• ukutheleleka okuphindelela kwezindlebe (i-otitis media)
• izinkinga ngesikhathi noma ngemuva nje kokuzalwa, kufaka phakathi ukungabi khona komoya-mpilo ebuchosheni, isisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi, ne-jaundice

Yelashwa kanjani inkinga yokucubungula izindlebe?

Ukwelashwa kwe-APD kwenzelwe izidingo zakho ngazinye ngokuya ngokuhlola okwenziwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokuxilonga.

Ukwelashwa kugxile ku:

• ikusiza ukuthi ufunde ukucubungula kangcono imisindo
• ukukufundisa amakhono okusiza ukukhokhela i-APD yakho
• ikusiza ukuthi wenze izinguquko endaweni yakho yokufunda noma yokusebenza ukuphatha kangcono isimo sakho

Ukuqeqeshwa kokuhlola

Ukuqeqeshwa kokuhlola kuyisisekelo esiyinhloko sokwelapha i-APD. Kungakusiza ukuthi uhlaziye kangcono imisindo.

Ukuqeqeshwa kokulalela kungenziwa nge-in-person, iseshini yomuntu ngamunye nomelaphi noma nge-inthanethi.

Ezinye izibonelo zokuzivocavoca zifaka:

• ukukhomba umehluko kwimisindo noma emaphethini wemisindo
• kunqunywa ukuthi umsindo uvelaphi
• ukugxila kwimisindo ethile lapho kukhona umsindo wangemuva

Amasu okuphoqelela

Amasu wokunxephezela ahlose ukuqinisa izinto ezinjengememori, ukunakwa, namakhono wokuxazulula izinkinga ukukusiza ukuphatha i-APD yakho. Izibonelo zamasu okubuyisela afundiswayo afaka:

• ukubikezela izinto ezingaba khona zengxoxo noma umyalezo
• usebenzisa izinsizakusebenza ukusiza ukuhlela ulwazi
• kufaka amasu okukhumbula njengamadivayisi we-mnemonic
• ukufunda izindlela ezisebenzayo zokulalela

Izinguquko endaweni yakho

Ukwenza izinguquko endaweni ezungezile kungakusiza futhi ukuphatha i-APD yakho. Ezinye izibonelo zezinguquko zemvelo zifaka:

• ukulungisa impahla yasendlini ukusiza ukulenza lingabi nomsindo kangako, njengokusebenzisa ukhaphethi esikhundleni sezitezi eziqinile
• ukugwema izinto ezidala umsindo wangemuva, njengabalandeli, imisakazo, noma ama-TV
• ukuhlala eduze nomthombo womsindo ezimeni lapho ukuxhumana kudingeka khona, njengomhlangano webhizinisi noma ekilasini
• ukusebenzisa izinsiza kufundisa ekilasini kunokukhuluma nje
• kufaka ubuchwepheshe obusizayo njengohlelo lomuntu siqu lwe-frequency-modulated (FM), olusebenzisa imakrofoni nesamukeli ukuletha imisindo ngqo kusuka kumthombo womsindo ezindlebeni zakho

I-APD vs. i-dyslexia

I-Dyslexia uhlobo lokuphazamiseka kokufunda olubonakala ngokuba nenkinga yokufunda.

Le nkinga ifaka ubunzima ngezinto ezifana nalezi:

• ukukhomba amagama
• imisindo yenkulumo ehambisanayo nezinhlamvu namagama
• ukuqonda lokho okufundile
• ukuhumusha amagama abhalwe enkulumweni

I-Dyslexia ifana ne-APD ngokuthi abantu abane-dyslexia banenkinga yokucubungula imininingwane.

Kodwa-ke, esikhundleni sokuthinta ingxenye yobuchopho elawula imisindo, i-dyslexia ithinta ingxenye yobuchopho ehlaziya ulimi.

Njenge-APD, abantu abane-dyslexia nabo bangaba nenkinga ngemisebenzi yokufunda, ikakhulukazi leyo misebenzi ebandakanya ukufunda, ukubhala, noma isipelingi.

I-APD vs. i-autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

I-ASD wuhlobo lokuphazamiseka kokukhula okuthinta kokubili ukuziphatha komuntu kanye nokukwazi kwakhe ukuxhumana.

Izimpawu ze-ASD zehlela ezigabeni ezimbili:

• unenkinga yokuxhumana noma ukuxhumana nabanye
• ukwenza isimilo esiphindaphindwayo futhi uvinjelwe kakhulu, izintshisekelo ezithile

I-ASD ingahluka kakhulu phakathi kwabantu - kuzo zombili izimpawu ezikhona kanye nobukhulu bazo. Isimo singathinta izinqubo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukuphendula imisindo noma ulimi olukhulunywayo.

Kodwa-ke, umuntu one-ASD onenkinga yokucubungula noma ukuqonda imisindo evela endaweni yakhe akanayo i-APD.

Lesi sibonakaliso kungenzeka ukuthi singenxa yemiphumela yomhlaba ye-ASD ngokungafani nesimo sokuzwa njenge-APD.

Ukuthatha ukhiye

I-APD ukuphazamiseka kokuzwa lapho ubuchopho bakho bunenkinga yokucubungula imisindo.

Abantu abane-APD bavame ukuba nezinkinga:

• inkulumo eqondayo
• ukutshela umehluko phakathi kwemisindo
• kunqunywa ukuthi umsindo uvelaphi

Akukaziwa ukuthi yini ebangela i-APD. Kodwa-ke, kutholakale izinto ezahlukahlukene ezingadlala indima, kufaka phakathi:

• izingqinamba zentuthuko
• ukulimala kwemizwa
• izakhi zofuzo

Ukuhlonza i-APD kuhilela iqembu lochwepheshe abahlukahlukene.

Ukwelashwa kwe-APD kunqunywa ngokwamacala ngamacala.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzosebenza eduze nawe noma nengane yakho ukwenza uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele ngokuya ngezidingo zakho.