Umhlahlandlela Wokwelashwa Kwe-Autism

-Delile

• Ukuhlaziywa kokuziphatha okusetshenzisiwe
• Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo
• Ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono omphakathi
• Ukwelashwa kokuhlanganiswa okuzwakalayo
• Ukwelashwa emsebenzini
• Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo
• Imithi
• Kuthiwani ngezinye izindlela zokwelapha?
• Okubalulekile

Yini i-autism?

I-Autism spectrum disorder yisimo esithinta indlela umuntu aziphatha ngayo, ahlangana ngayo nabantu, noma asebenzelana ngayo nabanye. Kwakuvamise ukwehlukaniswa kwaba nezifo ezahlukahlukene njenge-Asperger's syndrome. Manje seliphathwa njengesimo esinezimpawu ezibanzi nobukhali.

Yize manje ibizwa nge-autism spectrum disorder, abantu abaningi basasebenzisa igama elithi "autism."

Alikho ikhambi le-autism, kepha izindlela eziningi zingasiza ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza komphakathi, ukufunda, kanye nekhwalithi yempilo yazo zombili izingane nabantu abadala abane-autism. Khumbula ukuthi i-autism yisimo esisekelwa kububanzi. Abanye abantu bangadinga ukwelashwa okuncane, kanti abanye bangadinga ukwelashwa okunamandla.

Kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi ucwaningo oluningi mayelana nokwelashwa kwe-autism lugxile ezinganeni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi okukhona kusikisela ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kakhulu lapho kuqalwa ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engu-3. Noma kunjalo, izindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezenzelwe izingane zingasiza nabantu abadala.

Funda ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwelapha i-autism.

Ukuhlaziywa kokuziphatha okusetshenzisiwe

Ukuhlaziywa kokuziphatha okusetshenzisiwe (i-ABA) kungenye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokwelapha i-autism kubantu abadala nezingane. Kubhekiswa ochungechungeni lwamasu aklanyelwe ukukhuthaza isimilo esihle kusetshenziswa uhlelo lokuvuza.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-ABA, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuqeqeshwa kwe-discrete okuhlukile. Le ndlela isebenzisa uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ukukhuthaza ukufunda ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo. Ukuziphatha okulungile nezimpendulo kuyavuzwa, futhi amaphutha awanakwa.
• Ukungenelela kokuqala kokuziphatha. Izingane, ngokuvamile ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu, zisebenza zodwa nomelaphi noma eqenjini elincane. Imvamisa kwenziwa phakathi neminyaka eminingana ukusiza ingane ithuthukise amakhono okuxhumana futhi inciphise isimilo esinenkinga, kufaka phakathi ulaka noma ukuzilimaza.
• Ukuqeqeshwa okubalulekile kokuphendula. Leli isu elisetshenziswa endaweni yomuntu yansuku zonke efundisa amakhono abalulekile, njengokugqugquzela ukufunda noma ukuqala ukuxhumana.
• Ukungenelela kokuziphatha ngomlomo. Umelaphi usebenza nomuntu ukubasiza baqonde ukuthi kungani abantu belusebenzisa kanjani ulimi ukuxhumana nokuthola izinto abazidingayo.
• Ukuxhaswa kokuziphatha okuhle. Lokhu kufaka ukwenza izinguquko kwezemvelo ekhaya noma ekilasini ukuze wenze isimilo esihle sizizwe sinomvuzo.

Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo

Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT) wuhlobo lokwelashwa kokukhuluma okungaba ukwelashwa kwe-autism okusebenzayo kwezingane nabantu abadala. Ngesikhathi sezikhathi ze-CBT, abantu bafunda ngokuxhumana phakathi kwemizwa, imicabango, nokuziphatha. Lokhu kungasiza ekuboneni imicabango nemizwa ebangela ukungaziphathi kahle.

Ukusikisela ukuthi i-CBT izuzisa kakhulu ekusizeni abantu abane-autism ukuphatha ukukhathazeka. Kungabasiza futhi ukuthi babone kangcono imizwa kwabanye futhi babhekane kangcono nezimo zenhlalo.

Ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono omphakathi

Ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono omphakathi (i-SST) kuyindlela yokuthi abantu, ikakhulukazi izingane, bathuthukise amakhono ezenhlalo. Kwabanye abantu abane-autism, ukuxhumana nabanye kunzima kakhulu. Lokhu kungaholela ezinseleleni eziningi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Umuntu owenza iSST ufunda amakhono ayisisekelo omphakathi, kufaka phakathi ukuthi angaqhubeka kanjani nengxoxo, aqonde amahlaya, futhi afunde izinkomba zemizwa. Ngenkathi isetshenziswa kakhulu ezinganeni, i-SST ingasebenza futhi entsheni nasebekhulile abaseminyakeni yabo engama-20.

Ukwelashwa kokuhlanganiswa okuzwakalayo

Abantu abane-autism kwesinye isikhathi bathinteka ngokungajwayelekile ngokufakwa kwezinzwa, njengokubona, umsindo, noma iphunga. Ukwelashwa kokuhlanganiswa komphakathi kusekelwe embonweni wokuthi ukukhuliswa kwemizwa yakho ethile kwenza kube nzima ukufunda nokukhombisa isimilo esihle.

I-SIT izama ngisho nokuphendula komuntu ekuvuseleleni kwezinzwa. Imvamisa kwenziwa ngumelaphi osebenza emsebenzini futhi uncike ekudlaleni, njengokudweba esihlabathini noma ukweqa intambo.

Ukwelashwa emsebenzini

I-Occupational Therapy (OT) yinkambu yokunakekelwa kwezempilo egxile ekufundiseni izingane nabantu abadala amakhono ayisisekelo abawadingayo empilweni yansuku zonke. Ezinganeni, lokhu kuvame ukufaka ukufundisa amakhono amahle emoto, amakhono okubhala ngesandla, namakhono okuzinakekela.

Kubantu abadala, i-OT igxile ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okuzimela, njengokupheka, ukuhlanza nokuphatha imali.

Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo

Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo kufundisa amakhono akhulunywayo angasiza abantu abane-autism ukuxhumana kangcono. Imvamisa kwenziwa nge-pathologist yolimi lokukhuluma noma owelapha emsebenzini.

Kungasiza izingane ukuthi zithuthukise izinga nesigqi sezinkulumo zazo, ngaphezu kokusebenzisa amagama ngendlela efanele. Kungasiza futhi nabantu abadala ukuthi bathuthukise indlela abakhuluma ngayo ngemicabango nemizwa yabo.

Imithi

Ayikho imishanguzo eyenzelwe ngqo ukwelapha i-autism. Kodwa-ke, imishanguzo eminingana esetshenziselwa ezinye izimo ezingenzeka nge-autism ingasiza ngezimpawu ezithile.

Imithi esetshenziselwa ukusiza ukuphatha i-autism iwela ezigabeni ezimbalwa eziyinhloko:

• Ama-antipsychotic. Eminye imishanguzo emisha yokulwa ne-psychotic ingasiza ngokuhlukumeza, ukuzilimaza, nezinkinga zokuziphatha ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abane-autism. I-FDA isanda kuvuma ukusetshenziswa kwe-risperidone (Risperdal) ne-apripiprazole (Abilify) ukwelapha izimpawu ze-autism.
• Izidambisi. Ngenkathi abantu abaningi abane-autism bethatha imishanguzo yokudambisa, abacwaningi abakabi nesiqiniseko sokuthi bayasiza yini ngempela ngezimpawu ze-autism. Noma kunjalo, zingaba wusizo ekwelapheni ukuphazamiseka okucindezela ngokweqile, ukudangala, nokukhathazeka kubantu abane-autism.
• Izikhuthazi. Izikhuthazi, njenge-methylphenidate (Ritalin), zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-ADHD, kepha zingasiza futhi ngezimpawu ze-autism ezigqagqene, kufaka phakathi ukunganaki nokungasebenzi kahle. Ukubheka ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokwelashwa kwe-autism kusikisela ukuthi cishe uhhafu wezingane ezine-autism ziyazuza ezintweni ezikhuthazayo, yize ezinye ziba nemiphumela engemihle.
• Ama-anticonvulsants. Abanye abantu abane-autism nabo banesifo sokuwa, ngakho-ke kunikezwa imishanguzo yokuqeda isisu.

Kuthiwani ngezinye izindlela zokwelapha?

Kunezindlela eziningi zokwelashwa kwe-autism abantu abazama ngazo. Kodwa-ke, akukho lucwaningo oluningi oluphelele olwenza isipele lezi zindlela, futhi akucaci ukuthi ziyasebenza yini. Abanye babo, njengokwelashwa kwe-chelation, nabo bangenza okubi kunokulunga.

Noma kunjalo, i-autism yisimo esibanzi esidala izimpawu ezahlukahlukene. Ukuthi into ayisebenzi kumuntu oyedwa akusho ukuthi ngeke isize omunye. Sebenza eduze nodokotela lapho ubheka ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa. Udokotela omuhle angakusiza uzulazule ocwaningweni oluzungeze lezi zindlela zokwelapha futhi ugweme izindlela ezingaba yingozi ezingasekelwa isayensi.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa ezidinga ucwaningo olunzulu zifaka phakathi:

• okungenayo i-gluten, ukudla okungenayo ikesi
• izingubo zokulala ezinesisindo
• melatonin
• uvithamini C
• omega-3 okunamafutha acid
• umngcele
• uvithamini B-6 kanye ne-magnesium kuhlangene
• i-oxytocin
• Uwoyela we-CBD

Uma ungazizwa ukhululekile ukukhuluma ngamanye amakhambi nodokotela wakho, cabanga ukufuna omunye uchwepheshe wezokwelapha ozokusiza uthole ukwelashwa okufanele. Inhlangano engenzi nzuzo i-Autism Speaks ikuvumela ukuthi useshe izinsiza ezahlukahlukene ze-autism ngombuso.

Okubalulekile

I-Autism yisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwelapha nemithi engasiza ukuphatha izimpawu zayo. Sebenza nodokotela wakho ukuthola uhlelo lokwelashwa oluphumelela kunazo zonke wena noma ingane yakho.