I-Sarcoidosis

I-Sarcoidosis yisifo lapho ukuvuvukala kwenzeka kuma-lymph node, amaphaphu, isibindi, amehlo, isikhumba, kanye / noma ezinye izicubu.

Imbangela ngqo ye-sarcoidosis ayaziwa. Okwaziwayo ukuthi uma umuntu enalesi sifo, kuqubuka izicubu ezincane zezicubu ezingavamile (ama-granulomas) ezithweni ezithile zomzimba. Ama-Granulomas angamaqoqo amangqamuzana omzimba.

Lesi sifo singathinta cishe noma yisiphi isitho. Ngokuvamile kuthinta amaphaphu.

Odokotela bacabanga ukuthi ukuba nezakhi zofuzo ezithile kwenza kube lula ngomuntu ukuthi ahlakulele i-sarcoidosis. Izinto ezingadala lesi sifo zihlanganisa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane noma amagciwane. Ukuthintana nothuli noma amakhemikhali nakho kungadala.

Lesi sifo sivame kakhulu kubantu base-Afrika baseMelika kanye nabelungu baseScandinavia. Baningi abesifazane kunabesilisa abanalesi sifo.

Lesi sifo sivame ukuqala phakathi kweminyaka engama-20 nengama-40. ISarcoidosis ayivamile ezinganeni ezisencane.

Umuntu onesihlobo esiseduze segazi esine-sarcoidosis cishe cishe izikhathi ezinhlanu zokuthuthukisa lesi simo.

Kungase kungabikho zimpawu. Lapho izimpawu zenzeka, zingabandakanya cishe noma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba noma uhlelo lwesitho.

Cishe bonke abantu abathintwe yi-sarcoidosis banezimpawu zamaphaphu noma zesifuba:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba (imvamisa ngemuva kwethambo lesifuba)
• Ukukhwehlela okomile
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ukukhwehlela igazi (okungavamile, kodwa okungathí sina)
  

Izimpawu zokungakhululeki okujwayelekile zingafaka:

• Ukukhathala
• Imfiva
• Ubuhlungu obuhlangene noma ubuhlungu (arthralgia)
• Ukwehla kwesisindo

Izimpawu zesikhumba zingafaka:

• Ukulahleka kwezinwele
• Izilonda zesikhumba eziphakanyisiwe, ezibomvu, eziqinile (i-erythema nodosum), cishe njalo engxenyeni engaphambili yemilenze engezansi
• I-Rash
• Izibazi ezikhulayo noma ezivuthayo

Izimpawu zesistimu yezinzwa zingabandakanya:

• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ukuquleka
• Ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lobuso

Izimpawu zamehlo zingafaka:

• Ukushisa
• Ukukhishwa esweni
• Amehlo omile
• Ukulunywa
• Ubuhlungu
• Ukulahleka kombono

Ezinye izimpawu zalesi sifo zingafaka:

• Umlomo owomile
• Ukuphelelwa amandla, uma inhliziyo ibandakanyekile
• Wakhala igazi
• Ukuvuvukala engxenyeni engenhla yesisu
• Isifo sesibindi
• Ukuvuvukala kwemilenze uma kuthinteka inhliziyo namaphaphu
• Isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile uma inhliziyo ibandakanyekile

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba abuze ngezimpawu.

Ukuhlolwa okuhlukile kwe-imaging kungasiza ukuxilonga i-sarcoidosis:

• I-x-ray yesifuba ukubona ukuthi amaphaphu ayabandakanyeka yini noma ama-lymph node akhulisiwe
• I-CT scan yesifuba
• Ukuskena kwe-Lung gallium (akuvamile ukwenziwa manje)
• Ukulingisa ukuhlolwa kobuchopho nesibindi
• I-Echocardiogram noma i-MRI yenhliziyo

Ukuthola lesi simo, kudingeka i-biopsy. I-biopsy yamaphaphu isebenzisa i-bronchoscopy ivame ukwenziwa. Ama-biopsies ezinye izicubu zomzimba nawo angenziwa.

Ukuhlolwa kwelabhu okulandelayo kungenziwa:

• Amazinga we-calcium (umchamo, i-ionized, igazi)
• I-CBC
• I-Immunoelectrophoresis
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi
• Ama-immunoglobulin amaningi
• I-Phosphorus
• I-Angiotensin iguqula i-enzyme (ACE)

Izimpawu zeSarcoidosis zivame ukuba ngcono ngaphandle kokwelashwa.

Uma amehlo, inhliziyo, uhlelo lwezinzwa, noma amaphaphu kuthintekile, kuvame ukunikezwa i-corticosteroids. Lo muthi ungadinga ukuphuzwa unyaka owodwa kuya kwemibili.

Imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba kwesinye isikhathi nayo iyadingeka.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, abantu abanokulimala okukhulu kwenhliziyo noma kwamaphaphu (isifo sesigaba sokugcina) bangadinga ukufakelwa isitho.

Nge-sarcoidosis ethinta inhliziyo, i-cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) engafakelwa ingadingeka ukwelapha izinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo.

Abantu abaningi abane-sarcoidosis abaguli kakhulu, futhi baba ngcono ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Kuze kube uhhafu wabo bonke abantu abanalesi sifo baba ngcono eminyakeni emithathu ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Abantu abanamaphaphu athintekile bangaba nomonakalo wamaphaphu.

Izinga lokufa sekukonke kusuka ku-sarcoidosis lingaphansi kuka-5%. Izimbangela zokufa zifaka:

• Ukopha ezicutshini zamaphaphu
• Ukulimala kwenhliziyo, okuholela ekwehlulekeni kwenhliziyo kanye nesigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile
• Isibazi semiphunga (pulmonary fibrosis)

I-Sarcoidosis ingaholela kulezi zinkinga zezempilo:

• Ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu kwe-fungal (aspergillosis)
• I-glaucoma nobumpumputhe obuvela ku-uveitis (kuyaqabukela)
• Amatshe ezinso avela emazingeni aphezulu e-calcium egazini noma emchameni
• I-osteoporosis nezinye izinkinga zokuthatha i-corticosteroids isikhathi eside
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme emithanjeni yamaphaphu (umfutho wegazi ophakeme wamaphaphu)

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho ngokushesha uma une:

• Kunzima ukuphefumula
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• Umbono uyashintsha
• Ezinye izimpawu zalesi sifo

• Isifo samaphaphu esiphakathi - abantu abadala - ukukhipha

• I-Sarcoid, isigaba I - i-x-ray yesifuba
• I-Sarcoid, isigaba II - i-x-ray yesifuba
• I-Sarcoid, isigaba IV - i-x-ray yesifuba
• I-Sarcoid - ukuvala izilonda zesikhumba
• I-Erythema nodosum ehlotshaniswa ne-sarcoidosis
• I-Sarcoidosis - ukusondela
• I-Sarcoidosis endololwaneni
• I-Sarcoidosis emakhaleni nasebunzini
• Uhlelo lokuphefumula

Iannuzzi MC. I-Sarcoidosis. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 89.

UJudson MA, uMorgenthau AS, uBaughman RP. I-Sarcoidosis. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, abakwa-eds. Incwadi kaMurray neNadel Yemithi Yokuphefumula. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 66.

USoto-Gomez N, uPeter JI, uNambiar AM. Ukuxilongwa nokuphathwa kwe-sarcoidosis. Ngingudokotela Womndeni. 2016; 93 (10): 840-848. I-PMID: 27175719 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27175719.