I-Bronchiectasis

-Delile

• Kuyini i-bronchiectasis?
• Ziyini izimbangela ze-bronchiectasis?
• Ziyini izimpawu ze-bronchiectasis?
• I-bronchiectasis itholakala kanjani?
• Izinketho zokwelashwa kwe-bronchiectasis
• Ingabe i-bronchiectasis ingavinjelwa?

Kuyini i-bronchiectasis?

I-Bronchiectasis yisimo lapho amashubhu we-bronchial amaphaphu akho elinyazwa unomphela, enwetshwa futhi eqina.

Lezi zindima zomoya ezilimele zivumela amabhaktheriya namafinyila ukuba akhe futhi ahlangane emaphashini akho. Lokhu kubangela ukutheleleka njalo nokuvinjelwa kwemigwaqo yomoya.

Alikho ikhambi le-bronchiectasis, kodwa liyalawuleka. Ngokwelashwa, ungahlala impilo ejwayelekile.

Kodwa-ke, ama-flare-ups kufanele alashwe ngokushesha ukugcina ukugeleza komoya-mpilo kuwo wonke umzimba wakho nokuvikela ukulimala kwamaphaphu okuqhubekayo.

Ziyini izimbangela ze-bronchiectasis?

Noma yikuphi ukulimala kwamaphaphu kungadala i-bronchiectasis. Kunezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko zalesi simo.

Eyodwa ihlobene nokuba ne-cystic fibrosis (CF) futhi yaziwa njenge-CF bronchiectasis. I-CF yisimo sezakhi zofuzo esidala ukukhiqizwa okungavamile kwe-mucus.

Esinye isigaba yi-non-CF bronchiectasis, engahlobene ne-CF. Izimo ezaziwa kakhulu ezingadala i-non-CF bronchiectasis zifaka:

• amasosha omzimba asebenza ngokungajwayelekile
• ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu
• izifo ezizimele
• isifo esingapheliyo sokuvimbela kwamaphaphu (COPD)
• i-alpha 1-antitrypsin ukuntula (imbangela yefa le-COPD)
• I-HIV
• i-aspergillosis yokungezwani komzimba (i-allergen reaction ye-lung fungus)
• izifo zamaphaphu, njengokukhwehlela kanye nesifo sofuba

I-CF ithinta amaphaphu nezinye izitho ezifana namanyikwe nesibindi. Emaphashini, lokhu kubangela ukutheleleka okuphindaphindiwe. Kwezinye izitho, kubangela ukungasebenzi kahle.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-bronchiectasis?

Izimpawu ze-bronchiectasis zingathatha izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka ukukhula. Ezinye izimpawu ezijwayelekile zifaka:

• ukukhwehlela okungapheli kwansuku zonke
• ekhwehlela igazi
• imisindo engajwayelekile noma isifuba esifubeni ngokuphefumula
• ukuphelelwa umoya
• ubuhlungu besifuba
• ukukhwehlela amafinyila amaningi nsuku zonke
• ukuncipha komzimba
• ukukhathala
• ushintsho ekwakhiweni kwezinzipho zeminwe nezinzwani, okwaziwa ngokuthi yiklabhu
• izifo zokuphefumula njalo

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu, kufanele ubone udokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze ahlolwe futhi elashwe.

I-bronchiectasis itholakala kanjani?

I-chest computed tomography scan, noma i-chest CT scan, isivivinyo esivame kakhulu sokuthola i-bronchiectasis, ngoba i-X-ray yesifuba ayinikezi imininingwane eyanele.

Lokhu kuhlolwa okungenabuhlungu kudala izithombe eziqondile zemigwaqo yakho yomoya nezinye izakhiwo esifubeni sakho. Isikena se-CT esifubeni singabonisa ubukhulu nendawo okukhona kuyo ukulimala kwamaphaphu.

Ngemuva kokuthi i-bronchiectasis iqinisekiswe ngesifuba se-CT scan, udokotela wakho uzozama ukuthola imbangela ye-bronchiectasis ngokuya ngomlando wakho nokutholakele kokuhlolwa komzimba.

Kubalulekile ukuthola imbangela ngqo ukuze udokotela akwazi ukwelapha lesi sifo esiyisisekelo ukuvimbela i-bronchiectasis ukuthi ingabi sibi kakhulu. Kunezimbangela eziningi ezingadala noma zifake isandla kwi-bronchiectasis.

Ukuhlolwa kwembangela eyisisekelo ikakhulu kuqukethe ukuhlolwa kwelabhoratri kanye ne-microbiologic kanye nokuhlolwa komsebenzi wamaphaphu.

Ukuhlola kwakho kokuqala kungenzeka kufaka phakathi:

• ukubala okuphelele kwegazi ngokuhluka
• amazinga e-immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, ne-IgA)
• isiko lesikhohlela ukuhlola amagciwane, i-mycobacteria nesikhunta

Uma udokotela wakho esola i-CF, bazo-oda ukuhlolwa kwe-sweat chloride noma ukuhlolwa kofuzo.

Izinketho zokwelashwa kwe-bronchiectasis

Imithi ethile inganciphisa ukuqhubekela phambili kwe-bronchiectasis ehlobene nalezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• izifo ze-mycobacterial
• ukungakwazi ukuzivikela komzimba
• i-cystic fibrosis
• ukufisa okuphindayo
• i-aspergillosis yokungezwani
• kungenzeka izifo ezizimele

Alikho ikhambi le-bronchiectasis ngokujwayelekile, kepha ukwelashwa kubalulekile ukukusiza ukuphatha lesi simo. Inhloso enkulu yokwelashwa ukugcina ukutheleleka kanye nezimfihlo ze-bronchial zilawulwa.

Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukuvimbela okunye ukuvimbela kwemigwaqo yomoya nokunciphisa ukulimala kwamaphaphu. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokwelapha i-bronchiectasis zifaka:

• ukusula izindlela zomoya ngokuzivocavoca nokuphefumula kwesifuba
• kwenziwa ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu
• ukuthatha ama-antibiotic ukuvimbela nokwelapha ukutheleleka (izifundo zenziwa njengamanje ekwakhiweni okusha kwama-antibiotic adonswe ngaphakathi)
• ukuthatha ama-bronchodilators afana ne-albuterol (Proventil) ne-tiotropium (Spiriva) ukuvula imigwaqo yomoya
• uthatha imishanguzo kumafinyila amancane
• ukuthatha ama-expectorants ukusiza ukukhwehlela amafinyila
• ukwelashwa komoya-mpilo
• ukuthola imigomo yokuvikela izifo zokuphefumula

Ungadinga usizo lwe-physiotherapy yesifuba. Ifomu elilodwa ivesti lokugqobhoza odongeni lwesifuba esinemvamisa ephezulu ukusiza ukususa amaphaphu akho omqubuko. Ivesti icindezela kahle futhi ikhiphe isifuba sakho, idale umphumela ofanayo nokukhwehlela. Lokhu kukhipha amafinyila ezindongeni zamashubhu e-bronchial.

Uma kuphuma ukopha emaphashini, noma uma i-bronchiectasis isengxenyeni eyodwa kuphela yamaphaphu akho, ungadinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze ususe indawo ethintekile.

Enye ingxenye yokwelashwa kwansuku zonke kuhilela ukukhipha imfihlo ye-bronchial, esizwa amandla adonsela phansi. Umelaphi wokuphefumula angakufundisa amasu okusiza ekukhwehleleni amafinyila amaningi.

Uma izimo ezinjengezinkinga zokuzivikela komzimba noma i-COPD zibangela i-bronchiectasis yakho, udokotela wakho uzokwelapha lezi zimo.

Ingabe i-bronchiectasis ingavinjelwa?

Imbangela ngqo ye-bronchiectasis ayaziwa mayelana namacala we-non-CF bronchiectasis.

Kwabanye, kuhlobene nokungajwayelekile kofuzo nezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezithinta amaphaphu. Ukugwema ukubhema, umoya ongcolile, intuthu yokupheka, namakhemikhali kungasiza ukuvikela amaphaphu akho nokugcina impilo yamaphaphu.

Wena nezingane zakho kufanele nigonyelwe umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, nesimungumungwane, njengoba lezi zimo zixhunyaniswe nalesi simo lapho umuntu esemdala.

Kepha imvamisa lapho imbangela ingaziwa, ukuvimbela kuyinselele. Ukuqashelwa kokuqala kwe-bronchiectasis kubalulekile ukuze uthole ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokulimala okukhulu kwamaphaphu.