Ingabe Abesifazane Bangaba yi-Colourblind?

-Delile

• Ingabe ucansi lwakho lubalulekile?
• Isebenza kanjani i-genetics
• UGenes wachaza
• Kungani lokhu kwenzeka?
• Ukuzivumelanisa kanjani nezimo
• Beka izibani ezinhle kuqala
• Faka ilebula ezingutsheni zakho
• Pheka ngezinye izindlela
• Sebenzisa izinketho zokungeneka
• Sebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza
• Amanye amaqiniso
• Okubalulekile

Ubumpumputhe bombala, obaziwa nangokuthi ukungaboni kahle kombala, kubonakala ngokungakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemibala ehlukahlukene, njengokubomvu, okuluhlaza okotshani noma okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Imbangela eyinhloko yokuphuphuthekisa kombala ukuntuleka kwezingulube ezizwela ukukhanya ezingqungqutheleni zeso. Lesi simo esizuzwe njengefa sithinta kakhulu abesilisa, kepha abesifazane nabo bangaba yi-colorblind.

Kule ndatshana, sizohlola ukuthi izakhi zofuzo zikuthinta kanjani ukungaboni umbala, ukuthi ungazivumelanisa kanjani uma uyi-colorblind, namanye amaqiniso abalulekile ngobumpumputhe bombala.

Ingabe ucansi lwakho lubalulekile?

Ubumpumputhe bombala ngokuyinhloko isimo esizuzwe njengefa, okusho ukuthi kwenzeka ngenxa yezakhi zofuzo. Kodwa-ke, kunezimbangela ezingezona izakhi zofuzo zobumpumputhe bombala, njenge:

• isifo sikashukela
• izimo zamehlo ezithile
• izimo zezinzwa
• ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokungaboni ngemibala ubumpumputhe bombala obomvu noluhlaza okotshani. Ngalesi simo, ufuzo ludluliselwa lusuka kumzali luye enganeni ekwi-X chromosome.

Emhlabeni jikelele, owesilisa oyedwa kwabangu-12 nowesifazane oyedwa kwabangama-200 bangabakhwabanisi.

Okwamanje kusho ukuthi ukungaboni kahle kombala kuthinta cishe amaphesenti ayi-8 abesilisa baseCaucasus. Ngokuya nge-multiethnic enkulu kusuka ku-2014, ukungaboni kahle kombala nakho kuthinta:

• Amaphesenti angu-1.4 wabesilisa base-Afrika baseMelika
• Amaphesenti angu-2.6 wabesilisa baseSpanishi
• Amaphesenti angu-3.1 wabesilisa base-Asia
• Amaphesenti angu-0-0.5 abo bonke abesifazane

Ukuze siqonde ukuthi kungani izindaba zocansi nokuthi kungani abesilisa besengozini yokuba yi-colorblind, ake siqhubeke sixoxe ngemininingwane yokuthi ufuzo lusebenza kanjani.

Isebenza kanjani i-genetics

Abesifazane bezinto eziphilayo banama-X chromosomes amabili. Abesilisa begazi banama-chromosomes e-XY.

Isakhi sobumpumputhe bombala obomvu oluhlaza okotshani yisakhi sofuzo esixhunywe ku-X. Izakhi zofuzo ezixhunywe ku-X zikhonjiswa uma zikhona kuwo womabili ama-chromosomes we-X kwabesifazane, naku-X chromosome eyodwa kwabesilisa.

UGenes wachaza

• ingane ezelwe yowesifazane izodinga ukuthola ifa ama-chromosomes amabili we-X ne-carrier gene ezokuzalwa i-colorblind
• ingane ezelwe yowesilisa idinga kuphela ifa eyodwa X i-chromosome ne-carrier gene ezokuzalwa i-colorblind

Ubumpumputhe bemibala abuvamile kwabesifazane ngoba mancane amathuba okuthi owesifazane athole ifa zombili izakhi zofuzo ezidingekayo kulesi simo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kudingeka isakhi esisodwa kuphela sombala obomvu oluhlaza okotshani emadodeni, kuvame kakhulu.

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka?

Kubantu abanombono ojwayelekile wombala, kukhona ama-photoreceptor emehlweni, abizwa ngama-cones, anemibala ebhekele ukuzwa ubude bamaza wokukhanya ahlukile. Lezi zingulube ezizwela ukukhanya zisiza amehlo ahlukanise phakathi kwemibala ehlukene.

Kubantu abanobumpumputhe bombala, ukuntuleka kwezingulube ezithile kusho ukuthi amehlo awakwazi ukwehlukanisa phakathi kwemibala enemibala.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zobumpumputhe bombala, futhi uhlobo ngalunye luhlukaniswa yizigaxa ezithintekile. Kwezinye izimo, ukungaboni kahle kombala kubangelwa ukuzwela okushintshiwe kuma-cones. Kwezinye izimo, esinye sezigaxa asinakho ukuzwela okulula, sishiya izigaxa ezimbili kuphela ezisebenzayo. Ezimweni ezingavamile, zonke izigaxa ezintathu zishoda ngokuzwela kwazo okulula, okuholela kumbono ongenambala.

Ngokunikezwa kwalezi zimpawu ezihlukanisa ubumpumputhe bombala, izinhlobo eziyinhloko zobumpumputhe bombala zifaka:

• Ubumpofu bombala obomvu oluhlaza okotshani. Leli yifomu elijwayeleke kakhulu, okudala inkinga yokuhlukanisa phakathi kokubomvu nokuluhlaza.
  • I-Protanomaly kulapho okubomvu kubukeka kufana nokuluhlaza okotshani.
  • I-Deuteranomaly kulapho okuluhlaza kubukeka kufana nokubomvu.
  • I-Protanopia futhi deuteranopia lapho ungeke uhlukanise phakathi kokubomvu nokuluhlaza.
• Umbala ophuzi ngombala ophuzi. Leli yifomu elingajwayelekile kakhulu, elidala inkinga yokuhlukanisa phakathi kwemibala eminingi, kufaka phakathi okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuluhlaza okotshani, okuphuzi nokubomvu.
  • I-Tritanomaly kulapho okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza kubukeka kufana, nalapho kuphuzi nokubomvu kufana.
  • I-Tritanopia kulapho unenkinga yokutshela umehluko phakathi kwama-shades amaningi ahambisana nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuphuzi (okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsomi, okubomvu, okubomvana, njll.

Uhlobo lwesithathu lobumpumputhe bombala nalo lukhona, olubizwa ngokuthi ukungaboni okuphelele kombala, noma i-achromatopsia. Lesi simo asijwayelekile ngokumangazayo futhi siholela kumbono we-monochromatic, noma umbono ongenambala. Leli fomu liyivelakancane futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuzivumelanisa nalo.

Ukuzivumelanisa kanjani nezimo

Uma unobumpumputhe bombala, kungadingeka ukuthi wenze izinguquko empilweni yakho yansuku zonke ukuze uvumelane nesimo sakho.

Beka izibani ezinhle kuqala

Izigaxa ezisemehlweni zisebenza kuphela emini, okusho ukuthi lapho ukukhanya kungalungile kuba nzima ukubona umbala. Uma unobumpumputhe bombala, ukukhanya okungafanele kungenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemibala. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhaya lakho nendawo osebenza kuyo kukhanya ngokwanele.

Faka ilebula ezingutsheni zakho

Imisebenzi elula, njengokukhetha ukuthi iyiphi ingubo ozoyigqoka, ingaba nzima uma ungumbala webala. Uma uthenga izingubo ezintsha, ukuthenga nomngani okwazi ukuhlukanisa imibala kuyasiza lapho wakha ikhabethe. Ukufakwa amakhodi ngemibala noma izigaba nakho kungenza kube lula ukwehlukanisa phakathi kwezingubo osunazo.

Pheka ngezinye izindlela

Kukangaki uzwile ukuthi, "pheka inkukhu ize ingabe isabomvana" noma "bhaka ama-muffin aze abe nsundu"? Kwabanye abantu abanobumpumputhe bombala, kunzima (noma akunakwenzeka) ukulandela izinkomba ezibonakalayo ezifana nalezi.

Uma uyi-colorblind, uthembele kuthempelesha, ukuthinta, ngisho nangomsindo ngenkathi upheka kungakusiza ezindaweni lapho umbono ungeke ukwazi khona.

Sebenzisa izinketho zokungeneka

Iningi le-elektroniki lesimanje, njengamafoni, ama-laptops, nama-TV, linikeza izinketho zokungeneka kubantu abakhubazekile.

Uma unobumpumputhe bombala, ungakwazi ukusizakala ngezilungiselelo zombala ezahlukahlukene kulawa madivayisi. Lokhu kungenza kube lula ukuzulazula ngaphandle kokukwazi ukubona imibala yangempela.

Sebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza

Kukhona ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinganikeza ukufinyeleleka empilweni yakho yansuku zonke. Isibonelo, iColour Blind Pal uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-iPhone olusiza abasebenzisi be-colorblind ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemibala ehlukene ezithombeni.

Ungasebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza usizo ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke edinga ukuhlukaniswa kombala, njengokukhetha izingubo ozokugqoka noma ukukhetha umkhiqizo omusha ozowudla.

Amanye amaqiniso

Ukuba nobumpumputhe bombala nakho kungathinta impilo yakho yobungcweti. Izindlela ezithile zomsebenzi ezincike ekubukekeni kombala, njengokulungisa izinwele noma umklami wangaphakathi, zinzima kakhulu kubantu abasebenza nge-colorblind.

Noma kunjalo, kunemisebenzi eminingi ezokuvumela ukuthi wenze ngokusemandleni akho noma ungenawo umbono wombala ogcwele.

Ngenkathi lungekho ikhambi lobumpumputhe bombala, kungahle kube nezixazululo ezingasiza ukuthuthukisa umbono wabantu abathile wemibala. Ukungenelela okukodwa okungaba khona kokungaboni ngombala usebenzisa izinsiza ezibonakalayo ezifana nezibuko namalensi wokuxhumana.

Ngenkathi amalensi akhethekile engakwazi "ukudala" imibala umuntu ongayiboni engayiboni, kungasiza ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemibala ebonakalayo.

Okubalulekile

Ubumpumputhe bombala yisimo esizuzwe njengefa. Kuvame ukudluliselwa kusuka kumama kuye endodaneni, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi abesifazane babe yi-colorblind, futhi.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zobumpumputhe bombala ezingenzeka ngokuya ngokuthi yiziphi izingulube zeso ezithintekile.Ngenkathi okwamanje kungekho ukwelashwa kobumpumputhe bombala, ukulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila kanye nokungenelela kwezokwelapha kungasiza ekufinyeleleni kwansuku zonke kwabantu abakulesi simo.