Uyini umdlavuza womphimbo nokuthi ungawubona kanjani

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa
• Izigaba zomdlavuza womlomo
• Yelashwa kanjani
• Izimbangela eziyinhloko zomdlavuza womphimbo

Umdlavuza womphimbo usho noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesimila olutholakala ku-larynx, pharynx, tonsils noma kunoma iyiphi enye ingxenye yomphimbo. Yize kuyivelakancane, lolu wuhlobo lomdlavuza olungakhula noma ibuphi ubudala, ikakhulukazi kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50, abesilisa, abantu ababhemayo noma abasebenzisa kakhulu iziphuzo ezidakayo.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zomdlavuza womphimbo:

• Umdlavuza womphimbo: kuthinta umphimbo, okuyilapho izintambo zamagama zitholakala khona. Thola kabanzi ngalolu hlobo oluthile lomdlavuza;
• Umdlavuza wepharynx: livela kupharynx, okuyishubhu lapho umoya udlula khona usuka ekhaleni uye emaphashini.

Noma yiluphi uhlobo lomdlavuza womphimbo lungakhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho-ke noma nini lapho uzwa noma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingavamile, ezifana nomphimbo obuhlungu othatha isikhathi eside ukudlula, ushintsho olungazelelwe ezwini lakho noma ekuzweni kaningi kwebhola emphinjeni wakho, kufanele thintana nodokotela we-otolaryngologist, ukuthola imbangela bese uqala ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ezingabonisa umdlavuza womphimbo zifaka:

• Umphimbo noma indlebe engapheli;
• Ukukhwehlela njalo, okungahambisana negazi;
• Kunzima ukugwinya noma ukuphefumula;
• Izinguquko ezwini, ngaphandle kwesizathu esisobala;
• Ukwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu;
• Ukuvuvukala noma ukubukeka kwezigaxa entanyeni;
• Imisindo lapho uphefumula;
• Kuhoshozela.

Lezi zimpawu ziyehluka ngokwendawo ethintekile isimila. Ngakho-ke, uma umdlavuza ukhula emphinjeni, kungenzeka ukuthi kuvela ushintsho ezwini, ngoba uma kubonakala ubunzima bokuphefumula kuphela, kungenzeka ukuthi ngumdlavuza kupharynx.

Kodwa-ke, ukuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa wukuthintana nodokotela otorhinolaryngologist ukwenza izivivinyo zokuxilonga bese uqala ukwelashwa.

Olunye uhlobo lomdlavuza olungadala izimpawu ezifana nomdlavuza womphimbo umdlavuza wegilo. Bona ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu eziyisi-7 zomdlavuza we-thyroid.

Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa

Ukutholakala komdlavuza womphimbo kungaqinisekiswa ngudokotela otorhinolaryngologist, okuthi ngaphezu kokuhlola izimpawu nomlando womtholampilo womuntu ngamunye, angenza izivivinyo ezifana ne-laryngoscopy, ukubona ukuthi kukhona yini ushintsho ezithweni zomphimbo.

Uma kutholakala izinguquko, udokotela angathatha nesampula lesicubu bese elithumela elebhu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Okunye ukuhlolwa okungenziwa futhi yi-MRI, i-CT scan noma i-X-ray, isibonelo.

Izigaba zomdlavuza womlomo

Ngemuva kokwenza ukuxilongwa komdlavuza womphimbo, udokotela angawuhlukanisa ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene, ngokusho kwezinga lokukhula, lapho ezigabeni zokuqala (1 no-2) isimila sincane, sifinyelela kumaseli akha phezulu kakhulu futhi sikhawulelwe umphimbo futhi ungaphathwa kalula futhi ususwe ngokuhlinzwa, ngaphezu kokuba nesibikezelo esingcono. Ngezigaba 3 no-4, isimila sikhulu futhi asigcini emphinjeni, futhi amaphuzu we-metastasis angabonakala kalula. Isigaba 4 sinzima kakhulu, ngoba kubonakala ama-foci amaningana okusabalalisa, okwenza ukwelashwa kube nzima kakhulu futhi ukubikezela kubi kakhulu.

Lapho isigaba somdlavuza sithuthuke kakhulu, kulukhuni kakhulu ukwelashwa. Ezigabeni zokuqala, kungadingeka ukuthi kuhlinzwe kukhishwe isimila, kanti ezigabeni ezithuthuke kakhulu, kungadingeka ukuhlanganisa ezinye izinhlobo zokwelashwa njenge-chemo noma i-radiation therapy.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza womphimbo kuyahlukahluka kuye ngezinga lokukhula kwalesi sifo, kepha-ke, kuvame ukuqala ngokuhlinzwa ukukhipha amangqamuzana omdlavuza amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo kungenzeka ukuthi welaphe ngokuphelele umdlavuza kuphela ngokuhlinzwa, ngoba isimila sincane ngosayizi.

Ngokuya ngosayizi wesimila, udokotela angasusa ingxenye encane kuphela yesitho esithintekile noma adinge ukusisusa ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, abantu abanomdlavuza ku-larynx, ngokwesibonelo, bangaba ne-sequelae ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, njengezwi eliguquliwe, ngenxa yokulahleka kwengxenye enkulu yesitho lapho kutholakala khona izintambo zezwi.

Ezimweni ezithuthuke kakhulu, imvamisa kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, njenge-chemo noma i-radiotherapy, ukuqeda amaseli asele emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi kwezinye izicubu noma kuma-lymph node, ngokwesibonelo.

Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, kuyadingeka ukuthi ube nezinye izinhlobo zokwelashwa, njengokwelashwa kwenkulumo kanye nokwelashwa ngokomzimba ukusiza umuntu ukuhlafuna nokugwinya, ngokwesibonelo.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko zomdlavuza womphimbo

Enye yezimbangela ezinkulu zokuba nomdlavuza womphimbo ukutheleleka nge-HPV, okungadluliselwa ngocansi lomlomo olungavikelekile. Kodwa-ke, kunemikhuba yokuphila engakhuphula ubungozi balolu hlobo lomdlavuza, njenge:

• Ukuba ngumuntu obhemayo;
• Sebenzisa iziphuzo ezidakayo ngokweqile;
• Yidla ukudla okungenampilo, nenani elincane lezithelo nemifino nenani elikhulu lokudla okusetshenzisiwe;
• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-HPV;
• Ukuvezwa ku-asbestos;
• Yiba nenhlanzeko yamazinyo engeyinhle.

Ngakho-ke, ezinye izindlela zokugwema ukuthuthukisa lolu hlobo lomdlavuza zifaka phakathi ukungabhemi, ukugwema ukuphuza kakhulu utshwala, ukudla ukudla okunempilo nokugwema ukuya ocansini lomlomo olungaphephile.