Siyini isifo senhliziyo esizelwe kanye nezinhlobo eziyinhloko

-Delile

• Izinhlobo eziyinhloko
• 1. Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso se-cyanotic
• 2. Isifo senhliziyo se-acyanotic azalwa naso
• Izimpawu nezimpawu
• Yelashwa kanjani

Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso ukukhubazeka okwakheke enhliziyweni okusakhula ngaphakathi esiswini sikamama, esikwazi ukudala ukukhubazeka kokusebenza kwenhliziyo, futhi sesivele sizalwa nengane esanda kuzalwa.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesifo senhliziyo, ezingaba mnene futhi zitholakale kuphela lapho usukhulile, ngisho nezibi kakhulu, okuyizifo zenhliziyo ezi-cyanotic, ezikwazi ukudala ukugeleza kwegazi emzimbeni. Zingaba nezimbangela zofuzo, njenge-Down syndrome, noma zibangelwe ukuphazamiseka ekukhulelweni, njengokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa, utshwala, amakhemikhali noma ukutheleleka kowesifazane okhulelwe.

Isifo senhliziyo esizalwe naso sisengatholakala esibelethweni sikamama nge-ultrasound ne-echocardiogram. Lesi sifo siyelapheka ngoba ukwelashwa kwaso kungenziwa ngokuhlinzwa ukulungisa isici, esizoncika kohlobo kanye nobunzima besifo senhliziyo.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko

Isifo senhliziyo singahlukaniswa njenge:

1. Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso se-cyanotic

Lolu hlobo lwesifo senhliziyo lubucayi kakhulu, ngoba ukukhubazeka enhliziyweni kungathinta kakhulu ukuhamba kwegazi namandla we-oxygenation wegazi, futhi, ngokuya ngobukhulu bayo, kungadala izimpawu ezifana ne-pallor, umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka wesikhumba, ukungabi bikho komoya, ukuquleka ngisho nokudlikizela nokufa. Okuyinhloko kufaka:

• I-Tetralogy of Fallot: kuvimbela ukugeleza kwegazi lisuke enhliziyweni liye emaphashini, ngenxa yenhlanganisela yeziphambeko ezi-4, ezibonakala ngokuncipha kwe-valve evumela ukuthi igazi lidlulele emaphashini, ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-ventricles enhliziyo, izinguquko ekubekeni kwe-aorta futhi i-hypertrophy yelungelo le-ventricle;
• Okungahambi kahle kuka-Ebstein: kuvimbela ukugeleza kwegazi ngenxa yokungahleleki ku-tricuspid valve, exhumanisa amakamelo enhliziyo elungile;
• I-atresia yamaphaphu: kubangela ukungabi bikho kokuxhumana phakathi kwenhliziyo namaphaphu afanele, kuvimbela igazi ekutheni liphefumulelwe kahle umoya-mpilo.

Ngokufanelekile, isifo senhliziyo esibelethweni se-cyanotic kufanele sitholwe ngokushesha okukhulu, kungaba esiswini sikamama noma ngemuva nje kokuzalwa, kusetshenziswa ama-echocardiograms athola lezi zinguquko zenhliziyo, ukuhlela ukungenelela, nokugwema i-sequelae enganeni.

2. Isifo senhliziyo se-acyanotic azalwa naso

Lolu hlobo lwesifo senhliziyo lubangela ushintsho olungabangeli imiphumela emibi kangako ekusebenzeni kwenhliziyo, futhi ubukhulu nobukhulu bezimpawu kuncike ebukhulwini besici senhliziyo, kusuka ekungabikho kwezimpawu, izimpawu kuphela phakathi kwemizamo, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo .

Ngokuya ngezimpawu ezibangelwe, lezi zinguquko zingatholakala ngemuva nje kokuzalwa, noma lapho usumdala kuphela. Okuyinhloko yilezi:

• Ukuxhumana kwezemvelo (CIA): ukuxhumana okungajwayelekile kwenzeka phakathi kwe-atria yenhliziyo, okungamagumbi aphezulu kakhulu;
• Ukuxhumana okuphakathi (IVC): kunesici phakathi kwezindonga zama-ventricles, okudala ukuxhumana okunganele kwalawa magumbi kanye nenhlanganisela yegazi elinomoya-mpilo neli-oxygen;
• I-Ductus arteriosus (PDA): lesi siteshi sikhona ngokwemvelo embungwini ukuxhuma i-ventricle efanele yenhliziyo ku-aorta, ukuze igazi liye ngase-placenta bese lithola umoya-mpilo, kepha kufanele livale ngemuva nje kokuzalwa. Ukuphikelela kwayo kungadala ubunzima ekungeniseni umoya wegazi wengane osanda kuzalwa;
• Isici se-septal se-atrioventricular (DSVA): kubangela ukuxhumana okunganele phakathi kwe-atrium ne-ventricle, okwenza umsebenzi wenhliziyo ube nzima.

Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lwesifo senhliziyo esizalwe naso, noma ngabe i-cyanotic noma i-acyanotic, kungathiwa luyinkimbinkimbi lapho inhliziyo ihlushwa yinhlangano yokukhubazeka okuningana okunomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwayo, futhi okunzima ukwelapha, njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka i-tetralogy of Fallot, isibonelo.

Izimpawu nezimpawu

Izimpawu nezimpawu zesifo senhliziyo esizalwe naso zincike ohlotsheni nasekuxakekeni kokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo. Ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa nezinsana, zingaba:

• I-cyanosis, okuwumbala onsomi ezandleni zomlomo noma ezindebeni;
• Umjuluko owedlulele;
• Ukukhathala ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokuphakelwa;
• Pallor nokunganaki;
• Isisindo esiphansi nesifiso esibi;
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo nokufushane ngisho nalapho uphumule;
• Ukuthukuthela.

Ezinganeni ezindala noma kubantu abadala, izimpawu zingaba:

• Inhliziyo esheshayo nomlomo onsomi ngemuva kwemizamo;
• Izifo zokuphefumula njalo;
• Ukukhathala okulula maqondana nezinye izingane ezineminyaka efanayo;
• Akukhule noma kuzuze isisindo ngokujwayelekile.

Izinguquko ngosayizi wenhliziyo nazo zingabonakala, ziqinisekiswe ngokuhlolwa kwe-x-ray kanye ne-echocardiogram.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwesifo senhliziyo esizalwe nakho kungenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwemithi yokulawula izimpawu, ezinjenge-diuretics, i-beta-blockers, ukulawula izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, kanye ne-inotropes, ukukhulisa ukuqina kwamabhithi. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa okucacile ukuhlinzekelwa ukulungiswa, okukhonjiswe cishe kuwo wonke amacala, ukwazi ukwelapha isifo senhliziyo.

Amacala amaningi athatha iminyaka ukutholakala futhi angaxazululwa ngokuzenzekelayo ekukhuleni kwengane, kwenze impilo yayo ibe yinto ejwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, amacala abucayi kakhulu adinga ukuhlinzwa onyakeni wokuqala wokuphila.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-syndromes amaningi ezakhi zofuzo angaba nokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo, kanti ezinye izibonelo yi-Down's syndrome, i-Alagille, i-DiGeorge, i-Holt-Oram, i-Leopard, i-Turner no-Williams, ngokwesibonelo, ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kwenhliziyo kufanele kuhlolwe kahle uma ingane kutholakala ukuthi unalezi zifo.