Ayini amaseli we-dendritic nokuthi enzelwe ini

-Delile

• Yini efanelekile
• Izinhlobo zamaseli we-dendritic
• Bangasiza kanjani ekwelapheni umdlavuza

Amaseli we-dendritic, noma i-DC, angamaseli akhiqizwa emnkantsheni wethambo ongatholakala egazini, esikhunjeni nasekwenzeni ukudla nasemaphepheni okuphefumula, ngokwesibonelo, futhi lawo ayingxenye yesistimu yomzimba, enesibopho sokukhomba ukutheleleka nokuthuthukisa amasosha omzimba impendulo.

Ngakho-ke, lapho amasosha omzimba ezwa ukuthi asengozini, lawa maseli ayasebenza ukuze abone into ekhuselayo futhi athuthukise ukuqedwa kwayo. Ngakho-ke, uma amangqamuzana e-dendritic engasebenzi kahle, amasosha omzimba anenkinga enkulu yokuvikela umzimba, enethuba elikhulu lokuhlaselwa yisifo noma nomdlavuza.

Yini efanelekile

Amaseli we-dendritic anesibopho sokuthwebula ama-microorganism ahlaselayo kanye nokwethula ama-antigen, atholakala ebusweni bawo, kuma-T lymphocyte, aqala ukuphendula kwamagciwane kuma-agent athathelanayo, alwa nalesi sifo.

Ngenxa yokuthi bathatha futhi baveze ama-antigen ebusweni babo, okuyizingxenye ze-agent ezithathelwanayo, amaseli e-dendritic abizwa ngokuthi ama-Antigen-Presenting Cells, noma ama-APC.

Ngaphezu kokukhuthaza ukusabela kokuqala kokuzivikela komzimba kumuntu othile ohlaselayo nokuqinisekisa ukuzivikela kwangaphakathi, amaseli we-dendritic abalulekile ekwakhiweni kokuzivikela komzimba okuguquguqukayo, okuyiwona okwenziwa amangqamuzana enkumbulo, ekuvimbela ukuthi kungaphinde kwenzeke noma ngendlela ethambile ukutheleleka ngomzimba ofanayo.

Qonda ukuthi amasosha omzimba asebenza kanjani.

Izinhlobo zamaseli we-dendritic

Amaseli we-dendritic angahlukaniswa ngokuya ngezimpawu zawo zokufuduka, ukubonakaliswa komaka ebusweni babo, indawo nomsebenzi wabo. Ngakho-ke, amaseli we-dendritic angahlukaniswa ikakhulukazi abe yizinhlobo ezimbili:

• Amaseli we-Plasmocytoid dendritic, atholakala ikakhulu ezingxenyeni zegazi nezama-lymphoid, njenge-spleen, thymus, umnkantsha kanye nama-lymph node, ngokwesibonelo. Lawa maseli asebenza ikakhulukazi uma elwa namagciwane futhi, ngenxa yekhono lawo lokukhiqiza i-Interferon alpha ne-beta, okungamaprotheni abhekele ukulawulwa kwamasosha omzimba, nawo anezinto ezilwa nesimila kwezinye izimo, ngaphezu komthamo we-antiviral.
• Amaseli we-Myeloid dendritic, atholakala esikhunjeni, egazini nasemanzini. Amaseli atholakala egazini abizwa ngokuthi yi-DC yokuvuvukala, ekhiqiza i-TNF-alpha, okuwuhlobo lwe-cytokine ebhekele ukufa kwamangqamuzana e-tumor kanye nenqubo yokuvuvukala. Ezicutshini, lawa maseli angabizwa ngokuthi i-interstitial noma i-mucosal DC futhi, uma ekhona esikhunjeni, abizwa ngokuthi amaseli e-Langerhans noma amaseli afudukayo, ngoba ngemuva kokusebenza kwawo, adlula esikhunjeni aye kuma-lymph node, lapho eletha khona ama-antigen kuma-lymphocyte ka-T.

Imvelaphi yamaseli we-dendritic isacwaningwa kabanzi, kepha kubhekwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi yavela kozalo lwe-lymphoid ne-myeloid. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinkolelo-mbono ezimbili ezizama ukuchaza umsuka walawa maseli:

1. Imodeli yePulasitiki esebenzayo, obheka ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamaseli we-dendritic amele izigaba ezahlukahlukene zokuvuthwa kolayini owodwa weseli, imisebenzi ehlukile ingumphumela wendawo abakhona kuyo;
2. Imodeli yozalo olukhethekile, obheka ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamaseli we-dendritic zitholakala kolayini abahlukahlukene bamaseli, okuyisizathu semisebenzi ehlukile.

Kukholakala ukuthi yomibili le mibono inesisekelo nokuthi emzimbeni kungenzeka ukuthi le mibono emibili izokwenzeka ngasikhathi sinye.

Bangasiza kanjani ekwelapheni umdlavuza

Ngenxa yendima yayo ebalulekile emasosheni omzimba kanye nokukwazi ukulawula zonke izinqubo ezihlobene nokuzivikela komzimba, kwenziwa ucwaningo ngenhloso yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwalo ekwelashweni ngomdlavuza, ikakhulukazi ngendlela yokugoma.

Elebhu, amaseli we-dendritic afakwa ekuthintaneni namasampuli weseli le-tumor futhi amandla abo okususa amangqamuzana omdlavuza ayaqinisekiswa. Uma kutholakala ukuthi imiphumela yokuhlolwa kumamodeli wokuhlola kanye nezilwane iyasebenza, kungenzeka ukuthi izivivinyo zomuthi wokugomela umdlavuza onamaseli we-dendritic zingenziwa zitholakale kubantu. Yize kuthembisa, kudingeka izifundo eziningi ukuze kuthuthukiswe lo muthi wokugoma, kanye nohlobo lomdlavuza lo muthi ozokwazi ukulwa nawo.

Ngaphezu kokukwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukulwa nomdlavuza, ukusetshenziswa kwamangqamuzana e-dendritic kubuye kwafundwa ekwelapheni i-AIDS kanye ne-systemic sporotrichosis, okuyizifo ezimbi futhi okuholela ekwehleni kohlelo lokuzivikela komzimba. Nazi ezinye izindlela zokuthuthukisa nokuqinisa amasosha akho omzimba.