I-Colitis

-Delile

• Izinhlobo ze-colitis nezimbangela zazo
• I-ulcerative colitis
• I-Pseudomembranous colitis
• Ischemic colitis
• I-Microscopic colitis
• I-allergic colitis ezinganeni
• Izimbangela ezengeziwe
• Ubani osengozini yokuhlaselwa yisifo sofuba
• Izimpawu ze-colitis
• Ukubonana nodokotela nini
• Ukuhlonza i-colitis
• Ukwelapha i-colitis
• Ukuphumula kwamathumbu
• Imithi
• Ukuhlinzwa
• Umbono

Ukubuka konke

I-Colitis ukuvuvukala kwekholoni yakho, eyaziwa nangokuthi amathumbu akho amakhulu. Uma une-colitis, uzozwa ukungakhululeki nobuhlungu esiswini sakho okungaba mnene futhi kwenzeke kaningi esikhathini eside, noma kube nzima futhi kuvele ngokuzumayo.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-colitis, kanti ukwelashwa kuyehluka kuye ngohlobo onalo.

Izinhlobo ze-colitis nezimbangela zazo

Izinhlobo ze-colitis zihlukaniswe yizimbangela zazo.

I-ulcerative colitis

I-ulcerative colitis (UC) ingesinye sezimo ezimbili ezihlukaniswa njengezifo zamathumbu ezivuthayo. Esinye yisifo sikaCrohn.

I-UC yisifo sempilo yonke esikhiqiza izilonda zokuvuvukala nokopha ngaphakathi kolwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwamathumbu akho amakhulu. Imvamisa iqala ku-rectum bese isakazeka kukholoni.

I-UC uhlobo olutholakala kakhulu lwe-colitis. Kwenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba ehlasela ngokweqile amagciwane nezinye izinto ezisemgudwini wokugaya ukudla, kodwa ochwepheshe abazi ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka. Izinhlobo ezivamile ze-UC zifaka:

• proctosigmoiditis, ethinta i-rectum nengxenye engezansi yekoloni
• i-colitis engakwesokunxele, ethinta ohlangothini lwesobunxele lekholoni eqala engxenyeni
• i-pancolitis, ethinta wonke amathumbu amakhulu

I-Pseudomembranous colitis

I-Pseudomembranous colitis (PC) ivela ekukhuleni kwegciwane IClostridium difficile. Lolu hlobo lwamabhaktheriya luhlala emathunjini, kepha alubangeli izinkinga ngoba lulinganiswa ngokuba khona kwamagciwane "amahle".

Imithi ethile, ikakhulukazi ama-antibiotic, ingabhubhisa amabhaktheriya anempilo. Lokhu kuvumela IClostridium difficile ukuthatha izintambo, ukhipha ubuthi obudala ukuvuvukala.

Ischemic colitis

Ischemic colitis (IC) kwenzeka lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kukholoni kunqanyulwa ngokuzumayo noma kuvinjelwe. Amahlule egazi angaba yisizathu sokuvaleka okungazelelwe. I-atherosclerosis, noma ama-fatty deposits, emithanjeni yegazi enikeza ikholoni imvamisa iyisizathu se-IC ephindaphindwayo.

Lolu hlobo lwe-colitis luvame ukubangelwa izimo ezingaphansi. Lokhu kungafaka:

• i-vasculitis, isifo sokuvuvukala semithambo yegazi
• isifo sikashukela
• umdlavuza wamathumbu
• ukoma komzimba
• ukulahleka kwegazi
• ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo
• ukuvinjelwa
• ukuhlukumezeka

Yize kuyivelakancane, i-IC ingenzeka njengomphumela oseceleni wokuthatha imithi ethile.

I-Microscopic colitis

I-Microscopic colitis yisimo sezokwelapha udokotela angasibona kuphela ngokubheka isampula lezicubu zekholoni ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Udokotela uzobheka izimpawu zokuvuvukala, njengama-lymphocyte, okuluhlobo lweseli elimhlophe.

Odokotela kwesinye isikhathi bahlukanisa i-colitis encane ngezigaba ezimbili: i-lymphocytic ne-collagenous colitis. I-lymphocytic colitis yilapho udokotela ekhomba inani elithile lama-lymphocyte. Kodwa-ke, izicubu zamakholoni kanye nolwelwesi aziminyene ngokungavamile.

I-collagenous colitis yenzeka lapho ulwelwesi lwekholoni luba lukhulu kunokujwayelekile ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-collagen ngaphansi kongqimba olungaphandle lwethishu. Imibono ehlukene ikhona ngohlobo ngalunye lwe-microscopic colitis, kepha abanye odokotela bathi zombili izinhlobo ze-colitis ziyizinhlobo ezahlukene zesimo esifanayo.

Odokotela abazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela i-microscopic colitis. Kodwa-ke, bayazi ukuthi abanye abantu basengozini yalesi simo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• ababhemayo bamanje
• ubulili besifazane
• umlando wokuphazamiseka okuzenzakalelayo
• endala kuneminyaka engu-50

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze-microscopic colitis uhudo lwamanzi olungamahlalakhona, ukuqunjelwa esiswini, nobuhlungu besisu.

I-allergic colitis ezinganeni

I-Allergic colitis yisimo esingenzeka ezinganeni, imvamisa ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala ngemuva kokuzalwa. Isimo singadala izimpawu ezinganeni ezibandakanya i-reflux, ukukhafula ngokweqile, ukuxokozela, kanye nokuqubuka kwegazi okungaba khona esitulweni somntwana.

Odokotela abazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela i-allergen colitis. Ngokuya ngocwaningo lwango-2013 olushicilelwe ku, omunye wemibono edume kakhulu ukuthi izinsana zinokungezwani nezinto ezingezwani nezinto ezithile obisini lwebele.

Odokotela bavame ukuncoma umama ukuthi adle ukudla lapho eyeka khona kancane ukudla ukudla okuthile okwaziwayo ukuthi kunegalelo ekuguleni komzimba. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi ubisi lwenkomo, amaqanda, nokolweni. Uma ingane iyeka ukuba nezimpawu, lokhu kudla kungenzeka kube yicala.

Izimbangela ezengeziwe

Ezinye izimbangela ze-colitis zibandakanya ukutheleleka okuvela kuma-parasites, ama-virus, kanye nobuthi bokudla kusuka kubhaktheriya. Ungase futhi uthuthukise isimo uma amathumbu akho amakhulu elashwe ngemisebe.

Ubani osengozini yokuhlaselwa yisifo sofuba

Izici ezahlukahlukene zobungozi zihlotshaniswa nohlobo ngalunye lwe-colitis.

Usengozini enkulu ye-UC uma:

• aphakathi kweminyaka engu-15 no-30 (evame kakhulu) noma engama-60 no-80
• bangabokudabuka kwamaJuda noma abaseCaucasus
• unelungu lomndeni eline-UC

Usengozini enkulu ye-PC uma:

• bathatha ama-antibiotic wesikhathi eside
• balaliswe esibhedlela
• bathola i-chemotherapy
• bathatha imishanguzo yokuzivikela emzimbeni
• badala
• ngike ngaba ne-PC ngaphambili

Usengozini enkulu ye-IC uma:

• bangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50
• babe noma basengozini yesifo senhliziyo
• unokwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• ube nomfutho wegazi ophansi
• ngike ngahlinzwa isisu

Izimpawu ze-colitis

Ngokuya ngesimo sakho, ungahlangabezana nesinye sezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ubuhlungu besisu noma ukuqunjelwa
• ukuqunjelwa esiswini sakho
• ukuncipha komzimba
• uhudo noma ngaphandle kwegazi
• igazi esitokisini sakho
• isidingo esiphuthumayo sokuhambisa amathumbu akho
• Ukugodola noma umkhuhlane
• ukuhlanza

Ukubonana nodokotela nini

Ngenkathi wonke umuntu engaba nohudo ngezikhathi ezithile, bheka udokotela uma unesifo sohudo okungabonakali kuhlobene nokutheleleka, umkhuhlane, noma yikuphi ukudla okwaziwayo okungcolile. Ezinye izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokubona udokotela zifaka:

• ubuhlungu obuhlangene
• ukuqubuka okungenasizathu esaziwayo
• inani elincane legazi esitokisini, njengesitokisi esinezintambo ezibomvu kancane
• ubuhlungu besisu obulokhu bubuya njalo
• ukuncipha kwesisindo okungaqondakali

Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ubona inani elikhulu legazi esitokisini sakho.

Uma uzwa ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle esiswini sakho, kungcono ukhulume nodokotela wakho. Ukulalela umzimba wakho kubalulekile ukuze uhlale kahle.

Ukuhlonza i-colitis

Udokotela wakho angakubuza ngokuvama kwezimpawu zakho nokuthi zaqala nini ukwenzeka. Bazokwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele komzimba futhi basebenzise izivivinyo zokuxilonga njenge:

• colonoscopy, okubandakanya ukufaka ikhamela kushubhu eliguquguqukayo nge-anus ukubuka i-rectum ne-colon
• sigmoidoscopy, efana ne-colonoscopy kodwa ekhombisa kuphela i-rectum ne-colon ephansi
• amasampula endle
• ukucabanga kwesisu okunjenge-MRI noma i-CT scan
• i-ultrasound, ewusizo kuye ngendawo eskeniwe
• i-barium enema, i-X-ray yekoloni ngemuva kokujova nge-barium, esiza ukwenza izithombe zibonakale kakhulu

Ukwelapha i-colitis

Ukwelashwa kuyahlukahluka ngezici ezimbalwa:

• uhlobo lwe-colitis
• ubudala
• isimo somzimba jikelele

Ukuphumula kwamathumbu

Ukulinganisela lokho okungenayo ngomlomo kungasiza, ikakhulukazi uma une-IC. Ukuthatha uketshezi nokunye ukudla okunomsoco ngaphakathi kungadingeka kulesi sikhathi.

Imithi

Udokotela wakho angakunikeza imithi elwa nokuvuvukala yokwelapha ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu, nemithi elwa namagciwane yokwelapha ukutheleleka. Udokotela wakho angakuphatha futhi ngemithi yezinhlungu noma ngezidakamizwa ze-antispasmodic.

Ukuhlinzwa

Ukuhlinzwa ukususa ingxenye noma lonke ikholoni lakho noma i-rectum kungadingeka uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasebenzi.

Umbono

Umbono wakho uncike ohlotsheni lwe-colitis onayo. I-UC ingadinga ukwelashwa kwemithi yempilo yonke ngaphandle kokuthi uhlinzwe. Ezinye izinhlobo, njenge-IC, zingathuthuka ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa. I-PC ngokuvamile iphendula kahle kuma-antibiotic, kepha ingahle iphinde yenzeke.

Kuzo zonke izimo, ukutholwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kubalulekile ekululameni. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kungasiza ekuvikeleni ezinye izinkinga ezinkulu. Yazisa udokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izimpawu obhekene nazo.