Yini imisebe, izinhlobo nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani

-Delile

• Izinhlobo zemisebe nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani
• 1. Imisebe yelanga
• 2. Ionizing imisebe
• 3. Imisebe engeyona i-ionizing

Imisebe wuhlobo lwamandla olusakazeka emvelweni ngejubane elihlukile, elingangena ezintweni ezithile futhi limuncwe isikhumba futhi, kokunye, lingaba yingozi empilweni, lidale izifo ezifana nomdlavuza.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zemisebe yelanga, i-ionizing ne-non-ionizing, futhi kuhlobo ngalunye lwalezi zinhlobo amandla angakhiqizwa yizimboni noma atholakala emvelweni.

Izinhlobo zemisebe nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani

Imisebe ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu, njenge:

1. Imisebe yelanga

Imisebe yelanga, eyaziwa nangokuthi imisebe ye-ultraviolet, ikhishwa yilanga futhi imisebe ye-ultraviolet ingaba ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, njenge:

• Imisebe ye-UVA: zibuthakathaka ngoba zinamandla amancane futhi zidala ukulimala okuphezulu esikhunjeni, njengemibimbi;
• Imisebe ye-UVB: ayimisebe enamandla futhi angalimaza amangqamuzana esikhumba kakhulu, abangele ukusha nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza;
• Imisebe ye-UVC: wuhlobo oluqine kakhulu, kepha alufinyeleli esikhunjeni, njengoba zivikelwe ungqimba lwe-ozone.

Imisebe yelanga ifinyelela esikhunjeni ngamandla amakhulu phakathi kwamahora ayishumi ekuseni kuya kwelesine ntambama, kodwa noma emthunzini abantu bangavezwa yimisebe ye-ultraviolet.

Ukuhlala elangeni isikhathi eside kungadala ukushiswa yilanga nokushiswa ukushisa, okuyilapho kwenzeka khona ukuphelelwa amandla emzimbeni, umkhuhlane, ukuhlanza ngisho nokuquleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvezwa ngokweqile emisebeni ye-ultraviolet kungaholela ekuveleni komdlavuza wesikhumba odala amanxeba, izinsumpa, noma izisihla esikhunjeni. Nakhu ukuthi ungazibona kanjani izimpawu zomdlavuza wesikhumba.

Ungazivikela kanjani: indlela engcono yokuzivikela emisebeni ye-ultraviolet ukusebenzisa i-sunscreen yansuku zonke enesilinganiso esincane se-factor factor 30, ukugqoka izigqoko ukuvikela ubuso bakho emisebeni ye-ultraviolet nokugwema ukushuka okufakelwayo. Futhi nokho, kubalulekile ukugwema ilanga phakathi nosuku, lapho umfutho wemisebe mkhulu kakhulu.

2. Ionizing imisebe

Imisebe ye-Ionizing uhlobo lwamandla amakhulu wemvamisa akhiqizwa ezitshalweni zamandla, olusetshenziswa kumadivayisi we-radiotherapy nasekuhlolweni kwe-imaging, njenge-computed tomography.

Ukuchayeka kulolu hlobo lwemisebe kufanele kube kuncane, ngoba abantu abachayeka kuyo isikhathi eside, bangahle babe nezinkinga ezithile zempilo, ezinjengokucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukugabha, ukuba buthakathaka nokusha esikhunjeni futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ukubonakaliswa kohlobo oluthile womdlavuza.

Ungazivikela kanjani: ukusebenza kwezivivinyo ezikhipha imisebe ye-ionizing, kufanele kwenziwe ngenkomba yezokwelapha, futhi, ezimweni eziningi, azibangeli nkinga yezempilo, njengoba zivame ukushesha.

Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe abaye bavezwa yilolu hlobo lwemisebe isikhathi eside, njengabasebenzi abasebenza emkhakheni we-radiotherapy kanye nabasebenzi bezikhungo zamandla enuzi, kufanele basebenzise ama-radiation dosimeters nezinto zokuzivikela, njenge-vest lead.

3. Imisebe engeyona i-ionizing

Imisebe ye-non-ionizing uhlobo lwamandla amaza aphansi asabalala ngamagagasi kagesi, futhi angavela emithonjeni yemvelo noma engeyona eyemvelo. Ezinye izibonelo zalolu hlobo lwemisebe amagagasi akhishwa yimisakazo, omakhalekhukhwini, izimpondo ze-TV, amalambu kagesi, amanethiwekhi we-wi-fi, ama-microwave neminye imishini kagesi.

Ngokuvamile, imisebe engeyona i-ionizing ayibangeli monakalo empilweni ngoba ithwala amandla amancane, kepha-ke, abantu abasebenza ngezinhlelo zikagesi, njengabasebenza ngogesi kanye nama-welders, basengozini yokuthola ingozi futhi bathole amandla amaningi kakhulu futhi ukusha emzimbeni.

Ungazivikela kanjani: imisebe engeyona i-ionizing ayibangeli ukugula okungathi sína, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sezinyathelo ezithile zokuzivikela. Kodwa-ke, abasebenzi abaxhumana ngqo nezintambo zikagesi kanye nama-generator kufanele basebenzise okokuvikela ukuze kuvikeleke izingozi.