Inhliziyo enkulu (i-cardiomegaly): kuyini, izimpawu, izimbangela nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa
• Izimbangela ezingenzeka ze-cardiomegaly
• Yelashwa kanjani
• 1. Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi
• 2. Ukubekwa kwePacemaker
• 3. Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo
• 4. Coronary dlula ukuhlinzwa
• 5. Ukufakelwa kabusha kwenhliziyo
• Izinkinga ezingenzeka
• Ukunakekelwa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa

I-Cardiomegaly, edume kakhulu njengenhliziyo enkulu, ayisona isifo, kepha iyisibonakaliso sesinye isifo senhliziyo njengokuhluleka kwenhliziyo, isifo semithambo yenhliziyo, izinkinga zama-valve wenhliziyo noma i-arrhythmia, isibonelo. Lezi zifo zingenza imisipha yenhliziyo ibe nkulu noma amakamelo enhliziyo avuleke kakhulu, yenze inhliziyo ibe nkulu.

Lolu hlobo loguquko enhliziyweni lwenzeka kaningi kubantu asebekhulile, kepha kungenzeka nakwabantu abadala abasebasha noma ezinganeni ezinezinkinga zenhliziyo futhi, zisencane, kungenzeka zingakhombisi zimpawu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokukhula kwenhliziyo, ukupompa igazi emzimbeni wonke kuyengozini, okubangela ukukhathala okukhulu nokuphefumula okuncane, ngokwesibonelo.

Yize kuyisimo esibi esingaholela ekufeni, i-cardiomegaly ingelashwa ngudokotela wenhliziyo ngemithi noma ngokuhlinzwa, futhi iyelapheka uma ikhonjwa ekuqaleni.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Esigabeni sokuqala, i-cardiomegaly ngokuvamile ayizibonisi izimpawu, noma kunjalo, ngokuqhubeka kwenkinga, inhliziyo iqala ukuba nobunzima obukhulu bokumpompa igazi emzimbeni ngokufanele.

Ezigabeni ezithuthuke kakhulu, izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-cardiomegaly zifaka:

• Ukuphefumula okuncane ngesikhathi sokuzikhandla komzimba, ekuphumuleni noma lapho ulele ngomhlane;
• Ukuzwa kokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile;
• Ubuhlungu besifuba;
• Khwehlela, ikakhulukazi uma ulele;
• Isiyezi nokuquleka;
• Ubuthakathaka nokukhathala lapho wenza imizamo emincane;
• Ukukhathala ngokweqile njalo;
• Ukuphefumula okuncane ngesikhathi sokuzikhandla komzimba, ekuphumuleni noma lapho ulele ngomhlane;
• Ukuvuvukala emilenzeni, emaqakaleni noma ezinyaweni;
• Ukuvuvukala ngokweqile esiswini.

Kubalulekile ukuthintana nodokotela wenhliziyo ngokushesha nje lapho lezi zimpawu zivela, noma ukufuna umnyango ophuthumayo oseduze uma uthola izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo njengobuhlungu besifuba nokuphefumula kanzima. Yazi ukuthi ungazibona kanjani izimpawu zokuqala zezinkinga zenhliziyo.

Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa

Ukuxilongwa kwe-cardiomegaly kwenziwa ngokususelwa emlandweni womtholampilo nangezivivinyo ezinjenge-x-ray, ama-electrocardiograms, ama-echocardiograms, i-computed tomography noma i-resonance kazibuthe ukuhlola ukusebenza kwenhliziyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungalawulwa ukuthola amazinga ezinye izinto ezisegazini ezingadala inkinga yenhliziyo.

Ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlolwa i-cardiologist engaku-oda yi-catheterization, ekuvumela ukuthi ubuke inhliziyo ngaphakathi nangaphakathi kwe-biopsy yenhliziyo, engenziwa ngesikhathi se-catheterization ukuhlola ukulimala kwamangqamuzana enhliziyo. Thola ukuthi i-catheterization yenhliziyo yenziwa kanjani.

Izimbangela ezingenzeka ze-cardiomegaly

I-Cardiomegaly imvamisa ingumphumela wezifo ezithile ezinjenge:

• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme wegazi;
• Izinkinga ze-Coronary ezifana nokuvinjelwa kwe-coronary;
• Ukungakwazi ukusebenza kwenhliziyo;
• I-arrhythmia yenhliziyo;
• I-Cardiomyopathy;
• Isifinyezo;
• Isifo se-valve senhliziyo ngenxa ye-rheumatic fever noma ukutheleleka kwenhliziyo njenge-endocarditis;
• Isifo sikashukela;
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme wamaphaphu;
• Isifo samaphaphu esingapheliyo;
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso;
• Ukushoda kwegazi;
• Izinkinga endlala yegilo njenge-hypo noma i-hyperthyroidism;
• Izinga eliphezulu lensimbi egazini;
• Isifo se-Chagas;
• Ukuphuza ngokweqile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye imithi yokwelapha umdlavuza, efana ne-doxorubicin, i-epirubicin, i-daunorubicin noma i-cyclophosphamide, nayo ingadala ukuvela kwe-cardiomegaly.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwe-cardiomegaly kufanele kuqondiswe yi-cardiologist futhi imvamisa kufaka:

1. Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi

Imithi i-cardiologist engayibeka ukuthi yelaphe i-cardiomegaly yile:

• Izidakamizwa njenge-furosemide noma i-indapamide: zisiza ukususa uketshezi oluningi emzimbeni, lukuvimbele ekuqongeleleni emithanjeni futhi kuphazamise ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ngaphezu kokwehlisa ukuvuvukala esiswini nasemilenzeni, ezinyaweni nasemaqakaleni;
• Izidakamizwa ezinomfutho wegazi ophezulu njenge-captopril, i-enalapril, i-losartan, i-valsartan, i-carvedilol noma i-bisoprolol: zisiza ukwenza ngcono ukuvuleka kwemikhumbi, zikhuphule ukugeleza kwegazi futhi zenze lula umsebenzi wenhliziyo;
• Ama-anticoagulants njenge-warfarin noma i-aspirin: ukunciphisa i-viscosity yegazi, ukuvimbela ukuvela kwamahlule angadala ukubola noma unhlangothi;
• I-antiarrhythmic njenge-digoxin: iqinisa imisipha yenhliziyo, yenza kube lula ukuphambana futhi ivumela ukudonsa igazi okusebenzayo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwale mithi kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngaphansi kweso lodokotela wenhliziyo kanye nemithamo ethile yomuntu ngamunye.

2. Ukubekwa kwePacemaker

Kwezinye izimo ze-cardiomegaly, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni ezithuthuke kakhulu, i-cardiologist ingakhombisa ukubekwa kwe-pacemaker ukuxhumanisa imizwa kagesi kanye nokuncipha kwemisipha yenhliziyo, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwayo nokwenza lula umsebenzi wenhliziyo.

3. Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo

Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo kungenziwa ngudokotela wenhliziyo uma imbangela ye-cardiomegaly isici noma ushintsho kuma-valves enhliziyo. Ukuhlinzwa kukuvumela ukuthi ulungise noma ushintshe i-valve ethintekile.

4. Coronary dlula ukuhlinzwa

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Coronary bypass kungakhonjiswa ngudokotela wenhliziyo uma i-cardiomegaly ibangelwa yizinkinga zemithambo yegazi ebhekele ukunisela inhliziyo.

Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuvumela ukulungisa nokuqondisa kabusha ukugeleza kwegazi komthambo we-coronary othintekile futhi kusiza ukulawula izimpawu zobuhlungu besifuba nobunzima bokuphefumula.

5. Ukufakelwa kabusha kwenhliziyo

Ukufakelwa kwenhliziyo kungenziwa uma ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa zingasebenzi ekulawuleni izimpawu ze-cardiomegaly, okuyindlela yokugcina yokwelashwa. Thola ukuthi ukufakelwa inhliziyo kwenziwa kanjani.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka

Izinkinga ezingabangelwa yi-cardiomegaly yilezi:

• Isifinyezo;
• Ukwakhiwa kwamahlule egazi;
• Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo;
• Ukufa okungazelelwe.

Lezi zinkinga zixhomeke ekutheni iyiphi ingxenye yenhliziyo eyandisiwe nembangela ye-cardiomegaly. Ngakho-ke, noma nini lapho kusolwa inkinga yenhliziyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha.

Ukunakekelwa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa

Ezinye izinyathelo ezibalulekile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-cardiomegaly yilezi:

• Ungabhemi;
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo;
• Gcina amazinga eglucose egazini lakho elawula futhi uthathe ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela okunconywe udokotela wakho;
• Ingabe ukuqapha kwezokwelapha ukulawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme;
• Gwema iziphuzo ezidakayo kanye ne-caffeine;
• Ungasebenzisi izidakamizwa ezifana ne-cocaine noma i-amphetamines;
• Yenza izivivinyo zomzimba ezinconywe ngudokotela;
• Lala okungenani amahora ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwayisi-9 ebusuku.

Kubalulekile futhi ukulandela udokotela wenhliziyo okufanele futhi aqondise izinguquko ekudleni futhi adle ukudla okunomsoco ophansi kunamafutha, ushukela noma usawoti. Bheka uhlu oluphelele lokudla okulungele inhliziyo.