Demyelination: Kuyini Futhi Kungani Kwenzeka?

-Delile

• Imizwa
• UMyelin
• Izimbangela zokususwa esikhundleni
• Izimpawu zokususwa esikhundleni
• Izimpawu zakuqala zokususwa esikhundleni
• Izimpawu ezihambisana nomphumela wokususwa komzimba emithanjeni
• Izinhlobo zokususwa esikhundleni
• Ukwehliswa kwemizimba kokuvuvukala
• Ukwehliswa kwegciwane ngegciwane
• Ukudonswa kwamandla kanye ne-multiple sclerosis
• Ukwelashwa nokuxilongwa
• I-Demyelination MRI
• Izitatimende
• Imithi yokugoma nokususa isidumbu
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Kuyini ukususa umbuso kubantu?

Imizwa ithumela futhi yamukele imilayezo evela kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wakho futhi iyicubungule ebuchosheni bakho. Bayakuvumela ukuthi:

• khuluma
• bheka
• uzizwe
• cabanga

Izinzwa eziningi zifakwe i-myelin. I-Myelin yinto yokuvikela izinto. Lapho igugile noma yonakele, izinzwa zingonakala, zidale izinkinga ebuchosheni nasemzimbeni wonke. Ukulimala kwe-myelin ezungeze izinzwa kubizwa ngokuthi yi-demyelination.

Imizwa

Imizwa yakhiwa ama-neurons. Ama-Neurons akhiwa:

• umzimba weseli
• dendrites
• i-axon

I-axon ithumela imilayezo kusuka ku-neuron eyodwa iye kwesinye. Ama-axon abuye axhume ama-neurons kwamanye amaseli, njengamaseli emisipha.

Amanye ama-axon amafushane ngokwedlulele, kanti amanye anamamitha amathathu ubude. Ama-axon ahlanganiswe ne-myelin. UMyelin uvikela ama-axon futhi usiza ukuthwala imiyalezo ye-axon ngokushesha okukhulu.

UMyelin

I-Myelin yenziwe ngezingqimba ze-membrane ezihlanganisa i-axon. Lokhu kuyefana nomqondo wocingo lukagesi olunokumbozwa ukuvikela insimbi engaphansi.

I-Myelin ivumela isignali yezinzwa ukuhamba ngokushesha. Ezingxenyeni ezingabonakali ze-neurons, isignali ingahamba emithanjeni cishe imitha elilodwa ngomzuzwana. Ku-neuron esetshenzisiwe, isignali ingahamba amamitha ayi-100 ngomzuzwana.

Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha zingalimaza i-myelin. Ukususwa kombuso kubambezela imilayezo ethunyelwe kanye nama-axon futhi kudale ukuthi i-axon yehle. Ngokuya ngendawo yomonakalo, ukulahleka kwe-axon kungadala izinkinga nge:

• umuzwa
• ezihambayo
• ebona
• ukuzwa
• ukucabanga kahle

Izimbangela zokususwa esikhundleni

Ukuvuvukala kuyimbangela evame kakhulu yomonakalo we-myelin. Ezinye izimbangela zifaka:

• izifo ezithile ezibangelwa amagciwane
• izinkinga ze-metabolic
• ukulahleka komoya-mpilo
• kokucindezelwa ngokomzimba

Izimpawu zokususwa esikhundleni

Ukususwa kombala kuvimbela imizwa ukuthi ikwazi ukuhambisa imiyalezo iye noma ibuye ebuchosheni. Imiphumela yokususwa esikhundleni ingasuswa ngokushesha. Ku-Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), i-myelin ingahle ihlaselwe amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu.

Izimpawu zakuqala zokususwa esikhundleni

Akuwona wonke umuntu othinteka yizimo zokudiliza phansi ngendlela efanayo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimpawu zokudonswa kwesikhumba zivame kakhulu.

Izimpawu zokuqala - eziphakathi kwezimpawu zokuqala zokwehliswa esikhundleni - zifaka:

• ukulahleka kombono
• Izinkinga zesinye noma zamathumbu
• ubuhlungu obungavamile bezinzwa
• ukukhathala jikelele

Izimpawu ezihambisana nomphumela wokususwa komzimba emithanjeni

Imithambo iyingxenye esemqoka yemisebenzi yomzimba wakho, ngakho-ke izimpawu ezahlukahlukene zingenzeka lapho izinzwa zithinteka ngokudonswa phansi, kufaka phakathi:

• ukuba ndikindiki
• ukulahleka kwengqondo kanye nokunyakaza okungahambisani
• umfutho wegazi ongalawulwa kahle
• ukungaboni kahle
• isiyezi
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okugijimayo noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo
• izinkinga zememori
• ubuhlungu
• ukulahleka kwesinye nokulawulwa kwamathumbu
• ukukhathala

Izimpawu zingafika zidlule ezimeni ezingalapheki, njenge-multiple sclerosis (MS), futhi ziqhubeke eminyakeni edlule.

Izinhlobo zokususwa esikhundleni

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokususwa esikhundleni. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukukhishwa kwesikhumba okuvuvukalayo kanye nokubulawa kwegciwane emzimbeni.

Ukwehliswa kwemizimba kokuvuvukala

Ukwehliswa kwamandla okuvuvukala kwenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba ehlasela i-myelin. Izinhlobo zokususwa kabusha kwegazi njenge-MS, i-optic neuritis, kanye ne-encephalomyelitis esatshalaliswa kakhulu kubangelwa ukuvuvukala ebuchosheni nasentanyeni yomgogodla.

I-GBS ifaka phakathi ukwehla kokuvuvukala kwemizwa yezinzwa zomzimba kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Ukwehliswa kwegciwane ngegciwane

Ukwehliswa kwegciwane ngegciwane kwenzeka nge-leukoencephalopathy eqhubekayo ye-multifocal (PML). I-PML ibangelwa igciwane le-JC. Ukulimala kwe-Myelin nakho kungenzeka nge:

• ukuphuza ngokweqile
• ukulimala kwesibindi
• ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte

Ukwehliswa komzimba kwe-Hypoxic-ischemic kwenzeka ngenxa yesifo semithambo noma ukungabi khona komoya-mpilo ebuchosheni.

Ukudonswa kwamandla kanye ne-multiple sclerosis

I-MS yisimo esivame kakhulu sokudanjiswa kwesimo. NgokweNational MS Society, ithinta abantu abayizigidi ezingama-2.3 emhlabeni jikelele.

Ku-MS, ukudilizwa phansi kwenzeka endabeni emhlophe yobuchopho nasentanyeni yomgogodla. Izilonda noma "amapuleti" bese akha lapho i-myelin ihlaselwa khona amasosha omzimba. Eziningi zalezi zingcwecwe, noma izicubu ezibomvu, zenzeka ebuchosheni ngokuhamba kweminyaka.

Izinhlobo ze-MS yilezi:

• isifo esihlukanisiwe nomtholampilo
• ukubuyisela kabusha i-MS
• i-MS eyinhloko eqhubekayo
• i-MS yesibili eqhubekayo

Ukwelashwa nokuxilongwa

Alikho ikhambi lezimo zokudiliza, kepha ukukhula okusha kwe-myelin kungenzeka ezindaweni zomonakalo. Kodwa-ke, ivame ukuba mncane futhi ingasebenzi kahle. Abaphenyi babheka izindlela zokwandisa amandla omzimba okukhulisa i-myelin entsha.

Iningi lezindlela zokwelashwa ezidonsela phansi izimo zinciphisa ukuphendula komzimba. Ukwelashwa kuhilela ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezifana ne-interferon beta-1a noma i-glatiramer acetate.

Abantu abanamazinga aphansi kavithamini D bathuthukisa kalula i-MS noma ezinye izimo zokudambisa amandla. Amazinga aphezulu kavithamini D anganciphisa izimpendulo zomzimba zokuvuvukala.

I-Demyelination MRI

Izimo zokudonswa kwamandla, ikakhulukazi i-MS ne-optic neuritis, noma ukuvuvukala kwemizwa ye-optic, ziyatholakala ngokuskena kwe-MRI. Ama-MRIs angakhombisa izingqimba zokudonswa kobuchopho ebuchosheni nasezinzwa, ikakhulukazi lezo ezibangelwa yi-MS.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angakwazi ukuthola izingcwecwe noma izilonda ezithinta isistimu yakho yezinzwa. Ukwelashwa kungabhekiswa ngqo emthonjeni wokususwa kombuso emzimbeni wakho.

Izitatimende

Isistimu yezinzwa ephakathi (CNS) iyakwazi ukukhiqiza i-cholesterol yayo. Umbukiso wamanje wokuthi uma uthatha ama-statins ukunciphisa i-cholesterol emzimbeni wakho, akunakwenzeka ukuthi athinte i-cholesterol yakho ye-CNS.

Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwathola nokuthi ukwelashwa kwe-statin kungavikela ekulweni nesifo i-Alzheimer's (AD) kubantu abangakaze babhekane nokukhubazeka kwengqondo futhi basebancane.

bathole ukuthi ama-statin anganciphisa izinga lokwehla kwengqondo futhi abambezele ukuqala kwe-AD. Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka, futhi asikabi nayo impendulo eqondile. Olunye ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ama-statins akayithinti i-CNS noma ukuvuselelwa kabusha, kanti abanye bathi bayakwenza.

Njengamanje, ubufakazi obuningi abukhombisi ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-statin kungaba yingozi ekuvuseleleni kabusha ngaphakathi kwe-CNS. Noma kunjalo, imiphumela yama-statins ekusebenzeni kokuqonda ihlala iphikisana ngalesi sikhathi.

Imithi yokugoma nokususa isidumbu

Ukwenza kusebenze amasosha omzimba ngomuthi wokugoma kungadala ukusabela okuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka kuphela kubantu abambalwa abanamasosha omzimba we-hypersensitive.

Ezinye izingane nabantu abadala bathola "ama-syndromes abukhali adonsela phansi" ngemuva kokuchayeka emithini yokugoma ethile, njengaleyo yomkhuhlane noma i-HPV.

Kodwa kube nezigameko ezibhaliwe ezingama-71 kuphela kusuka ku-1979 kuya ku-2014, futhi akuqinisekile ukuthi imishanguzo yokugoma iyona eyimbangela yokususwa kombuso.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Izimo zokudonswa kwesikhumba zingabonakala zibuhlungu futhi zingalawuleki ekuqaleni. Kodwa-ke, kusenokwenzeka ukuthi uphile kahle nge-MS nezinye izimo ezivamile.

Kukhona ucwaningo olusha oluthembisayo mayelana nezimbangela zokudonswa esikhundleni kanye nokuthi ungaphatha kanjani imithombo yezinto eziphilayo zokuwohloka kwe-myelin. Ukwelashwa nakho kuyathuthukiswa ekuphathweni kobuhlungu obubangelwa ukudilizwa.

Izimo zokudonswa kwamabhilidi kungenzeka zingelapheki. Kodwa-ke, ungakhuluma nokunakekelwa kwakho kwezempilo ngemithi nangezinye izindlela zokwelashwa ezingakusiza ufunde kabanzi ngesimo sakho.

Uma wazi ngokwengeziwe, lapho ungenza okwengeziwe ukubhekana nezimpawu, njengokwenza ushintsho endleleni yokuphila, ukukusiza ukuphatha ngempumelelo ubuhlungu.