Kungani i-Cholesterol Yezokudla Ingabalulekile (Kubantu Abaningi)

-Delile

• Yini i-cholesterol?
• Cholesterol kanye lipoproteins
• I-low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
• I-high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
• I-cholesterol yokudla iyithinta kanjani i-cholesterol yegazi?
• I-cholesterol yokudla nesifo senhliziyo
• Ucwaningo lwekhwalithi ephezulu alutholi ukuxhumana nesifo senhliziyo
• Ingabe kufanele ugweme ukudla okunamafutha amaningi?
• Izindlela zokwehlisa i-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi
• Okubalulekile

Ukubuka konke

Izinga eliphakeme le-cholesterol egazini liyisici esiyingozi esaziwayo sesifo senhliziyo.

Sekungamashumi eminyaka, abantu betshelwe ukuthi i-cholesterol yokudla ekudleni inyusa amazinga e-cholesterol egazini futhi ibanga isifo senhliziyo.

Lo mbono kungenzeka ukuthi wawuyisiphetho esinengqondo esuselwa kwisayensi eyayikhona eminyakeni engama-50 edlule, kodwa okungcono, ubufakazi bamuva nje abuwusekeli.

Lo mbhalo ubhekisisa ucwaningo lwamanje nge-cholesterol edlayo kanye nendima eliyidlalayo emazingeni e-cholesterol egazini nasezifweni zenhliziyo.

Yini i-cholesterol?

I-cholesterol yinto e-wax, efana namafutha eyenzeka ngokwemvelo emzimbeni wakho.

Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi i-cholesterol iyingozi, kepha iqiniso ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthi umzimba wakho usebenze.

I-cholesterol inegalelo ekwakhiweni kolwelwesi lwayo yonke iseli emzimbeni wakho.

Umzimba wakho nawo uyayidinga ukwenza ama-hormone novithamini D, kanye nokwenza eminye imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ebalulekile. Kalula nje, ubungeke uphile ngaphandle kwawo.

Umzimba wakho wenza yonke i-cholesterol eyidingayo, kodwa futhi umunca inani elincane kakhulu le-cholesterol ekudleni okuthile, njengamaqanda, inyama, nemikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha agcwele.

I-cholesterol yinto enjenge-wax, efana namafutha abantu abayidingayo ukuze baphile. Umzimba wakho wenza i-cholesterol futhi uyimunce ekudleni okudlayo.

Cholesterol kanye lipoproteins

Lapho abantu bekhuluma nge-cholesterol maqondana nempilo yenhliziyo, imvamisa abakhulumi nge-cholesterol uqobo.

Babhekisa kuma-lipoprotein - izakhiwo ezithwala i-cholesterol egazini.

Ama-lipoprotein enziwe ngamafutha (lipid) ngaphakathi namaprotheni ngaphandle.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-lipoprotein, kepha okubili okubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yenhliziyo yi-low-density lipoprotein (LDL) ne-high-density lipoprotein (HDL).

I-low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

I-LDL inama-lipoprotein egazi angama-60-70% futhi inesibopho sokuthwala izinhlayiya ze-cholesterol emzimbeni wakho wonke.

Kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-cholesterol "embi", njengoba ixhunyaniswe ne-atherosclerosis, noma i-plaque eyakhiwe emithanjeni.

Ukuba ne-cholesterol eningi ephethwe yi-LDL lipoproteins kuhlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yesifo senhliziyo. Eqinisweni, lapho izinga liphakama, iba nkulu ingozi (,).

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-LDL, ikakhulukazi ezihlukaniswe ngosayizi. Zivame ukuhlukaniswa njengezincane, i-LDL eminyene noma i-LDL enkulu.

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi abantu abanezinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo kunalezo ezinezinhlayiya ezinkulu kakhulu ().

Noma kunjalo, ubukhulu bezinhlayiya ze-LDL akuyona into ebaluleke kakhulu engcupheni - yinani lazo. Lesi silinganiso sibizwa ngokuthi yinombolo yezinhlayiyana ze-LDL, noma i-LDL-P.

Ngokuvamile, inani eliphakeme lezinhlayiya ze-LDL onalo, liyanda kakhulu amathuba okuba nesifo senhliziyo.

I-high-density lipoprotein (HDL)

I-HDL ithatha i-cholesterol eyeqile emzimbeni wakho bese iyibuyisela esibindini sakho, lapho ingasetshenziswa khona noma ikhishwe khona.

Obunye ubufakazi bukhombisa ukuthi i-HDL ivikela ekwakhiweni kocwecwe olungaphakathi kwemithambo yakho (4,).

Kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-cholesterol "enhle", njengoba ukuba ne-cholesterol ethwalwa yizinhlayiya ze-HDL kuhlotshaniswa nokwehla kwengozi yesifo senhliziyo (,,).

Ama-lipoprotein izinhlayiya ezithwala i-cholesterol emzimbeni wakho. Izinga eliphakeme lama-lipoprotein e-LDL lihlotshaniswa nengozi enkulu yesifo senhliziyo, kanti izinga eliphezulu le-HDL lipoproteins lehlisa ubungozi bakho.

I-cholesterol yokudla iyithinta kanjani i-cholesterol yegazi?

Inani le-cholesterol ekudleni kwakho nenani le-cholesterol egazini lakho izinto ezihluke kakhulu.

Yize kungabonakala kunengqondo ukuthi ukudla i-cholesterol kunganyusa amazinga e-cholesterol egazini, imvamisa akusebenzi ngaleyo ndlela.

Umzimba ulawula ngokuqinile inani le-cholesterol esegazini ngokulawula ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwe-cholesterol.

Lapho ukudla okudlayo kwe-cholesterol kwehla, umzimba wakho wenza okuningi. Uma udla inani elikhulu le-cholesterol, umzimba wakho wenza kancane. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukudla okune-cholesterol eningi yokudla kunomthelela omncane kakhulu emazingeni e-cholesterol egazini kubantu abaningi (,,,).

Kodwa-ke, kwabanye abantu, ukudla okunamafutha amaningi kunyusa amazinga egazi egazini. Laba bantu bakha cishe i-40% yabantu futhi kaningi kubhekiswa kubo ngokuthi "ama-hyperresponders." Lo mkhuba uthathwa njengofuzo (,).

Noma i-cholesterol yokudla inyusa i-LDL ngokuthobekile kulaba bantu, akubonakali ikhulisa ubungozi besifo senhliziyo (,).

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwanda okujwayelekile kwezinhlayiya ze-LDL kukhombisa ukwanda kwezinhlayiya ezinkulu ze-LDL - hhayi i-LDL eminyene. Eqinisweni, abantu abanezinhlayiya ezinkulu ze-LDL banengozi ephansi yesifo senhliziyo ().

Ama-Hyperresponders nawo abhekana nokwanda kwezinhlayiya ze-HDL, okususa ukwanda kwe-LDL ngokuhambisa i-cholesterol eyeqile esibindini ukuze isuswe emzimbeni ().

Njengalokhu, ngenkathi isiphathimandla se-hyperresponders sikhuphula amazinga e-cholesterol lapho bekhulisa i-cholesterol yabo yokudla, isilinganiso se-LDL ne-HDL cholesterol kulaba bantu sihlala silingana futhi ingozi yabo yesifo senhliziyo ibonakala ingakhuphuki.

Vele, kunokuhlala okuhlukile kokudla okunomsoco, futhi abanye abantu bangabona imiphumela emibi ngokudla ukudla okunothe kakhulu kwe-cholesterol.

Iningi labantu lingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokudla okuphezulu kwe-cholesterol. Ngakho-ke, i-cholesterol yokudla ayinamthelela omncane emazingeni e-cholesterol egazini.

I-cholesterol yokudla nesifo senhliziyo

Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo evamile, isifo senhliziyo asibangelwa kuphela yi-cholesterol.

Ziningi izinto ezithintekayo kulesi sifo, kufaka phakathi ukuvuvukala, ukucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative, umfutho wegazi ophezulu nokubhema.

Ngenkathi isifo senhliziyo sivame ukuqhutshwa ngama-lipoprotein athwala i-cholesterol nxazonke, i-cholesterol yokudla, uqobo lwayo, ayinamphumela omncane kulokhu.

Kodwa-ke, ukupheka okushisa kakhulu kokudla okunothe kwe-cholesterol kungadala ukwakheka kwama-oxysterols ().

Ososayensi baye bacabanga ukuthi amazinga aphezulu egazi ama-oxysterols angaba nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni isifo senhliziyo, kepha obunye ubufakazi buyadingeka ngaphambi kokuba kufinyelelwe esiphethweni esiqinile ().

Ucwaningo lwekhwalithi ephezulu alutholi ukuxhumana nesifo senhliziyo

Izifundo ezisezingeni eliphakeme zikhombisile ukuthi i-cholesterol yokudla ayihlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yesifo senhliziyo (,).

Ucwaningo oluningi lwenziwe ngamaqanda ikakhulukazi. Amaqanda angumthombo obalulekile we-cholesterol yokudla, kepha ucwaningo oluningi lukhombisile ukuthi ukuwadla akuhlotshaniswa nengozi ephakeme yesifo senhliziyo (,,,,).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqanda angasiza nasekuthuthukiseni amaphrofayli akho e-lipoprotein, anganciphisa ingozi yakho.

Ucwaningo oluthile luqhathanise imiphumela yamaqanda aphelele kanye neqanda elingenaqanda ngesikhupha emazingeni e-cholesterol.

Abantu abadle amaqanda amathathu aphelele ngosuku babone ukwanda okukhulu kwezinhlayiya ze-HDL kanye nokwehla okukhulu kwezinhlayiya ze-LDL kunalabo abadle inani elilinganayo leqanda ().

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ukudla amaqanda kungabeka ingozi kulabo abanesifo sikashukela, okungenani esimweni sokudla okuvamile kwaseNtshonalanga. Olunye ucwaningo lukhombisa ukwanda kwesifo senhliziyo kubantu abanesifo sikashukela abadla amaqanda ().

I-cholesterol yokudla ayixhunyaniswa nengozi yesifo senhliziyo. Ukudla okune-cholesterol ephezulu njengamaqanda kukhonjisiwe ukuthi kuphephile futhi kunempilo.

Ingabe kufanele ugweme ukudla okunamafutha amaningi?

Sekuyiminyaka, abantu betshelwa ukuthi ukudla kakhulu i-cholesterol kungadala isifo senhliziyo.

Kodwa-ke, izifundo ezibalulwe ngenhla zikubeke kwacaca ukuthi lokhu akunjalo ().

Ukudla okuningi kwe-cholesterol ephezulu nakho kuphakathi kokudla okunomsoco kakhulu emhlabeni.

Lokhu kufaka phakathi inyama yenkomo edliwe ngotshani, amaqanda aphelele, imikhiqizo yobisi egcwele amafutha, uwoyela wezinhlanzi, i-shellfish, isardadi nesibindi.

Okuningi kwalokhu kudla nakho kunamafutha agcwele. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ukufaka esikhundleni samafutha agcwele ukudla kudliwe ngamafutha we-polyunsaturated kunciphisa ubungozi besifo senhliziyo ().

Indima engaba khona yamafutha agcwele ekukhuleni kwesifo senhliziyo ngenye indlela iyimpikiswano ().

Ukudla okuningi okune-cholesterol eningi kunomsoco omkhulu. Lokhu kufaka amaqanda aphelele, uwoyela wezinhlanzi, isardadi nesibindi.

Izindlela zokwehlisa i-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi

Uma une-cholesterol ephezulu, ungayihlisa ngokushintsha okulula kwendlela yokuphila.

Isibonelo, ukwehlisa isisindo esengeziwe kungasiza ukubuyisela emuva i-cholesterol ephezulu.

Ucwaningo oluningana lukhombisa ukuthi ukwehlisa umzimba ngesizotha okungu-5-10% kunganciphisa i-cholesterol futhi kwehlise ubungozi besifo senhliziyo kubantu abanesisindo esiningi (,,,,).

Futhi, ukudla okuningi kungasiza ukwehlisa i-cholesterol. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukwatapheya, imidumba, amantongomane, ukudla kwesoya, izithelo nemifino (,,,).

Ukungeza lokhu kudla ekudleni kwakho kungasiza ukwehlisa i-cholesterol futhi kunciphise ubungozi besifo senhliziyo.

Ukuzivocavoca umzimba nakho kubalulekile. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukuvivinya umzimba kuthuthukisa amazinga e-cholesterol nempilo yenhliziyo (,,).

Ezimweni eziningi, i-cholesterol ephezulu ingancishiswa ngokwenza izinguquko zokuphila ezilula. Ukwehlisa isisindo esengeziwe, ukwandisa umsebenzi womzimba, nokudla ukudla okunempilo konke kungasiza ukwehlisa i-cholesterol futhi kuthuthukise impilo yenhliziyo.

Okubalulekile

Izinga eliphakeme le-cholesterol egazini liyingcuphe yesifo senhliziyo.

Kodwa-ke, i-cholesterol edlayo ayinamthelela omncane emazingeni e-cholesterol egazini kubantu abaningi.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, akukho ukuxhumana okuphawulekayo phakathi kwe-cholesterol oyidlayo kanye nengozi yesifo senhliziyo.