9 izifo ezivamile zenhliziyo: izimpawu, izimbangela kanye nokwelashwa

-Delile

• 1. Umfutho wegazi ophezulu
• 2. I-infarction ye-myocardial enamandla
• 3. Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• 4. Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso
• 5. I-Endocarditis
• 6. Ama-arrhythmias enhliziyo
• 7. Angina
• 8. I-Myocarditis
• 9. I-Valvulopathies
• Ungasigwema kanjani isifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi

Izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi ziyisethi yezinkinga ezithinta inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, futhi eziqubuka ngokuguga, imvamisa zihlobene nemikhuba yokuphila engenampilo, njengokudla okunamafutha amaningi nokungasebenzi komzimba, ngokwesibonelo. Kodwa-ke, izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi nazo zingatholakala lapho kuzalwa, njengoba kunjalo nangezifo zenhliziyo ezalwa naso.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi zingenzeka ngenxa yokutheleleka ngamagciwane, isikhunta noma amabhaktheriya, adala ukuvuvukala kwenhliziyo, njengasesimweni se-endocarditis ne-myocarditis.

Kubalulekile ukuthi izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi ziphathwe kahle ngoba, ngaphezu kokubanga izimpawu ezingakhululeki, njengokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukuvuvukala emzimbeni, nakho kuyimbangela enkulu yokufa emhlabeni. Bheka izimpawu eziyi-11 ezingakhombisa izinkinga zenhliziyo.

1. Umfutho wegazi ophezulu

Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ubonakala ngokwanda komfutho wegazi, imvamisa ngenhla kuka-130 x 80 mmHg, ongaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle kwenhliziyo. Lesi simo singenzeka ngenxa yokuguga, ukuntuleka kokuvivinya umzimba, ukukhuluphala kwesisindo noma ukusebenzisa usawoti ngokweqile, isibonelo, noma kunjalo umfutho wegazi ophakeme ungenzeka ngenxa yezinye izimo, njengesifo sikashukela noma izifo zezinso, isibonelo.

Ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi akuvamisile ukudala izimpawu, kepha kwezinye izimo kungabonwa ngezinye zazo, njengesizunguzungu, ikhanda elibuhlungu, izinguquko kumbono nobuhlungu besifuba, ngokwesibonelo. Funda ukuthi ungabona kanjani umfutho wegazi ophakeme.

Ukwelashwa: Kunconywa ukuthi ulandele umfutho wegazi ophakeme nodokotela ojwayelekile noma udokotela wenhliziyo, njengoba kungadingeka ukusebenzisa imithi, ngaphezu kokudla kasawoti okuphansi.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuzivocavoca umzimba, ugweme ukubhema, uphuze okungenani amalitha amabili amanzi ngosuku futhi ubheke ingcindezi njalo. Uma ingcindezi ihlala iphakeme ngisho nangokwelashwa okunconyiwe, kunconywa ukuthi ubuyele kudokotela wenhliziyo ukuze kwenziwe ukuhlolwa okusha nokwelashwa okuguquliwe.

2. I-infarction ye-myocardial enamandla

I-Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), noma isifo senhliziyo, kwenzeka ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokugeleza kwegazi liye enhliziyweni, isikhathi esiningi ngenxa yokuqoqwa kwamafutha emithanjeni yenhliziyo. Uphawu oluphawuleka kakhulu lokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo wubuhlungu obukhulu kakhulu esifubeni obungaphuma buye engalweni, kepha futhi kungaba nesiyezi, ukujuluka okubandayo nokugula.

Ukwelashwa: ezimweni zokuthi kukhona okusolayo, kuyanconywa ukuthi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha okukhulu ukuze kuqale ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa ezivimbela ukwakheka kwamahlule nokuthanda ukugeleza kwegazi. Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo kungadingeka. Qonda ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-infarction kwenziwa kanjani.

Ngemuva kokwelashwa okuphuthumayo, kubalulekile ukulandela imihlahlandlela yezokwelapha, njalo uthathe imishanguzo enqunyiwe futhi usebenzise imikhuba enempilo, njengokuvivinya umzimba njalo nokudla okuncane okunamafutha futhi ocebile ngezithelo nemifino.

3. Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kuvame kakhulu kubantu abane-high blood pressure, okungaholela ekwenzeni buthakathaka kwemisipha yenhliziyo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kube nzima ukupompa igazi emzimbeni. Izimpawu eziyinhloko ezihambisana nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo ukukhathala okuqhubekayo, ukuvuvukala emilenzeni nasezinyaweni, ukukhwehlela owomile ebusuku nokuphefumula.

Ukwelashwa: kufanele ikhonjiswe ngudokotela wenhliziyo, kepha imvamisa yenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwemithi yokwehlisa ingcindezi, njenge-Enalapril neLisinopril, ngokwesibonelo, ehlotshaniswa ne-diuretics, efana neFurosemide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo, lapho kukhonjiswa ngokufanele ngudokotela wenhliziyo yakho, futhi kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kasawoti, ukulawula ingcindezi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kugwenywe ukuqeda inhliziyo.

4. Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso

Izifo zenhliziyo ezalwa naso yilezo lapho inhliziyo iba nezinguquko phakathi nenqubo yokukhula noma ngabe ikhulelwe, okungaholela ekuguqulweni kokusebenza kwenhliziyo esevele izelwe nengane. Lezi zifo zenhliziyo zingabonakala ngisho nasesibelethweni sikamama, kusetshenziswa i-ultrasound kanye ne-echocardiography futhi kungaba mnene noma kube nzima. Yazi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zesifo senhliziyo esizalwe naso.

Ukwelashwa: kuyehluka kuye ngobukhulu, futhi kuyanconywa, esimweni sesifo senhliziyo esizalwe kakhulu, ukuthi uhlinzwe noma ukufakelwa inhliziyo ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Endabeni yesifo senhliziyo esiphansi, ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngenhloso yokuqeda izimpawu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezisusa isisu kanye ne-beta-blockers kungakhonjiswa ngudokotela wenhliziyo, isibonelo, ukulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo.

5. I-Endocarditis

I-Endocarditis ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ezihambisa inhliziyo ngaphakathi futhi kuvame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka, imvamisa yisikhunta noma amabhaktheriya. Yize ukutheleleka kuyimbangela enkulu ye-endocarditis, lesi sifo singenzeka futhi ngenxa yezinye izifo, njengomdlavuza, i-rheumatic fever noma izifo ezizimele, isibonelo.

Izimpawu ze-endocarditis zivela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngemfiva ephikelelayo, ukujuluka okweqile, isikhumba esiphaphathekile, ubuhlungu bemisipha, ukukhwehlela okungapheli nokuphefumula okuncane. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ukutholakala kwegazi emchameni nokulahleka kwesisindo nakho kungaqashelwa.

Ukwelashwa: indlela eyinhloko yokwelashwa kwe-endocarditis ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic noma ama-antifungal ukulwa ne-microorganism ebhekene nalesi sifo, futhi ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokuyalelwa yi-cardiologist. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungadingeka ukushintsha i-valve ethintekile.

6. Ama-arrhythmias enhliziyo

I-arrhythmia yenhliziyo ihambelana nokushintsha kokushaya kwenhliziyo, okungenza ukushaya ngokushesha noma kancane, okuholele kwizimpawu ezinjengokukhathala, i-pallor, ubuhlungu besifuba, umjuluko obandayo nokuphefumula okuncane, isibonelo.

Ukwelashwa: iyehluka ngokuya ngezimpawu ezethulwayo, kepha ihlose ukulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo. Ngakho-ke, kungakhonjiswa ukusetshenziswa kwemithi, njengePropafenone noma iSotalol, ukwenza i-defibrillation, ukufakelwa kwe-pacemaker noma ukuhlinzwa kwe-ablation. Qonda ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-arrhythmia yenhliziyo kwenziwa kanjani.

Kubalulekile futhi ukugwema ukuphuza utshwala, izidakamizwa neziphuzo ezine-caffeine, ngokwesibonelo, njengoba zingashintsha isigqi senhliziyo, ngaphezu kokuzijwayeza ukuzivocavoca umzimba nokudla okulinganiselayo.

Kwiphepha lethu le- i-podcast, UDkt. Ricardo Alckmin, umongameli weBrazilian Society of Cardiology, ucacisa ukungabaza okuyinhloko nge-arrhythmia yenhliziyo:

7. Angina

U-Angina uhambelana nomuzwa wobunzima, ubuhlungu noma ukuqina esifubeni futhi kuvame ukwenzeka lapho ukwehla kokugeleza kwegazi kuye enhliziyweni, okuvame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-50, abanomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela esibolile noma abanemikhuba indlela yokuphila engenampilo, okuholela ekuphazanyisweni kokugeleza kwegazi ngenxa yokuqongelelwa kwamafutha ezitsheni. Yazi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-angina.

Ukwelashwa: kufanele iqondiswe udokotela wenhliziyo ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-angina, futhi ukuphumula noma ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokulawula izimpawu, ukwenza ngcono ukugeleza kwegazi, ukulawula umfutho wegazi nokuvimbela ukwakheka kwamahlule kunganconywa.

8. I-Myocarditis

I-Myocarditis ukuvuvukala kwemisipha yenhliziyo engenzeka ngenxa yokutheleleka emzimbeni, okungenzeka ngesikhathi sokutheleleka ngegciwane noma lapho kukhona ukutheleleka okuthuthukile ngesikhunta noma ngamagciwane. Lokhu kuvuvukala kungaholela ezimpawu ezimbalwa ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, njengokuqaqamba kwesifuba, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, ukukhathala ngokweqile, ukuphefumula okuncane nokuvuvukala emilenzeni, ngokwesibonelo.

Ukwelashwa: Imvamisa i-myocarditis ixazululwa lapho ukutheleleka kwelashwa ngokusebenzisa ama-antibiotic, ama-antifungal noma ama-antivirals, kepha uma izimpawu ze-myocarditis ziqhubeka noma ngabe uselaphe ukutheleleka, kubalulekile ukuthintana nodokotela wenhliziyo ukuqala ukwelashwa okuthe xaxa, okungaba Kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise imithi yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi, yehlisa ukuvuvukala futhi ilawule ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho.

9. I-Valvulopathies

I-Valvulopathies, ebizwa nangokuthi izifo ze-valve yenhliziyo, ivela kaningi emadodeni angaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 nabesifazane ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-75 futhi kwenzeka ngenxa yokuqoqwa kwe-calcium kuma-valve enhliziyo, okuvimbela ukuhamba kwegazi ngenxa yokuqina kwayo.

Kwezinye izimo, izimpawu ze-valvulopathy zingathatha isikhathi ukuvela, kepha ezinye izimpawu ezingakhombisa izinkinga kuma-valves enhliziyo ubuhlungu besifuba, ukububula kwenhliziyo, ukukhathala ngokweqile, ukuphefumula okuncane nokuvuvukala emilenzeni nasezinyaweni, isibonelo.

Ukwelashwa: kwenziwa ngokuya nge-valve ethintekile nezinga lokukhubazeka, nokusetshenziswa kwemithi yokwesula, ye-antiarrhythmic noma nokushintshwa kwe-valve ngokuhlinzwa kungavezwa.

Ungasigwema kanjani isifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi

Amanye amathiphu asiza ukuvimbela ukukhula kwezifo zenhliziyo:

• Yeka ukubhema;
• Lawula umfutho wegazi, izinga likashukela nenani lamafutha egazini;
• Yiba nokudla okunempilo, ugweme amafutha futhi udle imifino, izithelo namabele amaningi;
• Zijwayeze ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo, okungenani imizuzu engama-30-60, izikhathi ezi-3-5 ngesonto;
• Gwema ukuphuza iziphuzo ezidakayo;

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile, kunconywa ukunciphisa umzimba, njengoba kufakazelwa ukuthi ukuqoqwa kwamafutha kuyingozi kakhulu empilweni yenhliziyo.Bheka imihlahlandlela kudokotela wezokudla ukuthi ungenza kanjani ukudla okunempilo ukuze wehlise isisindo.