Ingabe Ukuhlolwa Kwezokwelapha Ekhaya Kuyakusiza Noma Kuyakulimaza?

-Delile

• Izindleko Eziphansi
• Iphutha lomsebenzisi
• Imiphumela Elinganiselwe kanye Nempendulo
• Imiphumela emibi engaba khona kanye nokungalungi
• Indlela Esebenzayo Yezempilo
• Buyekeza kwe-

Uma une-akhawunti ye-Facebook, kungenzeka ukuthi ubone abangani nabangane abambalwa babelana ngemiphumela yezivivinyo zabo ze-Ancestry DNA. Okufanele ukwenze nje ukucela ukuhlolwa, ukuswayipha isihlathi, usibuyisele e-lab, futhi kungakapheli izinsuku noma amasonto, uthole ukuthi okhokho bakho babevelaphi. Kuhle kakhulu, akunjalo? Cabanga nje uma kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha bekukulula lokho. Yebo, kwezinye izivivinyo-ezinjengezinhlobo ezithile zama-STD, izingqinamba zokuzala, izingozi zomdlavuza, nezinkinga zokulala-empeleni kuyinto kulula kanjalo. Okubi kuphela? Odokotela abaqiniseki ukuthi zonke izivivinyo ezitholakalayo ukuze zisetshenziswe ekhaya ziyadingeka, noma okubaluleke kakhulu, enembile.

Kulula ukuqonda ukuthi kungani abantu bengathanda ukuzihlola ekhaya uma kungenzeka. "Ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya kuwumkhiqizo wokuthengwa okukhulayo kokunakekelwa kwezempilo, okuheha abathengi ngokufinyelela kwakho, lula, ukufinyeleleka, kanye nobumfihlo," kuchaza uMaja Zecevic, Ph.D., MPH, umsunguli kanye ne-CEO ye-Opionato. "Kubantu abaningi, ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya kusetshenziswa njengendlela yokufunda kabanzi ngabo nangempilo yabo-kungaba ngenxa yokukhathazeka noma ilukuluku."

Izindleko Eziphansi

Kwesinye isikhathi, ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya kungaba yisixazululo enkingeni yezindleko. Thatha izifundo zokulala, ezivame ukwenziwa ngudokotela wezokwelapha lapho umuntu kusolwa ukuthi unenkinga yokulala. "Inzuzo yokuhlolelwa ukulala ekhaya ukuthi ibiza kancane kunaleyo esekwe elabhoratri," kuchaza uNeil Kline, D.O., DABSM, omele i-American Sleep Association. Esikhundleni sokukhokhela ukusebenzisa isikhala selabhu ubusuku bonke, odokotela bangathumela iziguli zabo emakhaya nemishini edingekayo yokwenza isivivinyo, bese behlangana nabo ukubheka imiphumela. Lezi zivivinyo zasekhaya zisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuxilonga i-apnea yokulala, yize ubuchwepheshe obusha buthuthukiswa ukuhlola nokuqapha ukuqwasha ekhaya. Lesi isibonelo esisodwa sendlela ukuhlola ekhaya kungasiza ngayo ngempela kokubili iziguli nodokotela-ukuhlinzeka kokubili ngolwazi oludingayo ngezindleko eziphansi.

Esinye sezimangalo ezinkulu ezenziwa yizinkampani zokuhlola ekhaya ukuthi zenza ulwazi lwezempilo lufinyeleleke kalula kubathengi. Odokotela bayavumelana ngaleli phuzu, ikakhulukazi lapho behlolela izingqinamba zezempilo ezincane ezingaba yikhulu esikhathini esizayo njenge-HPV, okwandisa ubungozi besifazane kumdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. "Inzuzo enkulu yokuhlolwa kwasekhaya ukuthola izivivinyo kulabo besifazane abangenakho ukuthola ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokujwayelekile," kuphawula uNieca Goldberg, MD, umqondisi wezokwelapha weJoan H. Tisch Center for Women's Health e-NYU Langone. Kulabo abangenawo umshuwalense, izivivinyo ze-STD zasekhaya kanye nokuzala kunganikeza inketho ebiza kakhulu. (Okuhlobene: Indlela Ukwesaba Umdlavuza Womlomo Wesibeletho Kwangenza Ngathatha Impilo Yami Yezocansi Ngokujulile Kunangaphambili)

Iphutha lomsebenzisi

Noma kunjalo, ngenkathi ukuhlolwa kwe-STI ne-HPV ekhaya njengeBiome's SmartJane kungahle kulethe ukuhlolwa kulabo okungenzeka bangakutholi, izinkampani zokuhlola ngokwazo ziyaqaphela ukukhomba ukuthi isivivinyo hhayi ukufaka esikhundleni se-ob-gyn yakho yonyaka yokuhlolwa kanye ne-pap smear. Pho kungani uzihlupha ngokuhlolwa kwasekhaya kwasekuqaleni? Futhi, kunezinkinga zokuhlinzeka ngokunikeza lolu hlobo lokuhlola ekhaya. Ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV ngokuvamile kudinga ukuswayipha umlomo wesibeletho ukuze uthole isampula elinembile. "Abesifazane abaningi abazi ukuthi bangaswensa kanjani umlomo wabo wesibeletho ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi ngeke bathole isampula nemiphumela yokuhlolwa enembile," kusho uFiyyaz Pirani, oyi-CEO nomsunguli we STDcheck.com.

Lesi ngesinye sezizathu ezimbalwa inkampani kaPirani enganikeli ngenketho yokuhlola ekhaya kumakhasimende. Esikhundleni salokho, kufanele bavakashele enye yamalebhu angaphezulu kuka-4,500 XNUMX ezweni lonke ukuze bahlolwe. “Imizi yeziguli ayilingani namalebhu aqinisekiswe yi-CLIA asiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi amasampula aqoqiwe awangcoli futhi agcinwe ngendlela efanele,” usho kanje. Indawo yokuhlola engeyona inkinga ingasho umphumela wokuhlola onembe kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona iqiniso lokuthi amalebhu abasebenza nawo ngokuvamile anganikeza isiguli umphumela wokuhlolwa phakathi kwamahora angu-24 kuya kwangu-48—ngaphambi kokuba ukuhlolwa kwe-imeyili kufinyelele ngisho nelebhu ukuze ihlolwe. Lokho kusho ukuthi isikhathi esincane sokulinda, okungaba usizo olukhulu, ikakhulukazi ukuhlolwa kwe-STD.

Imiphumela Elinganiselwe kanye Nempendulo

Ngisho nokuhlolwa kokulala-indawo eyodwa lapho ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya kubonakala kuthembisa kakhulu-kunezihibe ezisobala. "Okubi ukuthi imininingwane eqoqiwe incane kakhulu," kusho uDkt Kline. Futhi kunezimo ezimbalwa kuphela zokulala ezingavivinyelwa ekhaya. Kodwa into eyenza lezi zivivinyo zokulala zihluke ukubandakanyeka kodokotela. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi udokotela u-oda ukuhlolwa okufanele kwesiguli nokunikeza imiyalo ethile yokuthi ungakwenza kanjani, kepha futhi bazungezile ukusiza ukutolika imiphumela.

"Ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya kuncike endaweni yedatha yesikhathi esisodwa ngokuvamile engabonisi biology yomuntu siqu, i-physiology, kanye/noma i-pathology," kusho uZecevic. Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwe-ovarian reserve yasekhaya, okukala amahomoni athile ukulinganisa ukuthi mangaki amaqanda owesifazane anawo, adumile kwabesifazane abazama ukukhulelwa. Kepha ucwaningo lwamuva olushicilelwe ku- JAMA bathola ukuthi ukuba ne-ovarian reserves ephansi akuzange kubonise ngokwethembekile ukuthi owesifazane ngeke akhulelwe. Lokho kusho ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-ovarian reserve kunikeza ulwazi oluncane kakhulu mayelana nokuzala. "Ukuzala kuyisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi esinezici eziningi esincike emlandweni wezokwelapha, indlela yokuphila, umlando womndeni, ufuzo, njll. Ukuhlolwa okukodwa akukwazi ukukutshela konke," kusho uZecevic. Ngomuntu ongahlangani nodokotela ukuthola lolo lwazi, lezi zinhlobo zokuhlolwa kwasekhaya zingadukisa. Futhi okufanayo kuya kwezinye izinkathazo zezempilo, njengengozi yomdlavuza wofuzo. "Izimo eziningi zezempilo ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunendawo yedatha yesikhathi esisodwa," esho.

Imiphumela emibi engaba khona kanye nokungalungi

Ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA yasekhaya ikani elincane lezikelemu, ngokusho kukaKeith Roach, M.D., udokotela onakekela okuyisisekelo nozakwabo ohambela udokotela eNewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center. Ngaphandle kokuhlolwa okujabulisa kakhulu, njengokuhlolwa kokhokho be-23andMe noma ukufaneleka kofuzo kanye namaphrofayili okudla e-DNAFit, kukhona nokuhlolwa kwasekhaya okuvela ezinkampanini ezifana nombala onquma ingozi yakho yofuzo yezifo ezithile, njengomdlavuza, i-Alzheimer's, nokuningi. UDkt. Roach uphawula ukuthi nakuba lezi zivivinyo ngokuvamile zinikeza ulwazi oluhle, amabhange edatha abawasebenzisayo awanawo ububanzi nobubanzi bolwazi obufanayo namalebhu okwelapha endabuko ukuze aqhathanise amasampula. “Ngiyangabaza ukuthi maningi amaphutha, kodwa nginesiqiniseko sokuthi akhona, futhi lokho kungaba yinkinga, ngoba umonakalo wangempela walolu hlobo lokuhlola uhlobene nemibono engamanga futhi kancane, okungamanga. izinto ezimbi, "kuchaza yena. (Okuhlobene: Le Nkampani Inikeza Ukuhlolwa Kofuzo Komdlavuza Webele Ekhaya)

Odokotela abanakekela okuyisisekelo kwesinye isikhathi bayacasuka lapho besebenzelana neziguli ezenze ukuhlolwa kofuzo ekhaya, ikakhulukazi ngoba kubantu abaningi, ukuhlolwa kungabangela izinkinga eziningi kunalokho okufanele. "Ezinye zalezi zivivinyo kungenzeka ziholele ekulimaleni kunokuhlomula ngenxa yokukhathazeka nezindleko, futhi okungenzeka kube yingozi ekuhloleni okulandelwayo okusetshenziselwe ukufakazela ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokuqala bekungamanga," kusho uDkt Roach. "Abantu bangena bathi, 'Nginalo lolu vivinyo olwenziwe futhi sengithole le mpendulo manje futhi ngikhathazeke kakhulu ngakho futhi ngifuna ungisize ngikuthole lokhu," kuchaza yena. "Njengodokotela, uyakhungatheka ngoba lokhu akusona isivivinyo obungasincoma leso siguli."

Thatha umuntu ongenamlando womndeni wesifo somdlavuza webele, akekho eqenjini lesizwe elisengozini enkulu yalo, kepha noma kunjalo, ubuya nokuguqulwa okuhle kwe-BRCA ngemuva kokuqeda ukuhlolwa kofuzo ekhaya. Kuleli qophelo, udokotela ngokuvamile uzophinda ukuhlolwa elebhu yakhe ukuze athole ukuthi ingabe lowo muntu unalo ngempela yini ushintsho. Uma ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungavumelani, lokho cishe ukuphela kwakho. "Kodwa uma ilabhorethri yesibili iqinisekisa umphumela wokuhlolwa, khona-ke udinga ukuthatha isinyathelo esengeziwe emuva futhi uqaphele ukuthi kungakhathaliseki umphumela wokuhlolwa, ngisho nokuhlolwa okungcono kakhulu kungase kube okungalungile. Kumuntu ongenayo ingozi ethile, ngisho umphumela omuhle osuka esivivinyweni esenziwe kahle usengaba namathuba okuthola into engeyona eyangempela kunaleyo ekhona impela. " Ngamanye amazwi, ukuqoqa ulwazi mayelana nempilo yakho kuncane mayelana nokuba nevolumu eyengeziwe yolwazi kanye nokuba nolwazi *kwesokudla*.

Indlela Esebenzayo Yezempilo

Lokho akusho ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA yasekhaya ngezingozi zofuzo akusizi ngalutho, noma kunjalo. UDkt.U-Roach wazi ngomunye udokotela okwenzeka wahlolwa i-DNA ngenxa yokuthi wayenzela inkampani yokuhlola i-DNA, futhi wathola ukuthi usengozini ephakeme yokonakala kwe-macular, isimo esibangela ukungaboni ngaso linye. Ngenxa yalokhu, wakwazi ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukusiza ukunciphisa ubungozi bakhe futhi alondoloze umbono wakhe. "Ngakho-ke kwabanye abantu, kunenzuzo enkulu yokwenza lezi zinhlobo zokuhlola. Kodwa ngokujwayelekile, ukwenza ukuhlolwa komtholampilo ngaphandle kokuba nesizathu esizwakalayo kungenzeka kudale umonakalo kunokuhle."

Alukho lolu lwazi oluyisixwayiso olusho ukuthi konke ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya kubi. "Ekupheleni kosuku, noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya okuholela ekutheni umuntu athole ukuthi unokuthile okuthelelanayo (njenge-STI) kungumthelela omuhle empilweni yomphakathi, njengoba manje sebengasebenza kulowo mphumela futhi bafune ukwelashwa, "kusho uPirani. Futhi nakuba ukuhlolwa kokulala, ufuzo, nokuzala kungaqondile kangako, zisekhona izinzuzo, ikakhulukazi uma uxoxe nodokotela wakho ngokufaneleka kokuhlolwa kusengaphambili.

Sekukonke, leso iseluleko esikhulu kunazo zonke odokotela abanaso kubathengi abanentshisekelo yokuhlolwa ekhaya: "Ngingancoma inkampani futhi ihlole kuphela uma inikeza ithuba lokukhuluma nochwepheshe wezokwelapha oqeqeshiwe (okungcono udokotela) uma uthola imiphumela, "kusho uJames Wantuck, MD, umsunguli wezimali kanye nesikhulu sezokwelapha ePlushCare. Ngakho-ke uma inketho yokuxoxa nodokotela ngaphambi kwesikhathi itholakala kuwe, bese uvivinya.

Buyekeza kwe-