Ungayibona Kanjani futhi Uyiphathe Kanjani I-Drug Rash

-Delile

• Kuyini ukuqubuka kwezidakamizwa?
• Kubukeka kanjani ukuqubuka kwezidakamizwa?
• Ukuqhuma okukhulu
• Ukuqhuma kwe-Urticarial
• Ukusabela kwe-photosensitivity
• I-Erythroderma
• I-Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) ne-epidermal necrolysis enobuthi (TEN)
• I-necrosis yesikhumba eyenziwe nge-Anticoagulant
• Ukusabela kwezidakamizwa ngama-eosinophilia nezimpawu zesistimu (IDONSI)
• Kungani kwenzeka ukuqubuka kwezidakamizwa?
• Zilashwa kanjani iziqubu zezidakamizwa?
• Uyini umbono?

Kuyini ukuqubuka kwezidakamizwa?

Ukuqhuma kwezidakamizwa, kwesinye isikhathi okubizwa ngokuthi ukuqhuma kwezidakamizwa, kuyindlela isikhumba sakho esingaba nayo ezidakamizweni ezithile.

Cishe noma imuphi umuthi ungadala ukuqubuka. Kepha ama-antibiotic (ikakhulukazi ama-penicillin nemithi ye-sulfa), ama-NSAID, kanye nemithi yokulwa nokubanjwa yizidakamizwa ezivame kakhulu ukudala ukuqubuka.

Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuqubuka kwezidakamizwa nokuthi ungazilawula kanjani.

Kubukeka kanjani ukuqubuka kwezidakamizwa?

Izidakamizwa eziningi zezidakamizwa zilingana. Lokhu kusho ukuthi avele efanayo kuzona zombili izingxenye zomzimba wakho.

Ukuqubuka kwezidakamizwa nakho akuvamisile ukudala ezinye izimpawu ngaphandle kokubukeka kwazo, yize ezinye zihambisana nokulunywa noma isisa.

Imvamisa ungahlukanisa ukuqhuma kwezidakamizwa kokunye ukuqubuka ngoba kuvame ukuqondana nokuqala umuthi omusha. Kepha kwezinye izimo, kungathatha umuthi kuze kube amasonto amabili ukudala ukuqubuka.

Ukuqhuma kuvame ukunyamalala uma uyeka ukuthatha umuthi.

Nakhu ukubheka ezinye zeziqubu ezivame kakhulu zezidakamizwa.

Ukuqhuma okukhulu

Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu ukuqubuka kwezidakamizwa, okwenza cishe amaphesenti angama-90 amacala. Kubhalwe izilonda ezincane esikhunjeni esibomvu. Lezi zilonda zingaphakanyiswa noma zibe yisicaba. Kwesinye isikhathi, ungahle ubone namabhamuza nezilonda ezigcwele ubomvu.

Izimbangela ezivamile zokuqubuka kwezidakamizwa okuxakile zifaka:

• amapenicillin
• izidakamizwa ze-sulfa
• cephalosporins
• imishanguzo yokulwa nokuquleka
• ingulube

Ukuqhuma kwe-Urticarial

I-Urticaria elinye igama elithi isifuba. Isifuba luhlobo lwesibili oluvame kakhulu lokuqubuka kwezidakamizwa. Zincane izigaxa ezibomvu, eziphaphathekile ezingakha iziqeshana ezinkulu. Isifuba ngokuvamile naso siluma kakhulu.

Izimbangela ezivamile zokuqubuka kwezidakamizwa ze-urticarial zifaka:

• izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID)
• Ama-ACE inhibitors
• ama-antibiotic, ikakhulukazi i-penicillin
• izinzwa ezivamile

Ukusabela kwe-photosensitivity

Ezinye izidakamizwa zingenza isikhumba sakho sizwele kakhulu ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet. Lokhu kungaholela ekushisweni yilanga uma uphumela ngaphandle ngaphandle kokuvikelwa okufanele.

Izidakamizwa ezivame ukuba ne-photosensitivity zifaka:

• ama-antibiotic athile, kufaka phakathi i-tetracycline
• izidakamizwa ze-sulfa
• ama-antifungals
• ama-antihistamine
• ama-retinoids, afana ne-isotretinoin
• izimiso
• isisu
• amanye ama-NSAID

I-Erythroderma

Lolu hlobo lubangela cishe sonke isikhumba ukuba silume futhi sibe bomvu. Isikhumba singakhula futhi sibe ne-hot and touch. Umkhuhlane nawo ungavela.

Izidakamizwa eziningi zingadala i-erythroderma, kufaka phakathi:

• izidakamizwa ze-sulfa
• amapenicillin
• imishanguzo yokulwa nokuquleka
• chloroquine
• ingulube
• i-isoniazid

Isimo sezempilo esiyisisekelo singadala ne-erythroderma.

I-Erythroderma ingaba yingozi futhi isongele impilo. Funa usizo lwezempilo ngokushesha uma ucabanga ukuthi lolu hlobo lokuqubuka onalo.

I-Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) ne-epidermal necrolysis enobuthi (TEN)

I-SJS ne-TEN zibhekwa njengesimo esifanayo, kodwa kukhona umehluko omncane phakathi kwalokhu okubili:

• I-SJS ibandakanya amaphesenti angaphansi kweshumi omzimba.
• ISHUMI lifaka ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-30 omzimba.

I-SJS ne-TEN ziphawulwe ngamabhamuza amakhulu, abuhlungu. Futhi zingadala izindawo ezinkulu zesendlalelo esiphezulu sesikhumba sakho ukuthi zivele, zishiya izilonda eziluhlaza, ezivulekile.

Izimbangela ezivamile ezihlobene nezidakamizwa zifaka:

• izidakamizwa ze-sulfa
• imishanguzo yokulwa nokuquleka
• amanye ama-NSAID
• ingulube
• i-nevirapine

I-SJS ne-TEN ukuphendula okungathi sína okungasongela impilo. Bobabili badinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

I-necrosis yesikhumba eyenziwe nge-Anticoagulant

Ezinye izinciphisi zegazi, njenge-warfarin, zingadala i-necrosis yesikhumba eyenziwe nge-anticoagulant. Lokhu kudala ukuthi isikhumba sibe bomvu futhi sibe buhlungu.

Ekugcineni, izicubu ezingaphansi kwesikhumba ziyafa. Imvamisa kwenzeka kuphela ekuqaleni kokuthatha umthamo ophakeme kakhulu we-thinner yegazi.

I-anticoagulant-indened isikhumba i-necrosis ukusabela okungathi sína okudinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Ukusabela kwezidakamizwa ngama-eosinophilia nezimpawu zesistimu (IDONSI)

UKUGQOKA uhlobo olungajwayelekile lokuqubuka kwezidakamizwa olungabeka impilo yakho engcupheni. Kungathatha amasonto amabili kuya kwayisithupha ukuthi izimpawu zivele ngemuva kokuqala umuthi omusha.

Ukuqhuma kwengubo kubukeka kubomvu futhi kuvame ukuqala ebusweni nasemzimbeni ongaphezulu. Izimpawu ezihambisana nazo zinzima futhi zingabandakanya izitho zangaphakathi. Kubandakanya:

• imfiva
• ama-lymph node avuvukile
• ukuvuvukala kobuso
• ubuhlungu obuvuthayo nesikhumba esilumayo
• izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane
• ukulimala komzimba

Izidakamizwa ezingadala UKUGqoka zifaka:

• ama-anticonvulsants
• ingulube
• Abacavir
• i-minocycline
• sulfasalazine
• iproton pump inhibitors

UKUGQOKA kungukusabela okungathi sína kakhulu okudinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Kungani kwenzeka ukuqubuka kwezidakamizwa?

Ukuqhuma kwezidakamizwa nokuphendula kwenzeka ngezizathu eziningana, kufaka phakathi:

• ukusabela okweqile
• ukwakheka komuthi odala ubuthi esikhunjeni
• umuthi wenza isikhumba sizwele kakhulu elangeni
• ukuxhumana kwezidakamizwa ezimbili noma ngaphezulu

Kwesinye isikhathi ukuqubuka kwezidakamizwa kungazenzekela futhi kukhule ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Izici ezithile zingakhuphula nengozi yakho yokuqhamuka nokuqubuka kwezidakamizwa, njengokukhula nokuba ngowesifazane.

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zifaka ukuba:

• ukutheleleka ngegciwane nokuthatha i-antibiotic
• amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka ngenxa yesimo esingaphansi noma esinye isidakamizwa
• umdlavuza

Zilashwa kanjani iziqubu zezidakamizwa?

Ezimweni eziningi, ukuqubuka kwezidakamizwa kuyahamba ngokwakho uma uyeka ukuthatha umuthi obangele ukuqhuma kwakho.

Uma ukuqhuma kunwaya kakhulu, i-antihistamine noma i-steroid yomlomo ingasiza ukuphatha ukulunywa kuze kuphele ukuqubuka.

Njalo khuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala ngaphambi kokuyeka umuthi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma uthatha imishanguzo eminingi. Kulokhu, udokotela wakho uzokulandela uhlelo oluthile lokuyeka umuthi ngamunye uze uthole ukuthi yini ebangela ukusabela.

Uma une-urticaria enamandla, i-erythroderma, i-SJS / TEN, i-anticoagulant-induced skin necrosis, noma i-DRESS, uzodinga ukwelashwa okunamandla. Lokhu kungafaka i-steroid efakwa emithanjeni kanye ne-hydration.

Uyini umbono?

Ezimweni eziningi, ukuqubuka kwezidakamizwa akuyona into okufanele ukhathazeke ngayo. Imvamisa ziyasula uma uyeka ukuthatha umuthi. Vele uqiniseke ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuyeka noma imuphi umuthi obekiwe.

Ngezimpawu zokuqubuka kwezidakamizwa okunzima kakhulu, iya ekunakekelweni okuphuthumayo noma esibhedlela ngokushesha okukhulu ukugwema izinkinga.