I-schizophrenia yobuntwana: kuyini, izimpawu nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu zesici ebuntwaneni
• Izinhlobo ze-schizophrenia
• Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani
• Yini ukwelashwa

ISchizophrenia ukugula kwengqondo okubonakala ngokuhlanekezelwa kokucabanga nokubona, okuvame ukuhumusha kube yimibono yokukhohlisa, ukusangana, izinkulumo kanye nokuziphatha okushintshiwe. Njengoba ukubona izinto ezingekho kanye nokukhohlisa ezinganeni kuvamise ukuba nkulu kakhulu kunabantu abadala, njengokubona abantu, umuntu kufanele azame ukuqonda ukuthi ngabe ukusangana noma imidlalo nje.

Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo sivela phakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 nengama-45 ubudala, siyivelakancane ebuntwaneni. Yize kunemibiko ethile yalesi sifo engaphansi kweminyaka engu-5, la macala ayivelakancane, futhi izimpawu zibonakala kakhulu ngesikhathi sobusha.

ISchizophrenia imvamisa iqala esigabeni sangaphambi kwengqondo, lapho kuvela khona izimpawu ezingezinhle zalesi sifo, njengokuhlukaniswa nabantu emphakathini, isimilo esiphazamisayo, ukonakala kwenhlanzeko yomuntu siqu, ukuqhuma kwentukuthelo noma ukungabi nentshisekelo esikoleni noma emsebenzini, isibonelo. Lapho lesi sifo sivela ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-12, sihlotshaniswa kakhulu nezinkinga zokuziphatha futhi ukubikezelwa kubi kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi maningi amathuba okuthi balahlekelwe yimisebenzi ejwayelekile futhi bahlakulele ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa, ukuguquka kobuhlakani nolimi.

Izimpawu zesici ebuntwaneni

Lapho i-schizophrenia ivela ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-12, ingane iqala ukukhombisa izinkinga zokuziphatha. Ngokuvamile, kukhombisa ukumelana nokuzivumelanisa nomphakathi, ukuzihlukanisa, kuthatha isimilo sokuziphatha futhi, kwezinye izimo, ukubambezeleka kokuthuthuka kwe-neuropsychomotor nakho kuyabonakala. Ngaphezu kokushoda kwengqondo, kukhona nokusilela ekuqapheleni nasekufundeni nasekukhipheni.

Njengoba ingane ikhula futhi ingena ebudaleni, ezinye izimpawu zesifo zingavela, ezihlukaniswe zibe ezinhle nezimbi. Izimpawu ezinhle yilezo ezibonakala kakhulu ezigabeni ezibucayi zokuncipha kwalesi sifo futhi izimpawu ezingezinhle yilezo ezibangelwa ukuvela kwe-schizophrenia uqobo, kusuka emiphumeleni yemithi elwa ne-antipsychotic kanye nasezimpawu ezizayo uqobo.

Izinhlobo ze-schizophrenia

Kumodeli yakudala, i-schizophrenia ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezi-5:

• I-paranoid schizophrenia, lapho kutholakala khona izimpawu ezinhle;
• Ukungahlelekile, lapho izinguquko zokucabanga zidlange khona;
• I-Catatonic, ebonakala ngokuvelela kwezimpawu zezimoto nezinguquko zomsebenzi;
• Akuhlukaniswanga, lapho ukusebenza kwengqondo kanye nokusebenza kuncipha futhi ukuhlala yedwa emphakathini;
• Izinsalela, lapho kutholakala khona izimpawu ezingezinhle, lapho, njengakuqala, lapho kubonakala khona ukuhlukaniswa komphakathi, kanye nobuthakathaka obuthintekayo nobumpofu bengqondo.

Kodwa-ke, i-schizophrenia echazwe ku-DSM V ayisacabangi ngezinhlobo ezinhlanu ze-schizophrenia, njengoba ama-subtypes athathwa njengokuhlanganiswa. Ngakho-ke, ama-subtypes okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla awangenisi manzi, futhi umuntu, endaweni ethile lapho kuqhubeka lesi sifo, angaveza isithombe somtholampilo esikhomba nolunye uhlobo lwe-schizophrenia noma izimpawu zokubonisa zenye i-subtype.

Funda, ngokuningiliziwe, ukuthi ungazibona kanjani izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-schizophrenia.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani

Ukuxilongwa kwe-schizophrenia akuyona inkinga elula yokwenza ukuxilongwa, futhi ezinganeni kungaba nzima nakakhulu ukuyihlukanisa nezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi isifo se-bipolar affective, futhi kuyadingeka ukuthi uphinde uhlole izimpawu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Yini ukwelashwa

ISchizophrenia ayinawo umuthi wokwelashwa kanti ukwelashwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngenhloso yokunciphisa izimpawu, kanye nokubuyela emuva. Ama-antipsychotic ngokuvamile anqunyiwe, noma kunjalo, kunezifundo ezimbalwa zale mithi ebuntwaneni.

IHaloperidol ngumuthi osusetshenziswe iminyaka eminingana, futhi uhlala uyindlela enhle yokwelashwa kwengqondo yezingane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-risperidone ne-olanzapine zisetshenzisiwe nasekwelapheni ama-psychoses ezingane, kube nemiphumela emihle.