I-autoimmune encephalitis: kuyini, izimbangela kanye nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani
• Yelashwa kanjani
• Yini engabangela i-encephalitis

I-autoimmune encephalitis ukuvuvukala kobuchopho okuvela lapho amasosha omzimba ehlasela amangqamuzana obuchopho uqobo, okhubaza ukusebenza kwawo futhi abangele izimpawu ezinjengokushoshozela emzimbeni, izinguquko ezibukwayo, ukuquleka noma ukuyaluza, ngokwesibonelo, okungenzeka noma kungashiyi i-sequelae .

Lesi sifo asivamile, futhi singathinta abantu bayo yonke iminyaka. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-autoimmune encephalitis, njengoba zincike ohlotsheni lwe-antibody ehlasela amaseli nendawo yobuchopho ethintekile, ezinye zezibonelo eziyinhloko kube yi-anti-NMDA encephalitis, i-encephalitis esatshalaliswe kakhulu noma i-limbic encephalitis ngokwesibonelo , engavela ngenxa yesimila, ngemuva kokutheleleka noma ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile.

Yize i-autoimmune encephalopathy ingenakho ukwelashwa okuqondile, ingelashwa ngokusetshenziswa kweminye imishanguzo, njengama-anticonvulsants, ama-corticosteroids noma ama-immunosuppressants, ngokwesibonelo, aqeda izimpawu, anciphise ukuvuvukala futhi asize ukubuyisa wonke amandla okusebenza kobuchopho.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Njengoba i-encephalitis ezenzakalelayo ithinta ukusebenza kobuchopho, izimpawu ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngesifunda esithintekile. Noma kunjalo, izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zifaka:

• Ubuthakathaka noma izinguquko ekuzweleni ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zomzimba;
• Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi;
• Kunzima ukukhuluma;
• Ukunyakaza kokuzithandela;
• Izinguquko zombono, njengokufiphala kombono;
• Ukuqonda okunzima kanye nezinguquko zememori;
• Izinguquko ekunambithekeni;
• Kunzima ukulala nokuphazamiseka okuvamile;
• Izinguquko zemizwa noma zobuntu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-neurons kuthinteka kakhulu, nakho kungavela njengokucabanga, ukukhohlisa noma imicabango yokuphanjaniswa.

Ngakho-ke, amanye amacala we-encephalitis ezenzakalelayo angabonwa ngokungeyikho, njengokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kohlobo lwe-schizophrenia noma i-bipolar disorder. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ukwelashwa akwenziwa kahle futhi izimpawu zingase zibe zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi noma zingakhombisi zimpawu zokuthuthuka okukhulu.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani

Ukuze kwenziwe ukuxilongwa okuyikho kwalesi sifo kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela wezinzwa, njengoba ngaphezu kokuhlola izimpawu kubalulekile futhi ukwenza ezinye izivivinyo zokuxilonga, njengokuhlaziya i-cerebrospinal fluid, imaging resonance imaging noma i-electroencephalogram ukuthola izilonda zobuchopho lokho kubonisa ukuthi kukhona i-encephalitis ezenzakalelayo.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungenziwa futhi ukuthola ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini amasosha omzimba angadala lezi zinhlobo zezinguquko. Amanye ama-autoantibodies amakhulu angama-anti-NMDAR, anti-VGKC noma anti-GlyR, ngokwesibonelo, aqondene nohlobo ngalunye lwe-encephalitis.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphenya i-encephalitis ezenzakalelayo, udokotela futhi kudingeka anqume ezinye izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokuvuvukala kobuchopho, njengokutheleleka ngegciwane noma amagciwane.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwe-encephalitis ye-autoimmune kuqala ngolunye noma ngaphezulu kwezinhlobo zokwelashwa ezilandelayo:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwama-corticosteroids, njengePrednisone noma iHydrocortisone, ukwehlisa ukusabela kohlelo lokuzivikela komzimba;
• Ukusetshenziswa kwama-immunosuppressants, njengeRituximab noma i-Cyclophosphamide, yokwehlisa amandla esenzo somzimba wokuzivikela;
• I-Plasmapheresis, ukuhlunga igazi nokususa ama-antibody amaningi abangela lesi sifo;
• Imijovo ye-Immunoglobulinngoba ingena esikhundleni sokubopha amasosha omzimba ayingozi kumaseli obuchopho;
• Ukususwa kwamathumba lokho kungaba umthombo wama-antibody abangela i-encephalitis.

Imithi ingadingeka futhi ukunciphisa izimpawu ezinjenge-anticonvulsants noma i-anxiolytics, isibonelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu othinteke ngenxa ye-autoimmune encephalitis ayolungiswa, futhi kungahle kube nesidingo sokwelashwa ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa emsebenzini noma ukulandelwa kwengqondo, ukunciphisa izimpawu nokunciphisa i-sequelae engenzeka.

Yini engabangela i-encephalitis

Isizathu esithile salolu hlobo lwe-encephalitis asikaziwa, futhi ezimweni eziningi sivela kubantu abaphilile. Kukholakala nokuthi ama-autoantibodies angavela ngemuva kwezinhlobo ezithile zokutheleleka, ngamagciwane noma ngamagciwane, okungaholela ekukhiqizeni ama-antibodies angafanele.

Kodwa-ke, i-autoimmune encephalitis nayo ingavela njengenye yezimpawu zesimila kude, njengomdlavuza wamaphaphu noma wesibeletho, ngokwesibonelo, obizwa nge-paraneoplastic syndrome. Ngakho-ke, lapho kukhona i-encephalitis ezenzakalelayo, kubalulekile ukuphenya ubukhona bomdlavuza.