Ukucindezeleka Okungapheli

-Delile

• Ngabe Kuhluke Kanjani Ukucindezeleka Okungapheli Ekucindezelekeni Okuvamile?
• Ziyini Izimpawu Zokucindezeleka Okungapheli?
• Kutholakalaphi Ukuthi Ukucindezeleka Okungapheli?
• Kwelashwa Kanjani Ukucindezeleka Okungapheli?
• Imithi
• Ukwelashwa
• Ukwelashwa kwe-Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
• Izinguquko Zokuphila
• Uyini Umbono Wabantu Abanoxinzelelo Olungapheli?
• Izinsizakusebenza Zabantu Abanoxinzelelo Olungapheli
• Amaqembu Okusekela
• Ulayini Wosizo Wokuzibulala
• Ukuvimbela Ukuzibulala

Kuyini Ukucindezeleka Okungapheli?

Ukucindezeleka okungapheli uhlobo lwesifo esikhulu sokucindezeleka (MDD). Yize bekujwayele ukubonwa njengesifo esihlukile, ukucindezeleka okungapheli manje sekutholakala ngokungajwayelekile. Esikhundleni salokho, okwamanje kutholakala njenge-MDD. I-MDD, eyaziwa nangokuthi ukucindezeleka komtholampilo, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo okubonakaliswa yimizwa ephikelelayo nejulile yosizi isikhathi eside. Le mizwa inethonya elibi esimweni sokuziphatha nasekuziphatheni kanye nemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yomzimba, kufaka phakathi ukulala nokudla. Cishe amaphesenti ama-7 abantu abadala e-United States ahlangabezana ne-MDD unyaka nonyaka. Abaphenyi abazi imbangela eqondile yokucindezeleka. Kodwa-ke, bakholelwa ukuthi kungabangelwa inhlanganisela ye:

• izici zofuzo
• izici eziphilayo
• izici ezingokwengqondo
• izici zemvelo

Abanye abantu bacindezeleka ngemuva kokulahlekelwa othandekayo, ukuqeda ubuhlobo, noma ukuhlukumezeka. Kodwa-ke, ukucindezeleka okungapheli kwenzeka ngaphandle komcimbi osobala ocindezelayo noma enye inhlamvu. Izimpawu zivame ukuvela kungazelelwe futhi ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Ngabe Kuhluke Kanjani Ukucindezeleka Okungapheli Ekucindezelekeni Okuvamile?

Abaphenyi babejwayele ukwehlukanisa ukudangala okungapheli nokudangala okukhulu ngokuba khona noma ukungabikho komcimbi ocindezelayo ngaphambi kokuqala kwe-MDD:

Ukudangala okungapheli kwenzeka ngaphandle kokutholakala kwengcindezi noma ukuhlukumezeka. Ngamanye amagama, ayinayo imbangela yangaphandle. Esikhundleni salokho, kungabangelwa ngokuyinhloko yizici zofuzo nezinto eziphilayo. Yingakho ukucindezeleka okungapheli kungabuye kubhekiswe njengokucindezelwa "okususelwe kokuphilayo".

Ukudana ngokweqile kwenzeka ngemuva kwesigameko esicindezelayo noma esibuhlungu esenzekile. Lolu hlobo lokudangala lubizwa kakhulu ngokuthi "lusebenze".

Ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo babevame ukwehlukanisa phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili ze-MDD, kepha lokhu akusenjalo. Ochwepheshe abaningi bezempilo yengqondo manje benza ukuxilongwa okujwayelekile kwe-MDD ngokuya ngezimpawu ezithile.

Ziyini Izimpawu Zokucindezeleka Okungapheli?

Abantu abanokucindezeleka okungapheli baqala ukuzwa izimpawu ngokungazelelwe nangaphandle kwesizathu. Uhlobo, imvamisa, nobukhulu bezimpawu kungahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu.

Izimpawu zokucindezeleka okungapheli ziyefana nalezi ze-MDD. Kubandakanya:

• imizwa eqhubekayo yosizi noma yokuphelelwa yithemba
• ukuphelelwa yintshisekelo emisebenzini noma ezintweni zokuzilibazisa ezazikade zimnandi, kufaka phakathi ucansi
• ukukhathala
• ukuntuleka kwesisusa
• unenkinga yokugxila, ukucabanga, noma ukwenza izinqumo
• ubunzima bokulala noma ukulala
• ukuzihlukanisa emphakathini
• imicabango yokuzibulala
• ikhanda
• ubuhlungu bemisipha
• ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla noma ukudla ngokweqile

Kutholakalaphi Ukuthi Ukucindezeleka Okungapheli?

Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo noma uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo angathola i-MDD. Bazoqala bakubuze ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Qiniseka ukuthi ubazisa nganoma yimiphi imithi oyiphuzayo futhi mayelana nanoma yiziphi izimo ezikhona zezempilo noma zezempilo yengqondo. Kuyasiza futhi ukubatshela ukuthi ngabe kukhona amalungu omndeni wakho ane-MDD noma ake aba nawo phambilini.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokubuza nangezimpawu zakho. Bazofuna ukwazi ukuthi izimpawu zaqala nini nokuthi zaqala ngemuva kokuthi uhlangabezane nomcimbi ocindezelayo noma ohlukumezayo. Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angakunikeza nochungechunge lwemibuzo ehlola ukuthi uzizwa kanjani. Le mibuzo ingabasiza ukuthi banqume ukuthi unayo yini i-MDD.

Ukuze utholwe une-MDD, kufanele uhlangabezane nenqubo ethile ebhalwe ku-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Leli bhukwana livame ukusetshenziswa ngochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo ukuthola izimo zempilo yengqondo. Indlela eyinhloko yokuxilongwa kwe-MDD "isimo sokucindezeleka noma ukulahlekelwa yintshisekelo noma injabulo ezintweni zansuku zonke isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili."

Yize imanuwali isetshenziselwe ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo zokudangala ezingapheli nezingaphandle, inguqulo yamanje ayisanikezi lowo mehluko. Ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo bangenza ukuthi kutholakale ukucindezeleka okungapheli uma izimpawu ze-MDD zithuthukiswa ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Kwelashwa Kanjani Ukucindezeleka Okungapheli?

Ukunqoba i-MDD akuyona into elula, kepha izimpawu zingelashwa ngenhlanganisela yemithi kanye nokwelashwa.

Imithi

Imithi ejwayelekile esetshenziselwa ukwelapha abantu abane-MDD ifaka phakathi i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) ekhethiwe kanye ne-serotonin ekhethiwe ne-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Abanye abantu bangabekwa ama-tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), kepha le mithi ayisetshenziswa kakhulu njengoba yayikhona ngaphambili. Le mithi inyusa amazinga amakhemikhali athile obuchopho aholela ekwehleni kwezimpawu zokudangala.

Ama-SSRI awuhlobo lwemithi elwa nokudangala engathathwa ngabantu abane-MDD. Izibonelo zama-SSRI zifaka:

• i-paroxetine (Paxil)
• i-fluoxetine (Prozac)
• i-sertraline (Zoloft)
• i-escitalopram (Lexapro)
• I-citalopram (Celexa)

Ama-SSRI angadala ikhanda, isicanucanu nokuqwasha ekuqaleni. Kodwa-ke, le miphumela emibi ivame ukuhamba ngemuva kwesikhathi esifushane.

Ama-SNRIs ngolunye uhlobo lwemithi elwa nokudangala engasetshenziswa ukwelapha abantu abane-MDD. Izibonelo zama-SNRI zifaka:

• venlafaxine (Effexor)
• i-duloxetine (iCymbalta)
• desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)

Kwezinye izimo, ama-TCA angasetshenziswa njengendlela yokwelashwa kubantu abane-MDD. Izibonelo zama-TCA zifaka:

• i-trimipramine (iSurmontil)
• imipramine (Tofranil)
• i-nortriptyline (Pamelor)

Imiphumela emibi yama-TCAs kwesinye isikhathi ingaba yimbi kakhulu kunaleyo evela kwamanye ama-anti-depressants. Ama-TCAs angadala ukozela, isiyezi, nokuzuza kwesisindo. Funda ngokucophelela imininingwane enikezwe ikhemisi bese ukhuluma nodokotela wakho uma kukhona okukukhathazayo. Imithi imvamisa idinga ukuphuzwa okungenani amasonto amane kuya kwayisithupha ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu ziqale ukuthuthuka. Kwezinye izimo, kungathatha amasonto ayi-12 ukubona ukuthuthuka kwezimpawu.

Uma umuthi othile ubonakala ungasebenzi, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokushintshela komunye umuthi. Ngokusho kweNational Institute of Mental Health (NAMI), abantu abangazange babe ngcono ngemuva kokuthatha imishanguzo yabo yokuqala yokulwa nengcindezi babenethuba elingcono kakhulu lokuthuthuka lapho bezama omunye umuthi noma inhlanganisela yokwelashwa.

Noma izimpawu seziqala ukuthuthuka, kufanele uqhubeke nokuphuza imishanguzo yakho. Kufanele uyeke ukuthatha imishanguzo ngaphansi kweso lomhlinzeki okunikeze umuthi. Kungadingeka ukuthi umise umuthi kancane kancane esikhundleni sokuwenza ngasikhathi sinye. Ukumisa ngokungazelelwe i-anti-depressant kungaholela ezimpawu zokuhoxa. Izimpawu ze-MDD nazo zingabuya uma ukwelashwa kuqedwa ngokushesha kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa

I-Psychotherapy, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-talk therapy, ifaka ukuhlangana nomelaphi njalo. Lolu hlobo lwezokwelapha lungakusiza ukuba ubhekane nesimo sakho nanoma yiziphi izingqinamba ezihlobene. Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwelashwa kwengqondo ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo (i-CBT) nokwelashwa kwabantu (IPT).

I-CBT ingakusiza ukuthi ushintshe izinkolelo ezingezinhle ngezempilo, ezinhle. Ngokwenza ngamabomu ukucabanga okuhle nokunciphisa imicabango emibi, ungathuthukisa indlela ubuchopho bakho obuphendula ngayo ezimweni ezingezinhle.

I-IPT ingakusiza ukuthi usebenze ngobudlelwano obuphazamisayo obungahle bube nomthelela esimeni sakho.

Ezimweni eziningi, inhlanganisela yemithi nokwelashwa kuyasebenza ekwelapheni abantu abane-MDD.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Ukwelashwa kwe-Electroconvulsive (ECT) kungenziwa uma izimpawu zingathuthuki ngemithi nangokwelapha. I-ECT ifaka ukunamathisela ama-electrode ekhanda athumela ugesi ebuchosheni, okudala ukubanjwa kwesikhashana. Lolu hlobo lwezokwelapha alusabisi njengoba luzwakala futhi luye lwathuthuka kakhulu eminyakeni edlule. Kungasiza ekwelapheni abantu abanokudangala okungapheli ngokushintsha ukuhlangana kwamakhemikhali ebuchosheni.

Izinguquko Zokuphila

Ukwenza ushintsho oluthile kwimpilo yakho nasemisebenzini yansuku zonke nakho kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni izimpawu zokudangala okungapheli. Noma imisebenzi ingajabulisi ekuqaleni, umzimba wakho nengqondo yakho kuzozivumelanisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Nazi ezinye izinto ozozama:

• Phumela ngaphandle wenze okuthile okusebenzayo, njengokuhamba izintaba noma ukuhamba ngebhayisikili.
• Bamba iqhaza emisebenzini obuyijabulela ngaphambi kokuba ucindezeleke.
• Chitha isikhathi nabanye abantu, kufaka phakathi abangane nabathandekayo.
• Bhala kwijenali.
• Ukulala okungenani amahora ayisithupha ubusuku ngabunye.
• Gcina ukudla okunempilo okuqukethe okusanhlamvu okuphelele, amaprotheni anciphile nemifino.

Uyini Umbono Wabantu Abanoxinzelelo Olungapheli?

Abantu abaningi abane-MDD baba ngcono uma benamathela ohlelweni lwabo lokwelashwa.Ngokuvamile kuthatha amasonto ambalwa ukubona ukuthuthuka kwezimpawu ngemuva kokuqala uhlobo lwemithi elwa nokudangala. Abanye bangadinga ukuzama izinhlobo ezimbalwa ezahlukahlukene ze-anti-depressants ngaphambi kokuba baqale ukubona ushintsho.

Ubude bokululama buxhomeke nokuthi ukwelashwa kusheshe kutholakale kanjani. Uma ishiywe ingalashwa, i-MDD ingahlala izinyanga ezimbalwa noma ngisho neminyaka. Uma ukwelashwa sekutholakele, noma kunjalo, izimpawu zingaphela zingakapheli izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu.

Noma izimpawu ziqala ukuncipha, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka uphuza yonke imithi oyinikiwe ngaphandle kokuthi umhlinzeki okunikeze umuthi wakho akutshele ukuthi kulungile ukuyeka. Ukuqeda ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungaholela ekubuyeleni emuva noma ekuhoxisweni kwezimpawu ezaziwa njenge-antidepressant discontinuation syndrome.

Izinsizakusebenza Zabantu Abanoxinzelelo Olungapheli

Kunamaqembu amaningi okusekela komuntu uqobo naku-inthanethi kanye nezinye izinsiza ezitholakalayo zabantu ababhekana ne-MDD.

Amaqembu Okusekela

Izinhlangano eziningi, njengeNational Alliance on Mental Illness, zinikela ngemfundo, amaqembu okusekela, nokwelulekwa. Izinhlelo zosizo lwabasebenzi namaqembu ezenkolo nawo anganikeza usizo kulabo abanokudangala okungapheli.

Ulayini Wosizo Wokuzibulala

Shayela u-911 noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha uma unemicabango yokuzilimaza wena noma abanye. Ungashayela ne-National Suicide Prevention Lifeline ku-800-273-TALK (8255). Le sevisi itholakala amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyisikhombisa ngesonto. Ungaxoxa nabo online.

Ukuvimbela Ukuzibulala

Uma ucabanga ukuthi othile usengozini ngokushesha yokuzilimaza noma ukulimaza omunye umuntu:

• Shayela ku-911 noma inombolo yakho ephuthumayo yasendaweni.
• Hlala nalo muntu kuze kufike usizo.
• Susa noma yiziphi izibhamu, imimese, imishanguzo, noma ezinye izinto ezingadala ingozi.
• Lalela, kodwa ungahluleli, uphikise, usongele, noma umemeze.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi othile ucabanga ukuzibulala, thola usizo enhlekeleleni noma ku-hotline yokuvimbela ukuzibulala. Zama i-National Suicide Prevention Lifeline ku-800-273-8255.

Imithombo: I-National Suicide Prevention Lifeline kanye Ukusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa Nokuphathwa Kwezinsizakalo Zempilo Yengqondo