I-Erythroblastosis Fetalis

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu ze-erythroblastosis fetalis?
• Yini ebangela i-erythroblastosis fetalis?
• Ukungahambelani kwe-Rh
• Ukungahambelani kwe-ABO
• Itholakala kanjani i-erythroblastosis fetalis?
• Imvamisa yokuhlola
• Ukungahambelani kwe-Rh
• Ukungahambelani kwe-ABO
• Iphathwa kanjani i-erythroblastosis fetalis?
• Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside we-erythroblastosis fetalis?
• Ngabe i-erythroblastosis fetalis ingavinjelwa?

Yini i-erythroblastosis fetalis?

amaseli abomvu egazi amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi (ama-WBCs)

Ziyini izimpawu ze-erythroblastosis fetalis?

Izingane ezihlangabezana nezimpawu ze-erythroblastosis fetalis zingabonakala zivuvukile, ziphaphathekile, noma zi-jaundiced ngemuva kokuzalwa. Udokotela angathola ukuthi ingane inesibindi noma ubende obukhulu kunokujwayelekile. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungabonisa nokuthi ingane ine-anemia noma i-RBC count ephansi. Izingane nazo zingathola isimo esaziwa njenge-hydrops fetalis, lapho uketshezi luqala ukuqoqana ezikhaleni lapho uketshezi ngokuvamile lungekho khona. Lokhu kufaka izikhala ku:

• isisu
• inhliziyo
• amaphaphu

Lesi sibonakaliso singaba yingozi ngoba uketshezi olungeziwe lubeka ingcindezi enhliziyweni futhi luthinte ikhono lalo lokumpompa.

Yini ebangela i-erythroblastosis fetalis?

Kunezimbangela ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-erythroblastosis fetalis: Ukungahambelani kwe-Rh nokungahambelani kwe-ABO. Zombili izimbangela zihlotshaniswa nohlobo lwegazi. Kunezinhlobo ezine zegazi:

• A
• B
• AB
• O

Ngaphezu kwalokho, igazi lingaba yi-Rh positive noma i-Rh negative. Isibonelo, uma uthayipha u-A no-Rh, unama-antigen nama-Rh factor antigens ebusweni bama-RBC akho. Ama-antigen yizinto ezibangela ukuphendula komzimba emzimbeni wakho. Uma unegazi elibi le-AB, khona-ke unawo womabili ama-antigen ka-A no-B ngaphandle kwe-Rh factor antigen.

Ukungahambelani kwe-Rh

Ukungahambelani kwe-Rh kwenzeka lapho umama ongenayo i-Rh emithiswa ngubaba one-Rh. Umphumela ungaba ingane ene-Rh. Esimweni esinjalo, ama-Rh antigen engane yakho azobonwa njengabahlaseli bakwamanye amazwe, ngendlela amagciwane noma amagciwane abonwa ngayo. Amaseli akho egazi ahlasela okomntwana njengendlela yokuzivikela engagcina ilimaze ingane. Uma ukhulelwe ingane yakho yokuqala, ukungahambelani kwe-Rh akuyona inkinga enkulu kangako. Kodwa-ke, lapho kuzalwa ingane ene-Rh, umzimba wakho uzokwakha amasosha omzimba alwa ne-Rh factor. La ma-antibodies azohlasela amangqamuzana egazi uma kungenzeka ukhulelwe enye ingane ene-Rh.

Ukungahambelani kwe-ABO

Olunye uhlobo lokungahambi kahle kohlobo lwegazi olungadala amasosha omzimba omama ngokumelene namaseli egazi omntanakhe ukungahambelani kwe-ABO. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho uhlobo lwegazi lukamama lwe-A, B, noma u-O lungahambelani nolomntwana. Lesi simo cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi asisiyona ingozi noma sisongela ingane kunokungahambisani ne-Rh. Kodwa-ke, izingane zingaphatha ama-antigen angavamile angazibeka engcupheni ye-erythroblastosis fetalis. Lawa ma-antigen afaka:

• UKell
• Duffy
• Kidd
• AmaLuthela
• UDiego
• Xg
• P
• Yebo
• Cc
• Ama-MNS

Itholakala kanjani i-erythroblastosis fetalis?

Ukuthola i-erythroblastosis fetalis, udokotela uzo-oda ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwakho kokuqala kokubeletha. Bazohlola uhlobo lwegazi lakho. Ukuhlola kuzobasiza futhi ukunquma ukuthi unawo yini ama-anti-Rh antibodies egazini lakho kusukela ekukhulelweni kwangaphambilini. Uhlobo lwegazi lombungu aluvamisile ukuhlolwa. Kunzima ukuhlola uhlobo lwegazi lombungu futhi ukwenza kanjalo kungakhuphula ubungozi bezinkinga.

Imvamisa yokuhlola

Uma ukuhlolwa kokuqala kukhombisa ukuthi ingane yakho ingaba sengcupheni ye-erythroblastosis fetalis, igazi lakho lizohlolwa njalo ngama-antibody phakathi nokukhulelwa kwakho - cishe njalo emavikini amabili kuya kwamane. Uma amazinga akho e-antibody eqala ukukhuphuka, udokotela angancoma ukuhlolwa ukuthola ukuphuma kwegazi lomthambo we-cerebral cerebral, okungeyona into ehlasela ingane. I-Erythroblastosis fetalis isolwa uma ukugeleza kwegazi kwengane kuthintekile.

Ukungahambelani kwe-Rh

Uma unegazi elingelona i-Rh, kuzohlolwa igazi likababa.Uma uhlobo lwegazi lukababa lune-Rh negative, akukho okunye ukuhlolwa okudingekayo. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlobo lwegazi lukababa lune-Rh noma uhlobo lwegazi labo lungaziwa, igazi lakho lingahlolwa futhi phakathi kwamasonto angu-18 kuya kwangama-20 okukhulelwa, liphinde liphinde lihlolwe emasontweni angama-26 kuya kwangu-27. Uzothola nokwelashwa ukuvimbela i-erythroblastosis fetalis.

Ukungahambelani kwe-ABO

Uma ingane yakho i-jaundiced ngemuva kokuzalwa, kodwa ukungahambisani kwe-Rh akuyona into ekhathazayo, ingane ingase ibhekane nezinkinga ngenxa yokungahambisani kwe-ABO. Ukungahambelani kwe-ABO kwenzeka kakhulu lapho umama one-O uhlobo lwegazi ebeletha umntwana one-A, B, noma uhlobo lwegazi lwe-AB. Ngoba O izinhlobo zegazi zingakhiqiza womabili ama-antibody A no-B, igazi likamama lingahlasela elomntwana. Kodwa-ke, lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile ziba mnandi kakhulu kunokungahambisani kwe-Rh. Ukungahambelani kwe-ABO kungatholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okwaziwa nge-Coombs test. Lokhu kuhlolwa, kanye nokuhlolwa kokuthola uhlobo lwegazi lomntwana, kwenziwa ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane. Ingakhombisa ukuthi kungani ingane ingavela ihlaselwe i-jaundiced noma i-anemic. Lezi zivivinyo zivame ukwenziwa kuzo zonke izingane ezinomama abanegazi lohlobo O.

Iphathwa kanjani i-erythroblastosis fetalis?

Uma ingane ihlangabezana ne-erythroblastosis fetalis esibelethweni, inganikezwa ukumpontshelwa igazi nge-intrauterine ukunciphisa i-anemia. Lapho amaphaphu nenhliziyo yengane kukhula ngokwanele ukulethwa, udokotela angancoma ukuthi usheshe uhambise umntwana. Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane, okunye ukumpontshelwa igazi kungadingeka. Ukunikeza ingane uketshezi ngemithambo yegazi kungathuthukisa umfutho wegazi ophansi. Ingane futhi ingadinga ukuxhaswa kokuphefumula kwesikhashana okuvela kumshini wokuphefumula noma umshini wokuphefumula ngomshini.

Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside we-erythroblastosis fetalis?

Izingane ezizalwa zine-erythroblastosis fetalis kufanele zibhekwe okungenani izinyanga ezintathu kuya kwezine ukuthola izimpawu zokushoda kwegazi. Bangadinga ukumpontshelwa igazi okwengeziwe. Kodwa-ke, uma ukunakekelwa okufanele ngaphambi kokubeletha nokunakekelwa kwangemva kokubeletha kuhanjiswa, i-erythroblastosis fetalis kufanele ivinjelwe futhi ingane akufanele ibhekane nezinkinga zesikhathi eside.

Ngabe i-erythroblastosis fetalis ingavinjelwa?

Ukwelashwa kokuvimbela okwaziwa ngokuthi i-RhoGAM, noma i-Rh immunoglobulin, kunganciphisa ukusabela kukamama kumaseli egazi ane-Rh yengane yakhe. Lokhu kufakwa njengesibhamu cishe ngesonto lama-28 lokukhulelwa. Isibhamu sinikezwa futhi okungenani amahora angama-72 ngemuva kokuzalwa uma ingane ine-Rh. Lokhu kuvimbela ukusabela okungafanele kumama uma kukhona i-placenta yengane ehlala esibelethweni.