Isithuthwane: Amaqiniso, Izibalo, Nawe

-Delile

• Izinhlobo
• Ukuquleka okugxile
• Ukuquleka okujwayelekile
• Okungaziwa (noma i-spasm yesithuthwane)
• Ukudlanga
• Iminyaka ehluphekile
• Imininingwane yobuhlanga
• Imininingwane yobulili
• Izici zobungozi
• Izinkinga
• Ukuvimbela ukuzibulala
  
• Izimbangela
• Izimpawu
• Ukuhlolwa nokuxilongwa
• Ukwelashwa
• Imithi
• Ukuhlinzwa
• Ukugqugquzela izinzwa ze-Vagus
• Ukudla
• Ukubonana nodokotela nini
• Isibikezelo
• Amaqiniso omhlaba wonke
• Ukuvimbela
• Izindleko
• Amanye amaqiniso noma imininingwane emangazayo

Isifo sokuwa yisifo sezinzwa esibangelwa wumsebenzi weseli wezinzwa ongajwayelekile ebuchosheni.

Unyaka ngamunye, abantu baseMelika abangaba ngu-150,000 batholakala ukuthi banalesi sifo esiyinhloko sezinzwa esibangela ukuquleka. Ngesikhathi sokuphila konke, umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-26 base-U.S. Uzotholakala ukuthi unalesi sifo.

Isithuthwane yi-after migraines, stroke, ne-Alzheimer's.

Ukuquleka kungadala uhla lwezimpawu, kusukela ekubukeni isikhashana kungabonakali kuze kube ukulahleka kokuqwashisa nokudikiza okungalawuleki. Okunye ukuquleka kungaba mnandi kunezinye, kepha nokuquleka okuncane kungaba yingozi uma kwenzeka ngesikhathi semisebenzi efana nokubhukuda noma ukushayela.

Nakhu okudingeka ukwazi:

Izinhlobo

Ku-2017, i-International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) ibuyekeze ukuhlukaniswa kwayo kokuhlaselwa kusukela emaqenjini amabili aphansi kuya kwamathathu, ushintsho olususelwa ezicini ezintathu ezibalulekile zokuquleka:

• lapho ukuquleka kuqala khona ebuchosheni
• izinga lokuqwashisa ngesikhathi sokudlikiza
• ezinye izici zokubanjwa, njengamakhono emoto nama-aura

Lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zokuquleka yilezi:

• ukuqala okugxile
• okwenziwe
• ukuqala okungaziwa

Ukuquleka okugxile

Ukuquleka okungathi sína - okwakuthiwa ukuhlaselwa okuyingxenye - kusuka kumanethiwekhi we-neuronal kepha kukhawulelwe engxenyeni eyodwa yezingqimba ze-cerebral hemisphere.

Ukuquleka okubangelwa yimvelo kubanga cishe amaphesenti angama-60 akho konke ukuquleka kwesithuthwane. Zihlala umzuzu owodwa kuya kwemibili futhi zinezimpawu ezinzima umuntu angakwazi ukusebenza ngazo, njengokuqhubeka nokugeza izitsha.

Izimpawu zingafaka:

• motor, sensory, and even psychic (njenge-deja vu) ukungajwayelekile
• imizwa engazelelwe, engaqondakali yenjabulo, intukuthelo, ukudabuka, noma isicanucanu
• ukuzenzakalela njengokucwayiza okuphindaphindayo, ukushwiba, ukushaya, ukuhlafuna, ukugwinya, noma ukuhamba ngemibuthano
• i-auras, noma umuzwa wokuxwayisa noma wokuqwashisa ngokuqolwa okuzayo

Ukuquleka okujwayelekile

Ukuquleka okujwayelekile kusuka kumanethiwekhi asatshalalisiwe asakazwa emazweni amabili. Zingaqala njengokugxila, bese zenziwa zibejwayelekile.

Lokhu kubanjwa kungadala:

• ukulahlekelwa ukwazi
• ukuwa
• ukucindezela okukhulu kwemisipha

Abantu abangaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-30 abanesithuthwane babhekana nokuquleka okuvamile.

Zingakhonjwa ikakhulukazi ngalezi zigaba ezingaphansi:

• Ithoni. Lolu hlobo lubonakala ngokuqina kwemisipha ikakhulukazi ezingalweni, emilenzeni nasemhlane.
• I-Clonic. Ukubanjwa kwe-Clonic kufaka phakathi ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo kokudlikiza ezinhlangothini zombili zomzimba.
• Myoclonic. Kulolu hlobo, ukunyakaza okunyakazayo noma okunyikinyikisayo kwenzeka ezingalweni, emilenzeni, noma emzimbeni ongaphezulu.
• I-Atonic. Ukuquleka kwe-Atonic kubandakanya ukulahleka kwethoni yemisipha nencazelo, ekugcineni okuholele ekuweni noma ukungakwazi ukubamba ikhanda.
• I-Tonic-clonic. Ukuquleka kwe-Tonic-clonic kwesinye isikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi ukuquleka okukhulu kwe-mal. Zingafaka inhlanganisela yalezi zimpawu ezahlukahlukene.

Okungaziwa (noma i-spasm yesithuthwane)

Imvelaphi yalokhu kuquleka ayaziwa. Babonisa ngokunwetshwa okungazelelwe noma ukujiya kwemikhawulo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingaphinde zivele ngamaqoqo.

Kuze kube ngamaphesenti angama-20 abantu abanesifo sokuwa abanesifo sokuwa (i-NES), esethula njengokuquleka kwesithuthwane, kodwa asihlangene nokukhishwa okujwayelekile kukagesi okutholakala ebuchosheni.

Ukudlanga

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe abantu base-U.S. Banesithuthwane esisebenzayo. Lokhu kuvela kubantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingama-3.4 ezweni lonke - nangaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-65 emhlabeni jikelele.

Ngokwengeziwe, cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-26 uyoba nesifo sokuwa ngesikhathi esithile esaphila.

Isifo sokuwa singaqala noma nini. Izifundo azikhombanga isikhathi sokuqala sokuxilongwa, kepha izinga lesigameko liphezulu kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-2 kanye nabantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 noma ngaphezulu.

Ngenhlanhla, ngokusho kwe-Child Neurology Foundation, cishe amaphesenti angama-50 kuye kwangama-60 ezingane ezinokuquleka ekugcineni zizokhula kuzo futhi zingalokothi zihlaselwe njengomuntu omdala.

Iminyaka ehluphekile

Emhlabeni wonke, kuzo zonke iziguli ezisanda kutholakala zesifo sokuwa zisezinganeni.

Ezingaphezu kuka-470,000 zamacala izingane. Izingane zilandisa.

Isifo sokuwa sitholakala kakhulu ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-20 noma ngemuva kweminyaka engama-65, futhi lelo nani lamacala amasha liyakhula ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-55 lapho abantu besethubeni lokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi, izicubu kanye nesifo i-Alzheimer's.

Ngokuya nge-Child Neurology Foundation:

• Ezinganeni ezinesifo sokuwa, amaphesenti angama-30 kuye kwangama-40 anesifo kuphela ngaphandle kokuquleka okucasukile. Banobuhlakani obujwayelekile, amandla okufunda, nokuziphatha.
• Cishe amaphesenti angama-20 ezingane ezinesifo sokuwa nazo zikhubazeke ngokomqondo.
• Phakathi kwezingane ezingamaphesenti angama-20 kuye kwangama-50 zinobuhlakani obujwayelekile kepha zinokukhubazeka okuthile ekufundeni.
• Inani elincane kakhulu futhi linenkinga enkulu yezinzwa, njenge-cerebral palsy.

Imininingwane yobuhlanga

Abacwaningi namanje abakacaci ukuthi ubuhlanga budlala indima yini ekutheni ngubani oba nesifo sokuwa.

Akuqondile. Abaphenyi banenkinga yokukhonkotha umjaho njengesizathu esibalulekile sokuwa. Kodwa-ke, cabanga lolu lwazi oluvela ku-Epilepsy Foundation:

• Isithuthwane sivela kaningi kuma-Hispanics kunase-non-Hispanics.
• Isifo sokuwa esisebenzayo senzeka kakhulu kwabamhlophe kunabamnyama.
• Abamnyama banesilinganiso esiphakeme sokuphila kunabamhlophe.
• Kulinganiselwa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-1.5 ase-Asia aseMelika njengamanje anesifo sokuwa.

Imininingwane yobulili

Sekukonke, abukho ubulili obunamathuba amaningi okuba nesifo sokuwa kunesinye. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ubulili ngabunye bunamathuba amaningi wokuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezithile zesifo sokuwa.

Isibonelo, kutholakale ukuthi isithuthwane esinezimpawu zivame kakhulu emadodeni kunabesifazane. I-Idiopathic generalized epilepsies, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yayivame kakhulu kwabesifazane.

Noma ikuphi ukwehluka okungenzeka kube khona kungenzeka kubangelwe umehluko wezinto eziphilayo kwabobulili obubili, kanye nezinguquko zamahomoni nokusebenza komphakathi.

Izici zobungozi

Kunezici ezithile eziyingozi ezikunikeza ithuba eliphakeme lokuba nesifo sokuwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ubudala. Isifo sokuwa singaqala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kepha abantu abaningi batholakala ngezigaba ezimbili ezihlukene empilweni: ebuntwaneni nasemva kweminyaka yobudala engama-55.
• Ukutheleleka kobuchopho. Ukutheleleka - okufana ne-meningitis - kuvutha ubuchopho nomgogodla, futhi kungakhuphula ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yisifo sokuwa.
• Ukuquleka kwengane. Ezinye izingane ziba nokuquleka okungahlobene nesithuthwane ebuntwaneni. Imfiva ephezulu kakhulu ingadala lokhu kubamba. Njengoba zikhula, ezinye zalezi zingane zingaba nesifo sokuwa.
• Ukuwohloka komqondo. Abantu ababhekana nokwehla kokusebenza kwengqondo nabo bangaba nesifo sokuwa. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu kubantu abadala asebekhulile.
• Umlando womndeni. Uma ilungu lomndeni eliseduze linesifo sokuwa, maningi amathuba okuthi ube nalesi sifo. Izingane ezinabazali abanesithuthwane zisengozini engamaphesenti amahlanu yokuba nesifo ngokwazo.
• Ukulimala ekhanda. Ukuwa kwangaphambilini, izingxabano, noma ukulimala ekhanda lakho kungadala isithuthwane. Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ngesikhathi semisebenzi efana nokuhamba ngebhayisikili, ukushushuluza eqhweni nokugibela isithuthuthu kungasiza ekuvikeleni ikhanda lakho ekulimaleni futhi mhlawumbe kuvimbele ukuxilongwa kwesifo sokuwa esikhathini esizayo.
• Izifo ze-Vascular. Izifo zemithambo yegazi nemivimbo kungadala ukulimala kobuchopho. Ukulimala kunoma iyiphi indawo yobuchopho kungadala ukuquleka futhi ekugcineni kube nesithuthwane. Indlela engcono yokuvikela isithuthwane esidalwa yizifo ezinemithambo yegazi ukunakekela inhliziyo yakho nemithambo yegazi ngokudla okunempilo nokuvivinya umzimba njalo. Futhi, gwema ukusebenzisa ugwayi nokuphuza ngokweqile.

Izinkinga

Ukuba nesifo sokuwa kwandisa ubungozi bezinkinga ezithile. Ezinye zazo zivame kakhulu kunezinye.

Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu zifaka:

Izingozi zezimoto

Izifundazwe eziningi azikhiphi ilayisense yokushayela kubantu abanomlando wokudlikiza baze bangabanjwa isikhathi esithile esibekiwe.

Ukuquleka kungadala ukulahlekelwa ukuqaphela futhi kuthinte amandla akho okulawula imoto. Ungazilimaza noma ulimaze abanye uma uquleka ngenkathi ushayela.

Ukuminza

Abantu abanesifo sokuwa basethubeni lokuminza kakhulu kunabantu bonke. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi abantu abanesithuthwane bangase baquleke lapho bes echibini lokubhukuda, echibini, kubhavu wokugeza, noma kolunye uhlangothi lwamanzi.

Bangase bangakwazi ukuhamba noma bangalahlekelwa ukuqaphela ngesimo sabo ngesikhathi sokubanjwa. Uma ubhukuda futhi unomlando wokuquleka, qiniseka ukuthi umsindisi osemsebenzini uyazi ngesimo sakho. Ungalokothi ubhukude uwedwa.

Ubunzima bezempilo ngokomzwelo

ukuzwa ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka - ukugula okuvame kakhulu kulesi sifo.

Abantu abanesifo sokuwa nabo banamathuba angamaphesenti angama-22 okufa ngokuzibulala kunabantu abaningi.

Ukuvimbela ukuzibulala

1. Uma ucabanga ukuthi othile usengozini ngokushesha yokuzilimaza noma ukulimaza omunye umuntu:
2. • Shayela ku-911 noma inombolo yakho ephuthumayo yasendaweni.
3. • Hlala nalo muntu kuze kufike usizo.
4. • Susa noma yiziphi izibhamu, imimese, imishanguzo, noma ezinye izinto ezingadala ingozi.
5. • Lalela, kodwa ungahluleli, uphikise, usongele noma umemeze.
6. Uma wena noma omunye umuntu omaziyo ecabanga ukuzibulala, thola usizo enhlekeleleni noma ku-hotline yokuvimbela ukuzibulala. Zama i-National Suicide Prevention Lifeline ku-800-273-8255.

Ukuwa

Izinhlobo ezithile zokuquleka zithinta ukunyakaza kwakho kwezimoto. Ungalahlekelwa ukulawula ukusebenza kwemisipha ngesikhathi sokudlikiza bese uwa phansi, ushaye ikhanda lakho ezintweni eziseduze, futhi uphuke nethambo.

Lokhu kuvame ukuquleka kwe-atonic, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukwehla kwethonsi.

Izinkinga ezihlobene nokukhulelwa

Abantu abanesithuthwane bangakhulelwa futhi bakhulelwe futhi babe nezingane ezinempilo, kepha kudingeka ukuqapha okwengeziwe.

Cishe amaphesenti ayi-15 kuye kwangama-25 abantu abakhulelwe bazoba nokuquleka okuba kubi kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaphesenti ayi-15 kuye kwangama-25 nawo azobona ukuthuthuka.

Eminye imishanguzo yokuthambisa isisu ingadala ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, ngakho-ke wena nodokotela wakho kudingeka nihlole ngokucophelela imishanguzo yenu ngaphambi kokuhlela ukukhulelwa.

Izinkinga ezingavamile kakhulu zifaka:

• Isimo isithuthwane. Ukuquleka okunamandla - okuhlala isikhathi eside noma okwenzeka kaningi kakhulu - kungadala isimo sokuwa. Abantu abanalesi simo kungenzeka bathuthukise ukulimala kwengqondo okungapheli.
• I -expl engazelelweukufa okunesifo sokuwa (SUDEP). Kungazelelwe, ukufa okungaqondakali kungenzeka kubantu abanesifo sokuwa, kodwa akuvamile. Kwenzeka ngesifo sokuwa futhi kukleliswe endaweni yesibili ngemuva kokushaywa unhlangothi kuzimbangela eziholela ekufeni kulesi sifo. Odokotela abazi ukuthi yini ebangela i-SUDEP, kodwa umbono owodwa uphakamisa ukuthi izinkinga zenhliziyo nezokuphefumula zinganikela.

Izimbangela

Cishe uhhafu wamacala wokuwa, imbangela ayaziwa.

Izimbangela ezine ezivame kakhulu zesifo sokuwa yilezi:

• Ukutheleleka kobuchopho. Izifo ezinjenge-AIDS, i-meningitis, ne-virus encephalitis zikhonjisiwe ukuthi zidala isithuthwane.
• Isigaxa sobuchopho. Izimila ebuchosheni zingaphazamisa ukusebenza kweseli ejwayelekile yobuchopho futhi zibangele ukuquleka.
• Ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda. Ukulimala ekhanda kungaholela ekutheni uhlaselwe yisifo sokuwa. Lokhu kulimala kungafaka ukulimala kwezemidlalo, ukuwa, noma izingozi.
• Unhlangothi. Izifo nezimo ze-Vascular, njenge-stroke, kuphazamisa ikhono lobuchopho lokusebenza ngokujwayelekile. Lokhu kungadala isithuthwane.

Ezinye izimbangela zesifo sokuwa zifaka:

• Izinkinga ze-Neurodevelopmental. I-Autism nezimo zokuthuthuka njengazo zingadala isithuthwane.
• Izici zofuzo. Ukuba nelungu lomndeni eliseduze elinesifo sokuwa kwandisa amathuba okuba nesifo sokuwa. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi isakhi sofuzo esizuzwe njengefa singadala isithuthwane. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi izakhi zofuzo ezithile zingenza umuntu athinteke kalula ezintweni ezithinta imvelo ezingaholela ekuhlaselweni yisifo sokuwa.
• Izici zokubeletha. Ngesikhathi sikhula, imibungu izwela kakhulu ekulimaleni kobuchopho. Lo monakalo kungenzeka ungumphumela wokulimala ngokomzimba, kanye nokungondleki kahle kanye nokwehlisa umoya-mpilo. Zonke lezi zinto zingadala isithuthwane noma okunye okungahambi kahle kobuchopho ezinganeni.

Izimpawu

Izimpawu zesifo sokuwa zincike ohlotsheni lokuquleka obhekene nakho nokuthi yiziphi izingxenye zobuchopho ezithintekayo.

Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zesifo sokuwa zihlanganisa:

• isipelingi esibukhali
• ukudideka
• ukulahlekelwa ukwazi noma ukuqashelwa
• ukunyakaza okungalawuleki, njengokujuxuza nokudonsa
• ukunyakaza okuphindaphindwayo

Ukuhlolwa nokuxilongwa

Ukuhlonza isithuthwane kudinga izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuhlolwa nezifundo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpawu nemizwa yakho kungumphumela wesifo sokuwa hhayi esinye isimo sezinzwa.

Izivivinyo odokotela abavame ukuzisebenzisa zifaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Udokotela wakho uzothatha amasampuli egazi lakho ukuze ahlolele izifo ezingenzeka noma ezinye izimo ezingachaza izimpawu zakho. Imiphumela yokuhlola ingakhomba nezimbangela ezingaba khona zesifo sokuwa.
• I-EEG. I-electroencephalogram (EEG) iyithuluzi elihlonza ngempumelelo isithuthwane ngempumelelo. Ngesikhathi se-EEG, odokotela babeka ama-electrode ekhanda lakho. La ma-electrode ayaqonda futhi aqopha umsebenzi kagesi owenzeka ebuchosheni bakho. Odokotela bangabe sebehlola amaphethini akho obuchopho bese bethola umsebenzi ongajwayelekile, ongakhombisa isithuthwane. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungakhomba isithuthwane noma ngabe awubanjwa yisifo sokuwa.
• Ukuhlolwa kwemizwa. Njenganoma yikuphi ukuvakashelwa kwehhovisi likadokotela, udokotela wakho uzofuna ukuqedela umlando ogcwele wezempilo. Bazofuna ukuqonda ukuthi izimpawu zakho zaqala nini nokuthi yini ohlangabezane nayo. Lolu lwazi lungasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezidingekayo nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zokwelashwa ezingasiza uma kutholakala imbangela.
• Iskena se-CT. Iskena se-computed tomography (CT) sithatha izithombe ezihlukanayo zobuchopho bakho. Lokhu kuvumela odokotela ukuthi babone ungqimba ngalunye lobuchopho bakho bese bethola izimbangela zokuquleka, kufaka phakathi ama-cysts, izicubu nokopha.
• I-MRI. I-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ithatha isithombe esiningiliziwe sobuchopho bakho. Odokotela bangasebenzisa izithombe ezenziwe i-MRI ukutadisha izindawo ezinemininingwane eminingi yobuchopho bakho futhi mhlawumbe bathole ukungajwayelekile okungaba nomthelela ekubambeni kwakho.
• I-fMRI. I-MRI esebenzayo (fMRI) ivumela odokotela bakho ukuthi babone ubuchopho bakho ngemininingwane esondele kakhulu. I-fMRI ivumela odokotela ukuthi babone ukuthi igazi ligeleza kanjani ebuchosheni bakho. Lokhu kungabasiza baqonde ukuthi yiziphi izindawo zobuchopho ezibandakanyekayo ngesikhathi sokudlikiza.
• Ukuskena kwe-PET: Iskena se-positron emission tomography (PET) sisebenzisa inani elincane lezinto ezinemisebe ephansi ukusiza odokotela ukuthi babone umsebenzi kagesi wobuchopho bakho. Okokusebenza kufakwa emthanjeni futhi umshini ungabe usuthatha izithombe zento leyo uma seyiyile ebuchosheni bakho.

Ukwelashwa

Ngokwelashwa, abantu abanesithuthwane bangangena ekuxolelweni, bathole ukukhululeka nokukhululeka ezimpawu zabo.

Ukwelashwa kungahle kube lula njengokuthatha umuthi olwa nesifo sokuwa, yize amaphesenti angama-30 kuye kwangama-40 abantu abanesithuthwane bazoqhubeka nokuquleka yize belashwa ngenxa yesithuthwane esingazweli emithini. Abanye bangadinga ukwelashwa okuthe xaxa kokuhlinzwa.

Nazi izindlela zokwelapha ezivame kakhulu zesifo sokuwa:

Imithi

Kunemithi engaphezu kuka-20 yokulwa nezidakamizwa etholakalayo namuhla. Imithi elwa nesifo sokuwa isebenza kahle kubantu abaningi.

Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi uzokwazi ukuyeka ukusebenzisa le mithi eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu, noma iminyaka emine kuya kwemihlanu.

Ngo-2018, umuthi wokuqala we-cannabidiol, i-Epidolex, wamukelwa yi-FDA ekwelapheni ama-syndromes anzima futhi angavamile eLennox-Gastaut kanye ne-Dravet syndromes ezinganeni ezingaphezulu kweminyaka engu-2. insangu (futhi ayenzi umqondo wenjabulo).

Ukuhlinzwa

Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging kungathola indawo yobuchopho obhekene nokubanjwa. Uma le ndawo yobuchopho incane kakhulu futhi ichazwe kahle, odokotela bangenza ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe izingxenye zobuchopho ezibhekene nokuquleka.

Uma ukuquleka kwakho kuvela engxenyeni yobuchopho engenakususwa, udokotela wakho usengakwazi ukwenza inqubo engasiza ukuvimbela ukuqubuka kungasabalali kuye kwezinye izindawo zobuchopho.

Ukugqugquzela izinzwa ze-Vagus

Odokotela bangafaka into ngaphansi kwesikhumba sesifuba sakho. Le divayisi ixhunywe kwi-vagus nerve entanyeni. Umshini uthumela ukuqhuma kukagesi ngenzwa nakubuchopho. Lezi pulse zikagesi zikhonjisiwe ukunciphisa ukubanjwa ngamaphesenti angama-20 kuye kwangama-40.

Ukudla

Ukudla kwe-ketogenic kufakazele ukuthi kuyasebenza ekunciphiseni ukubanjwa kwabantu abaningi abanesithuthwane, ikakhulukazi izingane.

Ngaphezu kokuzama ukudla okune-ketogenic kunokuthuthuka okungaphezulu kwamaphesenti angama-50 ekulawuleni ukuthathwa, kanti amaphesenti ayi-10 ahlangabezana nenkululeko ephelele ekuqulekeni.

Ukubonana nodokotela nini

Ukuquleka kungasabisa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka okokuqala.

Uma usutholakale unesifo sokuwa, uzofunda ukuphatha ukuquleka kwakho ngendlela enempilo. Kodwa-ke, izimo ezimbalwa zingadinga ukuthi wena noma omunye oseduze nawe afune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Lezi zimo zifaka:

• uzilimaze ngesikhathi sokudlikiza
• ukubanjwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu emihlanu
• ukwehluleka ukubuyisa ukwazi noma ukungaphefumuli ngemuva kokuphela kokuquleka
• ukuba nomkhuhlane omkhulu ngaphezu kokubanjwa
• ukuba nesifo sikashukela
• ukubanjwa okwesibili ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqala
• ukubanjwa okubangelwa ukukhathala kokushisa

Kufanele wazise osebenza nabo, abangane, nabathandekayo ukuthi unalesi simo futhi ubasize bazi ukuthi benzeni.

Isibikezelo

Isibikezelo somuntu sincike ngokuphelele ohlotsheni lwesifo sokuwa abanalo nokuquleka okubangelwa yikho.

Izophendula kahle kumuthi wokuqala we-antiepileptic abunikezwe wona. Abanye bangadinga usizo olwengeziwe ukuthola umuthi osebenza kahle kakhulu.

Ngemuva kokungabambeki cishe iminyaka emibili, abantu abangamaphesenti angama-68 bazoyeka imishanguzo. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu amaphesenti angama-75 abantu bazoyeka imishanguzo yabo.

Ubungozi bokubanjwa okuvela kaningi ngemuva kwamabanga okuqala ngokubanzi kusuka.

Amaqiniso omhlaba wonke

Ngokwe-Epilepsy Action Australia, abantu abayizigidi ezingama-65 emhlabeni wonke banesifo sokuwa. Cishe amaphesenti angama-80 alaba bantu ahlala emazweni asathuthuka.

Isifo sokuwa singelashwa ngempumelelo, kodwa abantu abangaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-75 abahlala emazweni asathuthuka abakutholi ukwelashwa abakudingayo ngokuquleka kwabo.

Ukuvimbela

Isithuthwane asinayo ikhambi futhi asikwazi ukuvinjelwa ngokuphelele. Noma kunjalo, ungathatha izinyathelo ezithile zokuqapha, ezibandakanya:

• Ukuvikela ikhanda lakho ekulimaleni. Izingozi, ukuwa nokulimala ekhanda kungadala isithuthwane. Gqoka izigqoko zokuzivikela uma uhamba ngebhayisikili, ushibilika eqhweni, noma uhlanganyela kunoma yimuphi umcimbi okubeka engcupheni yokulimala ekhanda.
• Ukubopha phezulu. Izingane kufanele zihambe ngezihlalo zemoto ezifanele iminyaka yazo nobukhulu bazo. Wonke umuntu osemotweni kufanele abophe ibhande ukuze agweme ukulimala ekhanda okuxhumene nesifo sokuwa.
• Ukuqapha ukulimala ngaphambi kokubeletha. Ukuzinakekela kahle ngenkathi ukhulelwe kusiza ukuvikela ingane yakho ezimweni ezithile zempilo, kuhlanganise nesifo sokuwa.
• Ukuthola umgomo. Ukugonywa kwengane kungazivikela ezifweni ezingaholela esithuthweni.
• Ukulondoloza impilo yakho yenhliziyo. Ukwengamela umfutho wegazi ophakeme nezinye izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo kungasiza ukunqanda isithuthwane njengoba ukhula.

Izindleko

Unyaka nonyaka, abaseMelika basebenzisa okungaphezulu kokunakekela nokwelapha isithuthwane.

Izindleko zokunakekelwa okuqondile ngesiguli ngasinye zingasukela kusuka. Izindleko eziqondene nesifo sokuwa ngonyaka zingabiza ngaphezulu kwe- $ 20,000.

Amanye amaqiniso noma imininingwane emangazayo

Ukuquleka akusho ukuthi unesifo sokuwa. Ukuquleka okungavunyelwe akubangelwa yisifo sokuwa.

Kodwa-ke, ukuquleka okubili noma ngaphezulu okungavunyelwe kungakhombisa ukuthi unesifo sokuwa. Iningi lezindlela zokwelashwa ngeke liqale kuze kwenzeke lapho kuthathwa okwesibili.

Ngokuphikisana nombono odumile, akunakwenzeka ukugwinya ulimi lwakho ngesikhathi sokudlikiza - noma nganoma iyiphi enye indawo ngesikhathi.

Ikusasa lokwelashwa kwesifo sokuwa libukeka liqhakazile. Abaphenyi bakholelwa ukuthi ukugqugquzelwa kobuchopho kungasiza abantu ukuthi bahlangabezane nokuquleka okumbalwa. Ama-electrode amancane afakwe ebuchosheni bakho angaqondisa kabusha amapayipi kagesi ebuchosheni futhi anganciphisa ukuquleka. Ngokunjalo nemithi yesimanjemanje, njenge-Epidolex eyakhiwe insangu, inika abantu ithemba elisha.