I-Fibromuscular Dysplasia

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu nezimpawu?
• Kubangelwa yini?
• Izakhi zofuzo
• AmaHormone
• Imithambo engajwayelekile
• Ubani otholayo?
• Kutholakala kanjani?
• Ilashwa kanjani?
• I-angioplasty yokuhumusha okwenzeka ngamakhemikhali
• Ukuhlinzwa
• Kukuthinta kanjani ukulindela isikhathi sokuphila?

Kuyini i-fibromuscular dysplasia?

I-Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) yisimo esenza ukuthi amangqamuzana angeziwe akhule ngaphakathi kwezindonga zemithambo. Imithambo yegazi yimithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi lisuke enhliziyweni yakho liye kuwo wonke umzimba wakho. Ukukhula kweseli okungeziwe kunciphisa imithambo yegazi, kuvumela igazi elincane ukuba ligeleze ngayo. Kungadala futhi ama-bulges (aneurysms) nezinyembezi (ukuhlukaniswa) emithanjeni yegazi.

I-FMD imvamisa ithinta imithambo esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo enikezela igazi ku:

• izinso (imithambo yegazi)
• ubuchopho (imithambo ye-carotid)
• isisu noma amathumbu (imithambo ye-mesenteric)
• izingalo nemilenze

Ukuncipha kwegazi okuya kulezi zitho kungaholela ekulimaleni unomphela.

I-FMD ithinta phakathi kwamaphesenti ama-1 namaphesenti ama-5 aseMelika. Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zabantu abanalesi simo banayo emithanjeni engaphezu kweyodwa.

Ziyini izimpawu nezimpawu?

I-FMD ayibangeli izimpawu njalo. Uma kwenzeka, izimpawu zincike ekutheni yiziphi izitho ezithintekayo.

Izimpawu zokwehla kwegazi okuye ezinsweni zifaka:

• ubuhlungu ohlangothini
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• ukuncipha kwenso
• ukusebenza kwezinso okungajwayelekile lapho kulinganiswa ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Izimpawu zokwehla kwegazi okuya ebuchosheni zifaka:

• ikhanda
• isiyezi
• ubuhlungu bentamo
• ukukhala noma ukukhipha umsindo ezindlebeni
• izinkophe zamehlo
• abafundi abangalingani
• unhlangothi noma i-ministroke

Izimpawu zokwehla kwegazi kuye esiswini zifaka:

• ubuhlungu besisu ngemuva kokudla
• ukuncipha kwesisindo okungaqondakali

Izimpawu zokwehla kwegazi okuya ezingalweni nasemilenzeni zifaka:

• ubuhlungu esithweni esithintekile lapho uhamba noma ugijima
• ubuthakathaka noma ukuba ndikindiki
• ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa noma umbala esitho esithintekile

Kubangelwa yini?

Odokotela abaqiniseki ukuthi yini ebangela i-FMD. Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi baxazulule imibono emithathu eyinhloko:

Izakhi zofuzo

Cishe amaphesenti ayi-10 amacala e-FMD avela emalungwini omndeni owodwa, okuphakamisa ukuthi ufuzo lungadlala indima. Kodwa-ke, ukuthi umzali wakho noma ingane yakini inalesi simo akusho ukuthi uzoyithola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalungu omndeni angaba ne-FMD ethinta imithambo ehlukene.

AmaHormone

Abesifazane banamathuba aphindwe kathathu noma amane okuthola i-FMD kunabesilisa, okusikisela ukuthi ama-hormone abesifazane angabandakanyeka. Kodwa-ke, kudingeka olunye ucwaningo ukuqinisekisa lokhu.

Imithambo engajwayelekile

Ukushoda komoya-mpilo emithanjeni ngenkathi kwakha kungadala ukuthi bakhule ngokungavamile, okuholele ekwehleni kokugeleza kwegazi.

Ubani otholayo?

Yize imbangela ngqo ye-FMD ingaziwa, kunezici ezimbalwa ezingakhuphula amathuba akho okuba nayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• ukuba ngowesifazane ongaphansi kweminyaka engama-50
• ukuba nelungu elilodwa noma amaningi omndeni analesi simo
• ukubhema

Kutholakala kanjani?

Udokotela wakho angase asole ukuthi une-FMD ngemuva kokuzwa umsindo we-swooshing lapho ulalele umthambo wakho nge-stethoscope. Ngaphezu kokuhlola ezinye izimpawu zakho, bangaphinda basebenzise ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwakho.

Ukuhlola ukuhlolwa okusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-FMD kufaka:

• I-Duplex (Doppler) ultrasound. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusebenzisa amagagasi omsindo aphakama kakhulu nekhompyutha ukudala izithombe zemithambo yegazi yakho. Ingakhombisa ukuthi igazi ligeleza kahle kanjani emithanjeni yakho.
• I-angiography yamagnetic resonance. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusebenzisa odonsa abanamandla namagagasi omsakazo ukudala izithombe zemithambo yegazi lakho.
• I-computed tomography angiography. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusebenzisa i-X-ray kanye nodayi wokuqhathanisa ukukhiqiza izithombe ezinemininingwane yemithambo yegazi yakho.
• I-Arteriography. Uma izivivinyo ezingenasidingo zingakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, ungahle udinge i-arteriogram. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusebenzisa udayi wokuqhathanisa ojojowe ngocingo olubekwe emgodini wakho noma engxenyeni ethintekile yomzimba wakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuthathwa ama-X-ray emithanjeni yakho yegazi.

Ilashwa kanjani?

Alikho ikhambi le-FMD, kepha ungaliphatha. Ukwelashwa kungakusiza ukuphatha izimpawu zakho nokuvikela izinkinga zesifo.

Abantu abaningi bathola ukukhululeka okuthile emithini yomfutho wegazi, kufaka phakathi:

• ama-angiotensin II receptor blockers: i-candesartan (Atacand), irbesartan (Avapro), losartan (Cozaar), i-valsartan (Diovan)
• i-angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (i-ACE inhibitors): benazepril (Lotensin), enalapril (Vasotec), lisinopril (Prinvil, Zestril)
• i-beta–abavimba: i-atenolol (Tenormin), i-metoprolol (iLopressor, iTrolrol-XL)
• abavimba isiteshi se-calcium: i-amlodipine (iNorvasc), i-nifedipine (i-Adalat CC, i-Afeditab CR, iProcardia)

Kungase kudingeke nokuthi uthathe izinciphisi zegazi, njenge-aspirin, ukuvimbela amahlule egazi. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuthi igazi lidlule emithanjeni emincane.

Izinketho zokwelashwa ezingeziwe zifaka:

I-angioplasty yokuhumusha okwenzeka ngamakhemikhali

Ishubhu elincanyana elibizwa ngokuthi i-catheter elinebhaluni ekugcineni komunye umucu kufakwa emthanjeni omncane. Bese kuthi ibhaluni ligcwale umoya ukuze kugcinwe umthambo uvulekile.

Ukuhlinzwa

Uma uvinjelwe umthambo wakho, noma umthambo wakho uncane ngokweqile, ungadinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze ukukulungise. Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uzosusa ingxenye evinjiwe yomthambo wakho noma ahlele kabusha ukugeleza kwegazi okuzungezile.

Kukuthinta kanjani ukulindela isikhathi sokuphila?

I-FMD imvamisa iyisimo sempilo yonke. Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi abakatholi bufakazi bokuthi kunciphisa isikhathi sokuphila, futhi abantu abaningi abane-FMD baphila kahle bangena kuma-80s kanye nama-90s abo.

Sebenza nodokotela wakho ukuthola indlela engcono yokuphatha izimpawu zakho, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ubatshela uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha, kufaka phakathi:

• umbono uyashintsha
• ukukhuluma kuyashintsha
• izinguquko ezingachazeki ezingalweni noma emilenzeni yakho