Imininingwane Ejabulisayo Ngohlelo Lwezinzwa

-Delile

• 1. Umzimba unamabhiliyoni amangqamuzana ezinzwa
• 2. Ama-Neuron enziwe ngezingxenye ezintathu
• 3. Ama-Neuron angabonakala ahlukile komunye nomunye
• 4. Ama-Neuron ahlelelwe ukwenza izinto ezihlukile
• 5. Kunezingxenye ezimbili zesimiso sezinzwa
• 6. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlelo zezinzwa
• 7. Uhlelo olungazibandakanyi luhlukaniswe lwaba izingxenye ezintathu
• 8. Umzimba unohlelo lwezinzwa lokulungiselela umzimba ukuthi wenze okuthile
• 9. Kunohlelo lwemizwa lokulawula umzimba uphumule
• 10. Kunohlelo lwemizwa lokulawula amathumbu
• 11. Isistimu yakho yezinzwa ingagqekezwa

Isistimu yezinzwa uhlelo lokuxhumana lwangaphakathi lomzimba. Yakhiwe ngamangqamuzana amaningi omzimba omzimba. Amaseli ezinzwa angena ngolwazi ngezinzwa zomzimba: ukuthinta, ukunambitha, ukuhogela, ukubona, nomsindo. Ubuchopho buhumusha lezi zinkomba zemizwa ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani ngaphandle nangaphakathi komzimba. Lokhu kuvumela umuntu ukuthi asebenzise umzimba wakhe ukuxhumana nemvelo yakhe ezungezile nokulawula ukusebenza komzimba wabo.

Isistimu yezinzwa iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Sithembele kuyo nsuku zonke ukuthi isisize sihlale siphilile futhi siphephile. Kungani kufanele silwazise uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa? Funda la maqiniso ayi-11 amnandi futhi uzokwazi ukuthi kungani:

1. Umzimba unamabhiliyoni amangqamuzana ezinzwa

Umzimba wawo wonke umuntu uqukethe izigidigidi zamaseli ezinzwa (ama-neurons). Kunezinkulungwane ezingaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu ebuchosheni kanye nezigidi eziyi-13.5 entanjeni yomgogodla. Ama-neurons omzimba ayathatha futhi athumele amasiginali kagesi namakhemikhali (amandla kagesi kagesi) kwamanye ama-neurons.

2. Ama-Neuron enziwe ngezingxenye ezintathu

Ama-Neurons athola amasiginali engxenyeni emfushane efana nezimpondo ebizwa ngokuthi i-dendrite, futhi athumele amasiginali kwamanye ama-neurons anengxenye ende enjengentambo ebizwa nge-axon. I-axon ingaba ubude bemitha ubude.

Kwamanye ama-neuron, ama-axon ambozwe ungqimba oluncane lwamafutha abizwa ngokuthi i-myelin, esebenza njenge-insulator. Kuyasiza ukudlulisa amasiginali wezinzwa, noma imizwa, phansi kwe-axon ende. Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-neuron ibizwa ngomzimba weseli. Iqukethe zonke izingxenye ezibalulekile zeseli ezivumela ukuthi zisebenze kahle.

3. Ama-Neuron angabonakala ahlukile komunye nomunye

Ama-Neurons eza ngezindlela ezahlukene nobukhulu ngokuya ngokuthi akuphi emzimbeni nokuthi ahlelelwe ukwenzani. Ama-neurons wezinzwa anama-dendrites emaphethelweni womabili futhi axhunywe yi-axon ende enomzimba weseli phakathi. Ama-motor neurons anomzimba weseli kolunye uhlangothi nama-dendrites kolunye uhlangothi, ane-axon ende phakathi.

4. Ama-Neuron ahlelelwe ukwenza izinto ezihlukile

Kunezinhlobo ezine zama-neurons:

• Inzwa: Ama-neurons azwayo aletha amasiginali kagesi avela ezingxenyeni ezingaphandle zomzimba - {textend} izindlala, imisipha, nesikhumba - {textend} ku-CNS.
• Isithuthuthu: Ama-motor neurons aphatha amasiginali avela ku-CNS aye ezingxenyeni ezingaphandle zomzimba.
• Abamukeli: Ama-Receptor neurons azwa imvelo (ukukhanya, umsindo, ukuthinta, namakhemikhali) okuzungezile futhi ukuguqula kube amandla kagesi kagesi athunyelwa ama-neurons wezinzwa.
• Ama-interneurons: Ama-interneuron athumela imiyalezo esuka ku-neuron eyodwa iye kwenye.

5. Kunezingxenye ezimbili zesimiso sezinzwa

Isistimu yezinzwa yomuntu ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili. Zihlukaniswa indawo yazo emzimbeni futhi zifaka phakathi uhlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi (i-CNS) kanye ne-peripheral nervous system (PNS).

I-CNS itholakala kugebhezi nakumgudu we-vertebral womgogodla. Kubandakanya izinzwa ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni. Zonke izinzwa ezisele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ziyingxenye ye-PNS.

6. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlelo zezinzwa

Umzimba wawo wonke umuntu une-CNS ne-PNS. Kepha futhi inezinhlelo zezinzwa zokuzithandela nezingazithandeli. Uhlelo lomzimba lokuzithandela (somatic) lilawula izinto umuntu azaziyo futhi angazilawula ngokuqaphela, njengokuhambisa ikhanda, izingalo, imilenze, noma ezinye izitho zomzimba.

Uhlelo lokuzikhethela lomzimba (lwe-vegetative noma lwe-othomathikhi) lokulawula izinqubo emzimbeni umuntu angazilawuli ngokuqonda. Ihlala isebenza futhi ilawula isilinganiso senhliziyo yomuntu, ukuphefumula, imetabolism, phakathi kwezinye izinqubo zomzimba ezibucayi.

7. Uhlelo olungazibandakanyi luhlukaniswe lwaba izingxenye ezintathu

I-CNS ne-PNS zombili zifaka izingxenye zokuzithandela nezokungazibandakanyi. Lezi zingxenye zixhunywe ku-CNS, kepha hhayi kwi-PNS, lapho zivame ukuvela ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba. Ingxenye engazibandakanyi ye-PNS ifaka phakathi amasistimu ezwela anozwela, we-parasympathetic, ne-enteric.

8. Umzimba unohlelo lwezinzwa lokulungiselela umzimba ukuthi wenze okuthile

Isistimu yezinzwa ezwelana nozwelo itshela umzimba ukuthi ulungele ukuzivocavoca ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Kubangela ukuthi inhliziyo ishaye ngamandla futhi ngokushesha futhi kuvule izindlela zomoya ukuze uphefumule kalula. Iphinde iyeke ukugaya okwesikhashana ukuze umzimba ukwazi ukugxila esenzweni esisheshayo.

9. Kunohlelo lwemizwa lokulawula umzimba uphumule

Uhlelo lwezinzwa lwe-parasympathetic lulawula ukusebenza komzimba lapho umuntu ephumule. Eminye yemisebenzi yayo ifaka phakathi ukugqugquzela ukugaya ukudla, ukwenza imetabolism isebenze, nokusiza umzimba uphumule.

10. Kunohlelo lwemizwa lokulawula amathumbu

Umzimba unohlelo lwawo lwemizwa olulawula nje amathumbu. Uhlelo lwe-enteric lwezinzwa lulawula ngokuzenzakalela ukuhamba kwamathumbu njengengxenye yokugaya ukudla.

11. Isistimu yakho yezinzwa ingagqekezwa

manje sebethuthukisa izindlela “zokugenca” amasosha omzimba, bathola amandla okulawula amangqamuzana obuchopho ngokukhanya kwesibani. Amaseli angahlelwa ukuthi asabele ekukhanyeni ngokushintsha kofuzo.

Ukugenca kungasiza ososayensi ukuthi bafunde ngemisebenzi yamaqembu ahlukene ezinzwa. Bangasebenzisa amaseli obuchopho amaningana ngasikhathi sinye futhi babheke imiphumela yabo emzimbeni.