I-Guillain-Barré Syndrome

-Delile

• Yini ebangela isifo seGuillain-Barré?
• Ziyini izimpawu ze-Guillain-Barré syndrome?
• Sitholakala kanjani isifo seGuillain-Barré?
• Thepha umgogodla
• I-Electromyography
• Ukuhlolwa kokuqhutshwa kwemizwa
• Uphathwa kanjani uGuillain-Barré syndrome?
• I-Plasmapheresis (ukushintshaniswa kwe-plasma)
• I-immunoglobulin efakwa ngaphakathi
• Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha
• Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-Guillain-Barré syndrome?
• Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside?

Yini i-Guillain-Barré syndrome?

I-Guillain-Barré syndrome yisifo esingajwayelekile kodwa esibi sokuzivikela komzimba lapho amasosha omzimba ehlasela amangqamuzana ezinzwa anempilo ohlelweni lwakho lwe-peripheral nervous (PNS).

Lokhu kuholela ekubeni buthakathaka, ukuba ndikindiki, nokushosheka, futhi ekugcineni kungadala ukukhubazeka.

Imbangela yalesi simo ayaziwa, kepha imvamisa idalwa ukugula okuthelelanayo, njenge-gastroenteritis (ukucasuka kwesisu noma amathumbu) noma ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu.

IGuillain-Barré ayivamile, ithinta cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-100 000 baseMelika, ngokusho kweNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.

Alikho ikhambi le-syndrome, kepha ukwelashwa kunganciphisa ukuqina kwezimpawu zakho futhi kunciphise isikhathi sokugula.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zeGuillain-Barré, kepha ifomu elijwayeleke kakhulu ukuvuvukala okunamandla okudonsela phansi i-polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). Kubangela ukulimala kwe-myelin.

Ezinye izinhlobo zifaka iMiller Fisher syndrome, ethinta izinzwa ze-cranial.

Yini ebangela isifo seGuillain-Barré?

Isizathu esiqondile sikaGuillain-Barre asaziwa. Ngokusho kwe-, cishe abantu ababili kwabathathu babantu abane-Guillain-Barré bayithuthukisa ngemuva nje kokuba beguliswe isifo sohudo noma isifo sokuphefumula.

Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi impendulo engafanele yomzimba ekuguleni kwangaphambilini idala lesi sifo.

Campylobacter jejuni ukutheleleka kuhlotshaniswa noGuillain-Barré. I-Campylobacter ingenye yezimbangela ezivamile zebhaktheriya zohudo e-United States. Futhi kuyingozi ejwayelekile kakhulu kuGuillain-Barré.

I-Campylobacter ivame ukutholakala ekudleni okungaphekiwe, ikakhulukazi izinkukhu.

Ukutheleleka okulandelayo kuphinde kwahlotshaniswa noGuillain-Barré:

• umkhuhlane
• i-cytomegalovirus (CMV), okuyinkinga yegciwane le-herpes
• Ukutheleleka nge-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), noma i-mononucleosis
• i-mycoplasma pneumonia, okuyi-pneumonia engajwayelekile ebangelwa amagciwane afana ne-bacteria
• I-HIV noma i-AIDS

Noma ngubani angathola uGuillain-Barre, kepha kuvame kakhulu kubantu abadala asebekhulile.

Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, abantu bangakhula izinsuku zokuphazamiseka noma amasonto ngemuva kokuthola i-.

I-CDC kanye ne-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banezinhlelo ezikhona zokuqapha ukuphepha kwemithi yokugoma, ukuthola izimpawu zokuqala zemiphumela emibi, nokuqopha noma yimaphi amacala eGuillain-Barré aqala ukulandela ukugoma.

I-CDC ukuthi ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi maningi amathuba okuthi uthole uGuillain-Barré emkhuhlaneni, kunokuba uthole umuthi wokugoma.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Guillain-Barré syndrome?

Ku-Guillain-Barre syndrome, amasosha akho omzimba ahlasela isistimu yakho yezinzwa.

Izinzwa ezisehlelweni lakho lezinzwa zixhuma ubuchopho bakho kuwo wonke umzimba wakho futhi zidlulisele amasiginali emisipheni yakho.

Imisipha ngeke ikwazi ukuphendula izimpawu ezizithola ebuchosheni bakho uma lezi zinzwa zilimele.

Uphawu lokuqala imvamisa kuyisilonda esithweni sakho sezinzwani, ezinyaweni nasemilenzeni. Ukushoshozela kusakazekela phezulu ezingalweni naseminwe yakho.

Izimpawu zingathuthuka ngokushesha okukhulu. Kwabanye abantu, lesi sifo singaba sibi emahoreni ambalwa nje.

Izimpawu zikaGuillain-Barre zifaka:

• ukuzwa noma ukubhoboza iminwe yakho nezinzwani
• ubuthakathaka bemisipha emilenzeni yakho obuya emzimbeni wakho ongenhla futhi buya ngokuya ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• kunzima ukuhamba kahle
• ubunzima bokuhambisa amehlo noma ubuso bakho, ukukhuluma, ukuhlafuna, noma ukugwinya
• ubuhlungu obukhulu beqolo
• ukulahlekelwa ukulawula isinye
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• ukuphefumula kanzima
• ukukhubazeka

Sitholakala kanjani isifo seGuillain-Barré?

UGuillain-Barré kunzima ukuxilonga ekuqaleni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izimpawu zifana kakhulu nezinye izifo zemizwa noma izimo ezithinta uhlelo lwezinzwa, njenge-botulism, meningitis, noma i-heavy metal poisoning.

Ubuthi obunamandla bensimbi bungabangelwa izinto ezifana nomthofu, i-mercury ne-arsenic.

Udokotela wakho uzokubuza imibuzo mayelana nezimpawu ezithile nomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile futhi uma uke waba nezifo noma izifo ezisanda kwenzeka noma ezedlule.

Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kusetshenziselwa ukusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa:

Thepha umgogodla

Umpompi womgogodla (ukubhoboza i-lumbar) kuhilela ukuthatha inani elincane loketshezi emgogodleni wakho emhlane ongezansi. Lolu ketshezi lubizwa ngokuthi yi-cerebrospinal fluid. I-cerebrospinal fluid yakho bese iyahlolwa ukuthola amazinga wamaprotheni.

Abantu abaneGuillain-Barré ngokuvamile banamazinga amaprotheni aphakeme kakhulu kunokujwayelekile ejwayelekile ye-cerebrospinal fluid.

I-Electromyography

I-electromyography isivivinyo somsebenzi wezinzwa. Ifunda umsebenzi kagesi kusuka emisipheni ukusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi afunde uma ubuthakathaka bakho bemisipha budalwa ukulimala kwezinzwa noma ukulimala kwemisipha.

Ukuhlolwa kokuqhutshwa kwemizwa

Izifundo zokuqhuba imizwa zingasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukuthi izinzwa nemisipha yakho isabela kanjani emapulini amancane kagesi.

Uphathwa kanjani uGuillain-Barré syndrome?

IGuillain-Barré inqubo yokuvuvukala okuzenzakalelayo enokuzinqanda, okusho ukuthi izoxazulula yodwa. Kodwa-ke, noma ngubani onalesi simo kufanele angeniswe esibhedlela ukuze abhekisiswe. Izimpawu zingakhula ngokushesha futhi zingabulala uma zingelashwa.

Ezimweni ezinzima, abantu abane-Guillain-Barré bangakhubazeka ngokugcwele. UGuillain-Barré angabeka impilo engozini uma ukukhubazeka kuthinta i-diaphragm noma imisipha yesifuba, kuvimbela ukuphefumula okufanele.

Inhloso yokwelashwa ukunciphisa ukuqina kokuhlaselwa kwamasosha omzimba nokusekela imisebenzi yomzimba wakho, njengokusebenza kwamaphaphu, ngenkathi uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa lusalulama.

Ukwelashwa kungafaka:

I-Plasmapheresis (ukushintshaniswa kwe-plasma)

Amasosha omzimba akhiqiza amaprotheni abizwa ngama-antibody avamise ukuhlasela izinto eziyingozi zangaphandle, njengamagciwane namagciwane. IGuillain-Barré yenzeka lapho amasosha akho omzimba enza ngephutha amasosha omzimba ahlasela izinzwa ezinempilo zesistimu yakho yezinzwa.

I-Plasmapheresis ihloselwe ukususa amasosha omzimba ahlasela izinzwa egazini lakho.

Phakathi nale nqubo, kususwa igazi emzimbeni wakho ngomshini. Lo mshini ususa ama-antibody egazini lakho bese ubuyisela igazi emzimbeni wakho.

I-immunoglobulin efakwa ngaphakathi

Ukweqiwa okuphezulu kwe-immunoglobulin nakho kungasiza ukuvimba amasosha omzimba abangela uGuillain-Barré. I-Immunoglobulin iqukethe amasosha omzimba ajwayelekile, anempilo avela kubaxhasi.

I-Plasmapheresis ne-immunoglobulin efakwa emithanjeni isebenza ngokulinganayo. Kukuwe nodokotela wakho ukunquma ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha

Unganikezwa umuthi wokuqeda izinhlungu futhi uvimbele amahlule egazi ngenkathi unganyakazi.

Kungenzeka uthole ukwelashwa ngokomzimba nangokomsebenzi. Ngesikhathi sesifo esibucayi, abanakekeli bazohambisa izingalo nemilenze yakho ukuzigcina ziguquguquka.

Lapho usuqale ukululama, abelaphi bazosebenzisana nawe ekuqiniseni imisipha kanye nemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokuphila kwansuku zonke (ADLs). Lokhu kungafaka imisebenzi yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu, njengokugqoka.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-Guillain-Barré syndrome?

UGuillain-Barré uthinta izinzwa zakho. Ubuthakathaka nokukhubazeka okwenzekayo kungathinta izingxenye eziningi zomzimba wakho.

Izinkinga zingafaka ukuphefumula kanzima lapho ukukhubazeka noma ubuthakathaka busakazekela emisipheni elawula ukuphefumula. Ungadinga umshini obizwa nge-respirator ukukusiza uphefumule uma lokhu kwenzeka.

Izinkinga zingafaka futhi:

• ubuthakathaka obudlulayo, ukuba ndikindiki, noma okunye ukuzwa okungajwayelekile nangemva kokululama
• izinkinga zenhliziyo noma umfutho wegazi
• ubuhlungu
• umsebenzi wamathumbu noma wesinye ophuzayo
• amahlule egazi nezindlala ngenxa yokukhubazeka

Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside?

Isikhathi sokululama kukaGuillain-Barré singaba side, kepha abantu abaningi bayalulama.

Ngokuvamile, izimpawu zizoba zimbi kakhulu amasonto amabili kuya kwamane ngaphambi kokuba zisimame. Ukubuyiselwa kungathatha noma yikuphi kusuka emavikini ambalwa kuye eminyakeni embalwa, kepha iningi liyalulama ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya kweziyi-12.

Cishe amaphesenti angama-80 abantu abathintekile nguGuillain-Barré angakwazi ukuhamba ngokuzimela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, kanti amaphesenti angama-60 abuyisa amandla awo ejwayelekile emisipha ngonyaka owodwa.

Kwabanye, ukululama kuthatha isikhathi eside. Cishe amaphesenti angama-30 asabhekana nobuthakathaka obuthile ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu.

Cishe amaphesenti ama-3 abantu abathintekile nguGuillain-Barré bazobuyela ekuqhamukeni kwezimpawu zabo, njengobuthakathaka nokushoshozela, noma ngabe yiminyaka ngemuva komcimbi wokuqala.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, lesi simo singasongela impilo, ikakhulukazi uma ungatholi ukwelashwa. Izici ezingadala umphumela omubi zifaka:

• ukukhula
• ukugula okunzima noma okuqhubeka ngokushesha
• ukubambezeleka kokwelashwa, okungaholela ekulimaleni kakhulu kwezinzwa
• ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside komshini wokuphefumula, okungakubeka engcupheni yokuphefumula

Amahlule egazi nezilonda zombhede ezibangelwa ukungasebenzi emzimbeni kungancishiswa. Ama-thinner wegazi kanye nesitokisi sokucindezela kunganciphisa ukujiya.

Ukubeka kabusha umzimba wakho njalo kunciphisa ukucindezela komzimba okuhlala isikhathi eside okuholela ekuwohlokeni kwezicubu, noma izilonda zokulala.

Ngaphezu kwezimpawu zakho zomzimba, ungahlangabezana nobunzima obungokomzwelo. Kungaba yinselele ukujwayela ukuhamba okulinganiselwe nokwenyuka kokuncika kwabanye. Ungakuthola kuwusizo ukukhuluma nomelaphi.