Ukuguqulwa Kwezokunakekelwa Kwezempilo: Lokho Abesifazane Okufanele Bakwazi

-Delile

• Buyekeza kwe-

Ngemuva kweminyaka yokuphikiswana, uMthetho Wokunakekelwa Okuthengekayo wagcina uphasisiwe ngo-2010. Ngeshwa kusenokudideka okuningi mayelana nokuthi lokho kusho ukuthini kuwe. Futhi ngokuhlinzekelwa okuthile sekuqalile ngo-Agasti 1, 2012, kanti okunye okusalindeleke ukuthi kuqale ngoJanuwari 1, 2014, manje yisikhathi sokukuthola. Ngenhlanhla iningi lezindaba ezinhle.

Ukuhwebelana Komshwalense

Okufanele ukwazi: Uhulumeni uthi "ukuhwebelana ngemishwalense" kombuso kufanele kube sekuvulelwe ibhizinisi ngo-Okthoba 1, 2013. Futhi kwaziwa izimakethe zombuso, lezi zingxoxo kulapho abantu abangenayo imishwalense ngomsebenzi wabo noma uhulumeni angathenga okungabizi ukunakekelwa. Izizwe zingasetha ukushintshana kwazo futhi zisungule imithetho yabahlinzeki bomshuwalense ababambe iqhaza, noma zivumele uhulumeni asethe ukushintshaniswa futhi akusebenzise ngokuya ngenqubomgomo yenhlangano. Lokhu kuzoholela ekwehlukaneni kombuso nezwe ezindabeni zomuntu ngamunye njengokuthi ukukhishwa kwezisu kungambozwa yini ngumshuwalense. Ukumbozwa okusha kuzoqala ngoJanuwari 1, 2014, futhi akunamthelela kubantu abanomshuwalense wangasese.

Okufanele ngikwenze: Izifundazwe eziningi sezivele zinqume ukuthi zizosetha yini ukuhwebelana kwazo, ngakho-ke uma ungaqinisekisiwe, thola isimo lapho uhlala khona. Qala ngokubheka le mephu kahulumeni ekulula ukuyisebenzisa, evuselelwa masonto onke, ekhombisa imininingwane eyaziwayo yohlelo lonke lombuso. Ngemininingwane engaphezulu, hlola lolu hlu lwezinsizakalo ezinikezwe izwe ngalinye.

Intela Yesijeziso Somthwalo Wokwabelana (Igunya lomuntu ngamunye)

Okufanele ukwazi: Ukuqala ngentela yakho yango-2013, kuzofanele umemezele kumafomu akho entela lapho uthola khona umshuwalense wakho wezempilo, kufaka phakathi inkampani nenombolo yakho yenqubomgomo yokuqinisekiswa. Kusukela ngo-2014, abantu abangenawo umshwalense kuzofanele bakhokhe inhlawulo eyaziwa ngokuthi "inkokhelo eyabelwe bonke" ukuze kuvinjelwe abantu ekulindeni baze bagule bafune umshwalense noma bathembele ekukhokheni amalungu ukubhekana nezindleko zabo eziphuthumayo. Ekuqaleni inhlawulo iqala incane, ibe ngama- $ 95, bese ifinyelela ku- $ 695 noma i-2.5% yemali engenayo yomndeni (noma yikuphi enkulu) ngo-2016. Ngenkathi intela ihlolwa ngonyaka, ungakhokha njalo ngenyanga kuyo unyaka wonke.

Okufanele ngikwenze: Abenzi bomthetho abaningi bathi kunenqwaba yokukhululwa kule ngxenye ye-Affordable Care Act, ngakho-ke uma ungakabi nawo umshwalense wezempilo, qala ukuhlola izinketho zakho. (Izifundazwe eziningi zinolwazi okungenani oluthize selutholakala kumawebhusayithi azo.) Uma uzizwa sengathi awukwazi ukukhokhela intela yenhlawulo, qala ukufaka isicelo sokukhululwa bese uhlola ukubona ukuthi ukulungele yini ukuthola uxhaso lwezempilo (abantu abaningi kube). Futhi uma umane ungafuni ukuthenga umshuwalense, qala ukonga ukuze ukhokhe imali yenhlawulo ngakho-ke ngeke kukumangaze ukuthi ufika isikhathi sentela.

Asisekho Isijeziso "Sowesifazane".

Okufanele ukwazi: Esikhathini esedlule, amaphrimiyamu omshwalense wezempilo wabesifazane abebiza kakhulu kunamadoda, kepha ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwezempilo, manje noma yiluphi uhlelo oluthengwe emakethe evulekile (funda: ngokushintshana kombuso noma uhulumeni wesifundazwe) kuyadingeka ukukhokhisa imali isilinganiso esifanayo kubo bobabili ubulili.

Okufanele ngikwenze: Buza umshwalense wakho wamanje ukubona ukuthi bakukhokhisa imali ethe xaxa ngenxa yezinkokhelo zakho zentokazi. Bheka inqubomgomo yakho ukuze ubone ukuthi ingabe ukhokha imali eyengeziwe ezinsizeni ezifana nokunakekelwa kwabakhulelwe kanye nokuvakasha kwe-OBGYN kunalokho uhulumeni akunikezayo. Uma kunjalo, kungase kusize ukushintshela kwenye yezinhlelo ezintsha ezivuliwe.

Ukubeletha Okugunyaziwe Nokunakekelwa Kwezinsana

Okufanele ukwazi: Ukunakekelwa kwabakhulelwe eMelika sekuyisikhathi eside kuguquka futhi kuyakhathaza uma kukhulunywa ngokutholakala komshuwalense, okwenza abesifazane abaningi bajabule ukubona imigqa emibili esivivinyweni sokukhulelwa baphenduke ngokushesha bathuke ngokuthi uzokhokha kanjani ukunakekela ingane. Abesifazane sebengakwazi ukukhathazeka kancane manje njengoba zonke izinhlelo zemakethe evulekile kumele zifake "izinzuzo eziyishumi zezempilo ezibalulekile" zawo wonke umuntu, kufaka phakathi ukubeletha nokunakekelwa kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa, kanye nokwanda kwezingane.

Okufanele ngikwenze: Uma uhlela ukuba nengane maduze, qhathanisa inani lenqubomgomo yakho yamanje kanye nezinzuzo kulezo ezizonikezwa yisifunda sakho. Izinhlelo zemakethe evulekile zinikeza izigaba ezihlukene zokukhava, kanti nakuba ezinye izinto (ezifana nokulawulwa kokuzalwa) zigunyazwe ukuthi zikhavwe ngamaphesenti angu-100, akuzona zonke izinto (njengokuvakasha kwamahhovisi). Khetha uhlelo oluzofaka izinto ozisebenzisa kakhulu. Ngisho noma ungahleleli umntwana kodwa useminyakeni yakho ephakeme yokuzala, kungase kushibhe ukuthenga uhlelo lwemakethe evulekile.

Ukulawulwa Kokuzalwa kwamahhala

Okufanele ukwazi: UMongameli Obama wayala ngonyaka odlule ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zokuvimbela inzalo ezigunyazwe yi-Food and Drug Administration-okuhlanganisa amaphilisi, ama-patches, ama-IUD, ngisho namasu athile okuvala inzalo-kufanele zikhavelwe yiwo wonke amasu omshwalense ngaphandle kwenkokhiso kulabo abafakwe umshwalense. Futhi ngenxa yezibuyekezo zakamuva kakhulu emthethweni, uma usebenzela umqashi wenkolo noma ufunda esikoleni sezenkolo esenqabela ukuvimbela inzalo, usengathola isilawuli sakho sokuzalwa mahhala kuhulumeni wezwe.

Okufanele ngikwenze: Manje usungakhetha uhlobo lokuvimbela inzalo olusebenza kangcono emzimbeni wakho ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokwephula ibhange. Isibonelo, ama-IUD (imishini ye-intra-uterine efana ne-Mirena noma i-Paraguard) abhekwa njengendlela ephumelela kakhulu yokulawula ukuzalwa okubuyiselekayo, kodwa abesifazane abaningi baxoshwa yizindleko eziphezulu zokuwafaka. Ngenkathi lokhu kuhlinzekwa kuqale ukusebenza ngo-Agasti 1, 2012, kwaze kwaba ngu-2014, kusebenza kuphela kwabesifazane abanomshwalense wangasese izinhlelo zabo eziqale ngemuva kwalolu suku. Uma uhlelo lwakho lwenkampani luqale ngaphambi kokunqunywa, kungadingeka ukuthi ulinde kuze kube unyaka ngaphambi kokuthola izinzuzo. Wonke umuntu wesifazane kufanele aqale ukuthola ukulawulwa kokuzalwa ngaphandle kwe-copay ngo-January 1, 2014.

Ukunakekelwa Kwezempilo Okuvimbelayo Ngokukhethekile Kwabesifazane

Okufanele ukwazi: Njengamanje abomshuwalense bayehluka enanini lokunakekelwa kokuvimbela (okungukuthi, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okunikezwa ukunqanda ukugula kunokuba kuselulelwe eyodwa) okuhlanganisiwe nokuthi kungakanani okumboziwe-ukungcola ngoba ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bayavuma ukuthi ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokuqapha kungaba okubaluleke kakhulu into esingayenzela impilo. Izinguquko ezintsha zokunakekelwa kwezempilo zigunyaza ukuthi kutholwe izindlela eziyisishiyagalombili zokuvikela ngaphandle kwezindleko kubo bonke abesifazane:

• Ukuvakasha kowesifazane onempilo (kuqala ngokuvakasha kwaminyaka yonke kudokotela wakho ojwayelekile noma u-OB-GYN kanye nokuvakasha okwengeziwe kokulandelela uma udokotela wakho ekubona kudingekile)
• Ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV DNA
• Ukwelulekwa ngezifo ezithathelana ngokocansi
• Ukuhlolelwa i-HIV nokwelulekwa
• Ukwelulekwa ngezindlela zokukhulelwa kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela inzalo
• Ukusekelwa kokuncelisa ibele, ukunikezwa nokwelulekwa
• Ukuhlolwa nokwelulekwa ngodlame phakathi kwabantu kanye nodlame lwasekhaya

Izinto ezinjengama-mammograms, ukuhlolwa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, nokunye ukuhlolwa kwezifo okungekho ohlwini kuzohlanganiswa ngaphansi kwezinhlelo eziningi kepha hhayi zonke izinhlelo. Ukuhlolwa kanye nokwelashwa kwezempilo yezengqondo nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa akucacisiwe kwabesifazane kepha futhi bakhululekile ngaphansi kwemibandela emisha.

Okufanele ngikwenze: Sebenzisa leli thuba futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uhlala phezulu ekuhlolweni kwakho kwaminyaka yonke nakwezinye izivakashi. Njengokulawulwa kokuzalwa kwamahhala, lesi sinyathelo saqala ngokusemthethweni ngomhla ka-1 Agasti 2012, kodwa ngaphandle uma unenqubomgomo yomshwalense yangasese eyaqala ngemva kwalolo suku, ngeke ubone izinzuzo kuze kube yilapho usunohlelo unyaka noma uqala. Januwari 1, 2014.

Uma Ungakhokha, Uyambozwa

Okufanele ukwazi: Izimo ezikhona ngaphambili ezifana nenkinga yokuzalwa noma ukugula okungamahlalakhona sekuyisikhathi eside kuvimbe abesifazane abaningi ekubeni banikezwe umshwalense ofanele. Ngenxa yento owawungenamandla okuyilawula (kodwa okwakwenza wabiza kakhulu ukuyimboza), uvinjelwe ukuthi ungabambi iqhaza ezinhlelweni zomqashi noma waphoqeleka ukuthenga uhlelo oluyinhlekelele olubiza kakhulu. Futhi izulu liyakusiza uma ulahlekelwe yimishwalense yakho ngasizathu simbe. Manje lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu, njengoba izinguquko ezintsha ziyalela ukuthi noma ngubani ongakhokhela inqubomgomo emakethe evulekile uyifanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho ayisekho imingcele yokuphila kwakho konke kumshwalense, ngakho awukwazi "ukuphelelwa yisikhathi" uma ugcina usudinga ukunakekelwa okukhulu, futhi akudingeki ukhathazeke ngokuxoshwa komshwalense wakho uma udinga ukunakekelwa okumba eqolo (aka recisions) .

Okufanele ngikwenze: Uma njengamanje unesimo esenza ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kubize kakhulu noma kungavumi kuwe, hlola ukuze ubone ukuthi ufanelekile yini ezinhlelweni zosizo lukahulumeni ngoba kuvulwa imali eningi kakhulu ukumboza lolu hlobo lwesimo. Bese ubona ukuthi yini etholakalayo kuwe kuleveli yesifunda.

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