Isilinganiso Sokulashwa Kwe-Hepatitis C: Yazi Amaqiniso

-Delile

• Okufanele ukwazi nge-hepatitis C
• Ukwelashwa kanye namazinga okwelashwa kwe-hepatitis C
• Umbono ngemuva kokwelashwa

Ukubuka konke

I-Hepatitis C (HCV) ukutheleleka ngegciwane kwesibindi okungadala izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo. Kungaze kubulale uma kungaphathwa kahle futhi ngaphambi kokulimala kwesibindi kuba kukhulu kakhulu. Ngenhlanhla, amazinga okwelashwa kwe-HCV ayathuthuka. Izidakamizwa ezisanda kuvunywa nokwazisa umphakathi kabanzi ngalesi sifo kube nomthelela kulo mkhuba. Eminye imishanguzo igabe ngezinga lokulapha elingaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-90.

Lokhu kuphawula intuthuko ebalulekile futhi ekhuthazayo ngoba amazinga okufa ngenxa ye-HCV ayekhuphuka. Izinga lokwelashwa liyathuthuka, kepha isimo kusamele sithathwe ngokungathi sína. Funa ukwelashwa ngokushesha lapho wazi ukuthi kungenzeka kube nokutheleleka.

Okufanele ukwazi nge-hepatitis C

Igciwane livame ukudluliswa ngokusebenzisa izinaliti ezabiwe ukujova izidakamizwa. Lesi sifo yisifo esithwalwa ngegazi, ngakho-ke ukuxhumana okungajwayelekile nomuntu onegciwane akunakwenzeka ukuthi lidlulise leli gciwane. Ezimweni ezingavamile, igciwane lingadluliselwa esimweni somtholampilo ngenaliti yezokwelapha enegciwane.

Ngaphambi kokuba ukuhlolwa kwegazi elinikelwayo kube yinto evamile ngo-1992, imikhiqizo yegazi engcolile yiyona ebhebhethekisa igciwane.

Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ekwelapheni i-HCV ukuthi ingaba ohlelweni lwakho iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba ubone noma yiziphi izimpawu. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukulimala kwesibindi okuthile sekuvele kwenzekile. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• umchamo omnyama
• i-jaundice, ukuphuzi kwesikhumba kanye nabamhlophe bamehlo
• ubuhlungu besisu
• ukukhathala
• isicanucanu

Uma usengozini yokuba nenkontileka ye-HCV, kufanele uhlolwe ngaphambi kokuba kuvele noma yiziphi izimpawu. Noma ngubani ozalwe phakathi kuka-1945 no-1965 kufanele ahlolwe kanye. Kuyafana nanoma ngubani okwamanje ojova izidakamizwa noma ojova izidakamizwa okungenani kanye, noma ngabe bekuyiminyaka eminingi edlule. Ezinye izindlela zokuhlola zihlanganisa labo abane-HIV nabathola ukumpontshelwa igazi noma ukufakelwa isitho ngaphambi kukaJulayi 1992.

Ukwelashwa kanye namazinga okwelashwa kwe-hepatitis C

Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, enye yezindlela zokwelashwa eziphumelelayo kuphela kwakuyi-interferon yezidakamizwa. Lo muthi wawudinga imijovo eminingi esikhathini esiyizinyanga eziyisithupha kuya onyakeni. Umuthi ubuye wakhiqiza nezimpawu ezingathandeki. Abantu abaningi abathathe lo muthi bazizwa sengathi banomkhuhlane ngemuva kokwelashwa kwabo. Ukwelashwa kwe-Interferon kwakusebenza kuphela, futhi kwakungeke kunikezwe abantu abane-HCV esezingeni eliphakeme ngoba kungalimaza impilo yabo.

Isidakamizwa somlomo esibizwa nge-ribavirin naso besitholakala ngalesi sikhathi. Lesi sidakamizwa kwakudingeka sithathwe ngemijovo ye-interferon.

Izindlela zokwelashwa zesimanje zifaka imithi yomlomo efushanisa isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze sisebenze. Omunye wabokuqala ukuvela kwakungu-sofosbuvir (Sovaldi). Ngokungafani nezinye izindlela zokwelashwa zakuqala, lo muthi awudingi imijovo ye-interferon ukuze isebenze.

Ngo-2014, i-U.S.Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yavuma umuthi oyinhlanganisela owenziwe nge-ledipasvir ne-sofosbuvir (Harvoni). Kungumuthi owenziwa kanye-nsuku zonke esigabeni semithi esibizwa ngama-antivirals asebenza ngqo. Le mithi isebenza kuma-enzyme asiza ukuthi igciwane liphindaphindeke.

Ukwelashwa okuvunyelwe ngemuva kweHarvoni kwakwenzelwe ukukhomba abantu abane-genotypes ehlukile. I-genotype ingabhekisa kusethi yezakhi zofuzo noma ngisho nohlobo olulodwa.

Abaphenyi bathole ukuthi imishanguzo ehlukene isebenza kangcono ngokususelwa kuhlobo lohlobo lwesiguli.

Phakathi kwemithi evunyelwe kusuka ngo-2014 kuqhubeke kukhona i-simeprevir (i-Olysio), ezosetshenziswa ngokuhlangana ne-sofosbuvir, ne-daclatasvir (Daklinza). Esinye isidakamizwa esihlanganisiwe, esakhiwa i-ombitasvir, i-paritaprevir, ne-ritonavir (Technivie) sasisebenza kakhulu nasekulingweni komtholampilo. Iphesenti elilodwa labantu abathatha i-Technivie babhekene namazinga aphakeme we-enzyme yesibindi. Lo msebenzi wesibindi ongajwayelekile ubonwe ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abaphuza amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha. Eminye imishanguzo iyatholakala ngokususelwa kuhlobo lwe-genotype nomlando wokwelashwa wangaphambilini.

Imijovo ye-Interferon yayinezinga lokulapha elicishe libe ngamaphesenti angama-40 kuye kwangama-50. Ukwelashwa kwamaphilisi amasha kunamazinga okwelapha cishe amaphesenti ayi-100. Ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa, ngokwesibonelo, uHarvoni, uthole isilinganiso sokwelashwa esingaba amaphesenti angama-94 ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-12. Eminye imishanguzo kanye nemithi yokuhlanganiswa yayinamazinga aphakeme ngokwelashwa afanayo ngaso leso sikhathi.

Umbono ngemuva kokwelashwa

Ubhekwa njengophilisiwe uma izivivinyo zikhombisa ukuthi umzimba wakho ucacile ngokutheleleka. Ukuba ne-HCV akulimazi impilo yakho yesikhathi esizayo nempilo yakho. Ungaqhubeka uphile impilo ejwayelekile, enempilo ngemuva kokwelashwa.

Uma ngabe igciwane belisendaweni yakho iminyaka eminingi, kungenzeka ukuthi kwenzeke umonakalo omkhulu esibindini sakho. Ungaba nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-cirrhosis, okuyisibazi sesibindi. Uma isibazi sinzima, isibindi sakho kungenzeka singakwazi ukusebenza kahle. Isibindi sihlunga igazi futhi sigaye imithi. Uma le misebenzi ivinjelwa, ungahlangabezana nezinselelo ezinkulu zezempilo, kufaka phakathi ukwehluleka kwesibindi.

Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlolelwa i-HCV. Thola ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu uma uthola ukuthi unegciwane.

Kufanele wazi futhi ukuthi yize kungavamile, kungenzeka ukuthi uphinde utheleleke ngaleli gciwane. Lokhu kungenzeka uma usajova izidakamizwa futhi uzibandakanya kokunye ukuziphatha okuyingozi. Uma ufuna ukuvimbela ukuphinde kutheleleke, gwema ukwabelana ngezinaliti futhi usebenzise ikhondomu nomlingani wakho omusha noma umuntu okungenzeka wajova izidakamizwa esikhathini esedlule.

I-Hepatitis C iyelapheka kakhulu manje kunaseminyakeni embalwa edlule. Noma kunjalo, kufanele uthathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukugcina noma ukufeza impilo enhle.