Kusho Ukuthini Ukuba yiHeterozygous?

-Delile

• Incazelo ye-Heterozygous
• Umehluko phakathi kwe-heterozygous ne-homozygous
• Isibonelo se-Heterozygous
• Qedela ukubusa
• Ukubusa okungaphelele
• I-Codominance
• Izakhi zofuzo ze-Heterozygous nezifo
• Isifo sikaHuntington
• I-Marfan's syndrome
• I-hypercholesterolemia ejwayelekile
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Incazelo ye-Heterozygous

Izakhi zakho zofuzo zenziwe nge-DNA. Le DNA inikeza imiyalelo, enquma izici ezifana nombala wezinwele zakho nohlobo lwegazi.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zofuzo. Inguqulo ngayinye ibizwa ngokuthi i-allele. Kuzo zonke izakhi zofuzo, uzuza njengezinhlayiya ezimbili: eyodwa evela kubaba wakho okuzalayo kanti eyodwa evela kumama wakho okuzalayo. Ngokubambisana, la ma-alleles abizwa ngokuthi yi-genotype.

Uma izinhlobo ezimbili zihlukile, une-heterozygous genotype yalolo hlobo. Isibonelo, ukuba yi-heterozygous ngombala wezinwele kungasho ukuthi une-allele eyodwa yezinwele ezibomvu kanye ne-allele eyodwa yezinwele ezinsundu.

Ubudlelwano phakathi kwama-alleles amabili buthinta ukuthi yiziphi izici ezivezwayo. Iphinde inqume ukuthi yiziphi izici ozithwalayo.

Ake sihlole ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuba yi-heterozygous kanye nendima eyidlalayo ekwakhiweni kofuzo lwakho.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-heterozygous ne-homozygous

I-homozygous genotype iphikisana ne-heterozygous genotype.

Uma u-homozygous ngofuzo oluthile, uzuze njenge-alleles ezimbili ezifanayo. Kusho ukuthi abazali bakho bokuzalwa banikele ngokuhluka okufanayo.

Kulesi simo, ungaba nama-alleles amabili ajwayelekile noma ama-alleles amabili aguqukile. Ama-alleles aguqukile angadala isifo futhi kuzoxoxwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuthinta nokuthi yiziphi izici ezivelayo.

Isibonelo se-Heterozygous

Ku-genotype ye-heterozygous, ama-alleles amabili ahlukene ahlangana nomunye nomunye. Lokhu kunquma ukuthi izici zabo zivezwa kanjani.

Imvamisa, lokhu kusebenzisana kususelwa ekubuseni. I-allele evezwe ngokuqinile ibizwa ngokuthi "ihloniphekile," kanti enye ibizwa nge- "recessive." Lokhu kwehla okufihliwe kufihliwe okuvelele.

Ngokuya ngokuthi izakhi zofuzo ezivelele nezicindezelayo zisebenzisana kanjani, uhlobo oluthile lwe-heterozygous genotype lungabandakanya:

Qedela ukubusa

Ekubusweni okuphelele, i-allele evelele imboza ngokuphelele le recessive. I-allele eguquguqukayo ayivezwa nhlobo.

Isibonelo esisodwa umbala wamehlo, olawulwa izakhi zofuzo eziningana. Ukuphela kwamehlo ansundu kuphezulu kulowo wamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Uma unenye yazo, uzoba namehlo ansundu.

Kodwa-ke, usenayo i-allele eyeqile yamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Uma uzala kabusha nomuntu onama-allele afanayo, kungenzeka ukuthi ingane yakho izoba namehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Ukubusa okungaphelele

Ukubusa okungaphelele kwenzeka lapho i-allele evelele ingadluli eyeqile. Esikhundleni salokho, bahlangana ndawonye, ​​okudala isici sesithathu.

Lolu hlobo lokubusa luvame ukubonakala ekuthungeni izinwele. Uma une-allele eyodwa yezinwele ezisontekile nenye yezinwele eziqondile, uzoba nezinwele ezi-wavy. I-waviness iyinhlanganisela yezinwele ezisontekile neziqondile.

I-Codominance

I-Codominance yenzeka lapho ama-alleles amabili emelelwa ngasikhathi sinye. Azihlangani ndawonye, ​​noma kunjalo. Zombili lezi zici zivezwa ngokulinganayo.

Isibonelo se-codominance uhlobo lwegazi le-AB. Kulokhu, une-allele eyodwa yohlobo A lwegazi neyodwa yohlobo B. Esikhundleni sokuxubana nokwakha uhlobo lwesithathu, womabili ama-alleles enza Kokubili izinhlobo zegazi. Lokhu kubangela uhlobo lwegazi le-AB.

Izakhi zofuzo ze-Heterozygous nezifo

I-allele eshintshiwe ingadala izimo zofuzo. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi ukuguquka kuguqula indlela iDNA evezwa ngayo.

Ngokuya ngesimo, i-allele eshintshiwe ingahle ibe namandla noma ibe ngokweqile. Uma iphezulu, kusho ukuthi kudingeka ikhophi eyodwa kuphela eshintshiwe ukuholela ezifweni. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "yisifo esivelele" noma "isifo esivelele."

Uma uyi-heterozygous yesifo esivelele, usengozini enkulu yokuyithuthukisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma uyi-heterozygous yokuguqula ngokweqile, ngeke ukuthole. I-allele ejwayelekile iyathatha isikhundla futhi umane ungumthwali. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izingane zakho zingayithola.

Izibonelo zezifo ezinkulu zibandakanya:

Isifo sikaHuntington

Uhlobo lwe-HTT lukhiqiza i-Huntingtin, iphrotheni ehlobene namaseli ezinzwa ebuchosheni. Ukuguquka kwalesi sifo kubangela isifo sikaHuntington, isifo se-neurodegenerative.

Njengoba isakhi sofuzo esiguqukile sibusa, umuntu onekhophi eyodwa kuphela uzoba nesifo sikaHuntington. Lesi simo sobuchopho esiqhubekayo, esivame ukubonakala ebudaleni, singadala:

• ukunyakaza okungazibandakanyi
• izingqinamba ezingokomzwelo
• ukungazi kahle
• unenkinga yokuhamba, ukukhuluma, noma ukugwinya

I-Marfan's syndrome

IMarfan's syndrome ibandakanya izicubu ezixhuma, ezinikeza amandla nefomu ezakhiweni zomzimba. Isifo sofuzo singadala izimpawu ezinjengalezi:

• umgogodla ogobile ngokungajwayelekile, noma i-scoliosis
• ukukhula kwamathambo engalo nemilenze ethile
• ukubona eduze
• izinkinga nge-aorta, okuwumthambo oletha igazi elisuka enhliziyweni yakho kuwo wonke umzimba wakho

I-Marfan's syndrome ihlotshaniswa nokuguqulwa kwesimo se- FBN1 isakhi sofuzo. Futhi, kudingeka ukwahluka okukodwa okuguquliwe ukudala isimo.

I-hypercholesterolemia ejwayelekile

I-hypercholesterolemia ejwayelekile (i-FH) ivela kuma-genotype we-heterozygous nekhophi eliguqukile le I-APOB, I-LDLR, noma I-PCSK9 isakhi sofuzo. Kuvamile impela, kuthinta abantu.

I-FH ibangela amazinga aphezulu ngokweqile e-LDL cholesterol, okwandisa ubungozi besifo semithambo yenhliziyo besebancane.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Uma uyi-heterozygous yofuzo oluthile, kusho ukuthi unezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukile zalelo geni. Ifomu elibusayo lingakufihla ngokuphelele okweqile, noma lingahlangana ndawonye. Kwezinye izimo, zombili izinhlobo ziyavela ngasikhathi sinye.

Izakhi zofuzo ezimbili ezihlukene zingasebenzisana ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Ubudlelwano babo yibo obulawula izici zakho zomzimba, uhlobo lwegazi, nazo zonke izici ezikwenza ube yilokho oyikho.