Umhlahlandlela Ophelele we-HIV ne-AIDS

-Delile

• Yini i-HIV?
• Yini i-AIDS?
• I-HIV ne-AIDS: Yini ukuxhumana?
• Ukudluliswa kwe-HIV: Wazi amaqiniso
• Izimbangela ze-HIV
• Izimbangela zengculaza
• Yikuphi ukuhlolwa okusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-HIV?
• Ukuhlolwa kwama-antibody / antigen
• Ukuhlolwa kwama-antibody
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Nucleic acid (NAT)
• Siyini isikhathi sewindi le-HIV?
• Izimpawu zokuqala ze-HIV
• Ziyini izimpawu ze-HIV?
• Ingabe ukuqubuka kuwuphawu lwe-HIV?
• I-Rash ihlobene ne-HIV
• I-Rash ihlobene nemithi
• Izimpawu ze-HIV emadodeni: Ingabe kukhona umehluko?
• Izimpawu ze-HIV kwabesifazane: Ingabe ukhona umehluko?
• Ziyini izimpawu zengculaza?
• Izinketho zokwelashwa kwe-HIV
• Imithi ye-HIV
• Izinhlobo zokwelashwa
• Imiphumela emibi kanye nezindleko
• Ukuvimbela i-HIV
• Ucansi oluphephile
• Ezinye izindlela zokuvimbela
• Ukuphila ne-HIV: Yini ongayilindela namathiphu okubhekana nakho
• Isikhathi sokuphila se-HIV: Yazi amaqiniso
• Ingabe ukhona umuthi wokugomela i-HIV?
• Izibalo ze-HIV

Sifaka imikhiqizo esicabanga ukuthi ilusizo kubafundi bethu. Uma uthenga ngezixhumanisi ezikuleli khasi, singathola ikhomishini encane. Nansi inqubo yethu.

Yini i-HIV?

I-HIV yigciwane elimaza amasosha omzimba. I-HIV engalashwa ithinta futhi ibulale amaseli e-CD4, okuluhlobo lweseli lomzimba elibizwa nge-T cell.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba i-HIV ibulala amaseli amaningi e-CD4, umzimba kungenzeka ukuthi uthole izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimo nomdlavuza.

I-HIV idluliswa ngamanzi omzimba afaka phakathi:

• igazi
• isidoda
• uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane nolwe-rectal
• ubisi lwebele

Igciwane alidluliswanga emoyeni noma emanzini, noma ngokuxhumana okungajwayelekile.

Ngoba i-HIV izifaka ku-DNA yamaseli, iyisimo sempilo yonke futhi okwamanje asikho isidakamizwa esisusa i-HIV emzimbeni, yize ososayensi abaningi besebenza ukuyithola.

Kodwa-ke, ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi ukwelashwa okubizwa ngokuthi yi-antiretroviral therapy, kungenzeka ukuphatha i-HIV futhi uphile negciwane iminyaka eminingi.

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, umuntu one-HIV kungenzeka avele abe nesimo esibi esibizwa nge-Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, esaziwa nge-AIDS.

Ngaleso sikhathi, amasosha omzimba abuthaka kakhulu ukuba angaphendula ngempumelelo kwezinye izifo, izifo kanye nezimo.

Kungalashwa, isikhathi sokuphila sengculazi sesizophela. Nge-antiretroviral therapy, i-HIV ingalawulwa kahle, futhi isikhathi sokuphila singacishe sifane nomuntu ongazange athole i-HIV.

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu baseMelika abayizigidi eziyi-1.2 njengamanje baphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza. Kulabo bantu, oyedwa kwabayisikhombisa akazi ukuthi banegciwane.

I-HIV ingadala ushintsho kuwo wonke umzimba.

Funda ngemiphumela ye-HIV ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene emzimbeni.

Yini i-AIDS?

I-AIDS yisifo esingaqhamuka kubantu abane-HIV. Yisigaba esithuthuke kakhulu se-HIV. Kodwa ukuthi umuntu une-HIV akusho ukuthi i-AIDS izokhula.

I-HIV ibulala amaseli e-CD4. Abantu abadala abaphilile ngokuvamile banesibalo se-CD4 esingu-500 kuye ku-1,600 nge-cubic millimeter ngayinye. Umuntu one-HIV isibalo sakhe se-CD4 esiwela ngaphansi kuka-200 nge-cubic millimeter ngayinye uzotholakala ene-AIDS.

Umuntu angatholakala futhi ukuthi une-AIDS uma ene-HIV bese eba nokutheleleka okungosomathuba noma umdlavuza okungajwayelekile kubantu abangenayo i-HIV.

Ukutheleleka kosomathuba njenge I-Pneumocystis jiroveci inyumoniya yenzeka kuphela kumuntu ongakwazi ukuzivikela, njengomuntu onegciwane lesandulela ngculaza (i-AIDS).

Uma ingalashwa, i-HIV ingadlulela ku-AIDS kungakapheli iminyaka eyishumi. Okwamanje alikho ikhambi lengculaza, futhi ngaphandle kokwelashwa, isikhathi sokuphila ngemuva kokuxilongwa simayelana.

Lokhu kungaba mfushane uma umuntu eba nokugula okunethuba elibi. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane kungavimbela ingculaza ukuthi ingakhuli.

Uma ingculaza ikhula, kusho ukuthi amasosha omzimba asekhubazeke kanzima, okusho ukuthi, enza buthakathaka aze afike ezingeni lapho engasakwazi ukuphendula ngempumelelo ekulweni nezifo eziningi kanye nezifo.

Lokho kwenza ukuthi umuntu ophila nengculazi abe sengozini yezifo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi:

• inyumoniya
• isifo sofuba
• i-thrush yomlomo, isimo sefungus emlonyeni noma emphinjeni
• i-cytomegalovirus (CMV), uhlobo lwegciwane le-herpes
• i-cryptococcal meningitis, isimo sefungal ebuchosheni
• i-toxoplasmosis, isimo sobuchopho esibangelwa i-parasite
• i-cryptosporidiosis, isimo esibangelwa amagciwane emathunjini
• umdlavuza, kufaka phakathi iKaposi sarcoma (KS) ne-lymphoma

Isikhathi esifushane sokuphila esixhunyaniswe nengculazi engalashwa asiwona umphumela oqondile wesifo uqobo. Kunalokho, kungumphumela wezifo nezinkinga eziqubuka ngokuba nesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba esenziwe buthaka yi-AIDS.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinkinga ezingavela kwi-HIV ne-AIDS.

I-HIV ne-AIDS: Yini ukuxhumana?

Ukuthuthukisa ingculazi, umuntu kufanele athole i-HIV. Kodwa ukuba ne-HIV akusho ukuthi umuntu uzoba nengculazi.

Amacala we-HIV aqhubeka ngezigaba ezintathu:

• isigaba 1: isigaba esibucayi, amasonto ambalwa okuqala ngemuva kokudluliswa
• isigaba 2: ukubambezeleka komtholampilo, noma isigaba esingalapheki
• isigaba 3: Ingculaza

Njengoba i-HIV yehlisa isibalo samaseli e-CD4, amasosha omzimba aba buthakathaka. Isibalo se-CD4 sabantu abadala esijwayelekile singama-500 kuya ku-1,500 nge-millimeter ngayinye. Umuntu onesibalo esingaphansi kuka-200 uthathwa njengonengculazi.

Ukuthi icala le-HIV liqhubekela phambili ngokushesha kangakanani esigabeni esingelapheki lihluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, kungadlulela eminyakeni eyishumi ngaphambi kokudlulela ku-AIDS. Ngokwelashwa, ingahlala unomphela.

Okwamanje alikho ikhambi le-HIV, kodwa lingalawulwa. Abantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza bavame ukuba nempilo ejwayelekile futhi belashwa kusenesikhathi ngemishanguzo yokuthithibalisa leli gciwane.

Ngokuhambisana naleyo migqa efanayo, ngokuqinisekile alikho ikhambi lengculaza njengamanje. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kungakhuphula isibalo se-CD4 yomuntu kuze kufike ezingeni lapho kubhekwa ukuthi abasenayo ingculazi. (Leli phuzu libalelwa ku-200 noma ngaphezulu.)

Futhi, ukwelashwa kungasiza ukuphatha izifo ezingosomathuba.

I-HIV ne-AIDS zihlobene, kodwa azifani.

Funda kabanzi ngomehluko phakathi kwe-HIV ne-AIDS.

Ukudluliswa kwe-HIV: Wazi amaqiniso

Noma ngubani angathola i-HIV. Leli gciwane lidluliselwa emanzini omzimba afaka phakathi:

• igazi
• isidoda
• uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane nolwe-rectal
• ubisi lwebele

Ezinye zezindlela i-HIV edluliselwa isuka kumuntu iye komunye zifaka:

• ngocansi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane noma sangasese - indlela ejwayelekile yokudlulisela
• ngokwabelana ngezinaliti, imijovo, nezinye izinto zokusebenzisa umjovo wezidakamizwa
• ngokwabelana ngemishini ye-tattoo ngaphandle kokuyifaka inzalo phakathi kokusebenzisa
• ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukubeletha, noma ukubeletha kusuka kumuntu okhulelwe kuya enganeni yakhe
• ngesikhathi sokuncelisa
• ngokusebenzisa “ngaphambi kwesikhathi,” noma ukuhlafuna ukudla kwengane ngaphambi kokuyondla
• ngokuchayeka egazini, isidoda, uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane kanye nengxenyeni, kanye nobisi lwebele lomuntu ophila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza, njengangenaliti

Igciwane lingadluliselwa futhi ngokufakwa igazi noma ngokufakelwa kwezitho zomzimba nezicubu. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa okunamandla kwe-HIV phakathi kwabanikeli begazi, izitho, kanye nezicubu kuqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu akuvamile kakhulu e-United States.

Ngokwemfundiso kungenzeka, kepha kubhekwa njengokungajwayelekile, ukuthi i-HIV idluliswe nge:

• ucansi lomlomo (kuphela uma kunezinsini ezophayo noma izilonda ezivulekile emlonyeni womuntu)
• ukulunywa ngumuntu one-HIV (kuphela uma amathe enegazi noma kunezilonda ezivulekile emlonyeni womuntu)
• ukuxhumana phakathi kwesikhumba esiphukile, amanxeba, noma ulwelwesi lwamafinyila kanye negazi lomuntu ophila ne-HIV

I-HIV ayidluliseli nge:

• ukuxhumana kwesikhumba nesikhumba
• ukwangana, ukuxhawulana, noma ukuqabulana
• umoya noma amanzi
• ukwabelana ngokudla noma iziphuzo, kufaka phakathi imithombo yokuphuza
• amathe, izinyembezi, noma umjuluko (ngaphandle uma kuxutshwe negazi lomuntu one-HIV)
• ukuhlanganyela endlini yangasese, amathawula, noma ukulala
• omiyane noma ezinye izinambuzane

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uma umuntu ophila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza elashwa futhi enomthamo wegciwane ongatholakali ophikelelayo, cishe akunakwenzeka ukudlulisela leli gciwane komunye umuntu.

Funda kabanzi ngokudluliswa kwe-HIV.

Izimbangela ze-HIV

I-HIV iyinhlobonhlobo yegciwane elingadluliselwa kuzimfene zase-Afrika. Ososayensi basola ukuthi igciwane lesimian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) leqa lisuka kwizimfene laya kubantu lapho abantu bedla inyama yemfene enaleli gciwane.

Lapho selingaphakathi kwabantu, igciwane lashintsha langena kulokho esikwazi manje njenge-HIV. Lokhu kungenzeka kwenzeka kudala njengama-1920s.

Igciwane lesandulela ngculaza lasakazeka lisuka kumuntu liye kulo lonke elase-Afrika ngokuhamba kweminyaka engamashumi ambalwa. Ekugcineni, leli gciwane lafudukela kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Ososayensi baqala ukuthola i-HIV kusampula yegazi lomuntu ngo-1959.

Kucatshangwa ukuthi i-HIV ibikhona e-United States kusukela ngawo-1970, kodwa ayizange iqale ukushaya ukwazi komphakathi kwaze kwaba ngawo-1980.

Funda kabanzi ngomlando we-HIV ne-AIDS e-United States.

Izimbangela zengculaza

Ingculaza idalwa yi-HIV. Umuntu akakwazi ukuthola ingculazi uma engayitholanga i-HIV.

Abantu abaphilile banesibalo se-CD4 esingama-500 kuye ku-1,500 nge-cubic millimeter ngayinye. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, i-HIV iyaqhubeka nokuphindaphindeka nokucekela phansi amaseli e-CD4. Uma isibalo se-CD4 yomuntu siwela ngaphansi kuka-200, unengculaza.

Futhi, uma umuntu one-HIV eba nokutheleleka okungosomathuba okuhambisana ne-HIV, usengatholakala ukuthi une-AIDS, noma ngabe isibalo sakhe se-CD4 singaphezulu kwama-200.

Yikuphi ukuhlolwa okusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-HIV?

Kungasetshenziswa izivivinyo eziningi ezahlukahlukene ukuxilonga i-HIV. Abahlinzeki bezempilo banquma ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlolwa okungcono kakhulu kumuntu ngamunye.

Ukuhlolwa kwama-antibody / antigen

Ukuhlolwa kwama-antibody / antigen yizivivinyo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Bangakhombisa imiphumela emihle uqobo ngemuva kokuthi umuntu eqale ukuthola i-HIV.

Lezi zivivinyo zihlola igazi ukuthola amasosha omzimba kanye nama-antigen. I-antibody uhlobo lweprotheyini elenziwa ngumzimba ukuphendula ekutheleleni. I-antigen, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyingxenye yegciwane elenza amasosha omzimba asebenze.

Ukuhlolwa kwama-antibody

Lezi zivivinyo zihlola igazi kuphela ukuthola amasosha omzimba. Phakathi kokudluliswa, abantu abaningi bazokwakha amasosha omzimba abonakalayo e-HIV, atholakala egazini noma ematheni.

Lezi zivivinyo zenziwa kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma umlomo, futhi akukho ukulungiselela okudingekayo. Ezinye izivivinyo zinikeza imiphumela ngemizuzu engama-30 noma ngaphansi futhi zingenziwa ehhovisi lomhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo noma emtholampilo.

Okunye ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody kungenziwa ekhaya:

• Ukuhlolelwa i-OraQuick HIV. I-swab yomlomo inikeza imiphumela kumaminithi angama-20.
• Uhlelo Lokuhlola Ikhaya lwe-HIV-1. Ngemuva kokuthi umuntu ehlaba umunwe wakhe, bathumela isampula segazi elabhorethri enelayisense. Bangahlala bengaziwa futhi bacele imiphumela ngosuku olulandelayo lwebhizinisi.

Uma othile esola ukuthi uvezwe yi-HIV kepha wahlolwa ukuthi akanalo uhlolo lwasekhaya, kufanele aphindze ukuhlolwa ezinyangeni ezi-3. Uma benomphumela omuhle, kufanele balandele abahlinzeki babo bezempilo ukuze baqinisekise.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Nucleic acid (NAT)

Lokhu kuhlolwa okubizayo akusetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile. Kungenxa yabantu abanezimpawu zokuqala ze-HIV noma abanobungozi obaziwayo. Lokhu kuhlolwa akubheki amasosha omzimba; ibheka igciwane uqobo.

Kuthatha kusuka ezinsukwini ezinhlanu kuya kwezingu-21 ukuthi i-HIV itholakale egazini. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ukuhambisana noma kuqinisekiswe ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody.

Namuhla, sekulula kunakuqala ukuhlolela i-HIV.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinketho zokuhlolelwa i-HIV ekhaya.

Siyini isikhathi sewindi le-HIV?

Lapho nje umuntu ethola i-HIV, iqala ukuzala emzimbeni wayo. Amasosha omzimba omuntu aphendula kuma-antigen (izingxenye zegciwane) ngokukhiqiza amasosha omzimba (amaseli athatha izinyathelo zokumelana negciwane).

Isikhathi esiphakathi kokuchayeka ku-HIV kanye nalapho sitholakala khona egazini sibizwa ngokuthi inkathi yewindi le-HIV. Iningi labantu liba namasosha omzimba atholwa yi-HIV zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-23 kuya kwezingama-90 ngemuva kokudluliswa.

Uma umuntu ehlolelwa i-HIV ngesikhathi sewindi, kungenzeka ukuthi athole imiphumela engemihle. Kodwa-ke, basengalidlulisela kwabanye leli gciwane ngalesi sikhathi.

Uma othile ecabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uchayekile kwi-HIV kodwa wahlolwa engenayo ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele aphindze ukuhlolwa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ukuqinisekisa (isikhathi sincike ohlolweni olusetshenzisiwe). Futhi ngaleso sikhathi, badinga ukusebenzisa amakhondomu noma ezinye izindlela zokuvimbela ukusabalalisa i-HIV.

Umuntu ohlola ukuthi une-negative ngesikhathi sewindi angahlomula nge-post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Le yimithi ethathiwe ngemuva ukuchayeka ekuvimbeleni ukuthola i-HIV.

I-PEP idinga ukuthathwa ngokushesha okukhulu ngemuva kokuvezwa; kufanele ithathwe kungakapheli amahora angama-72 ngemuva kokuvezwa kepha kufanele ngaphambi kwalokho.

Enye indlela yokuvimbela ukuthola i-HIV i-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Inhlanganisela yemithi ye-HIV ethathwe ngaphambi kokuchayeka ku-HIV, i-PrEP ingehlisa ingozi yokungenwa noma yokudlulisela i-HIV lapho iphuzwa ngokungaguquguquki.

Isikhathi sibalulekile lapho kuhlolelwa i-HIV.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi isikhathi siyithinta kanjani imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-HIV.

Izimpawu zokuqala ze-HIV

Emasontweni ambalwa okuqala ngemuva kokuthi umuntu ethole i-HIV kubizwa ngokuthi yisigaba sokutheleleka esibukhali.

Ngalesi sikhathi, igciwane lizala ngokushesha. Amasosha omzimba omuntu aphendula ngokukhiqiza amasosha omzimba we-HIV, okungamaprotheni athatha izinyathelo zokuphendula ngokutheleleka.

Ngalesi sigaba, abanye abantu abanazo izimpawu ekuqaleni. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi baba nezimpawu ngenyanga yokuqala noma ngaphezulu ngemuva kokuthola igciwane, kepha kaningi abaqapheli ukuthi i-HIV ibanga lezo zimpawu.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izimpawu zesigaba esibucayi zingafana kakhulu nalezo zomkhuhlane noma amanye amagciwane wesizini, njenge:

• zingaba mnene zibe nzima
• bangafika badlule
• zingahlala noma kuphi kusuka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya emavikini ambalwa

Izimpawu zokuqala ze-HIV zingabandakanya:

• imfiva
• Ukugodola
• ama-lymph node avuvukile
• ubuhlungu obujwayelekile nezinhlungu
• ukuqubuka kwesikhumba
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• ikhanda
• isicanucanu
• isisu esibuhlungu

Ngoba lezi zimpawu ziyefana nezifo ezivamile ezinjengomkhuhlane, umuntu onazo kungenzeka angacabangi ukuthi badinga ukubona umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Futhi noma ngabe benza kanjalo, umhlinzeki wabo wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angase asole umkhuhlane noma i-mononucleosis futhi angahle angacabangi nge-HIV.

Noma ngabe umuntu unezimpawu noma cha, ngalesi sikhathi inani legciwane egazini liphezulu kakhulu. Umthamo wegciwane egazini inani le-HIV elitholakala egazini.

Ubuningi begciwane egazini lisho ukuthi i-HIV ingadluliselwa kalula komunye umuntu ngalesi sikhathi.

Izimpawu zokuqala ze-HIV zivame ukuxazululwa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa njengoba umuntu engena esigabeni esingelapheki, noma seklinikhi, se-HIV. Lesi sigaba singahlala iminyaka eminingi noma amashumi eminyaka ngokwelashwa.

Izimpawu ze-HIV ziyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nezimpawu zokuqala ze-HIV.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-HIV?

Ngemuva kwenyanga yokuqala noma ngaphezulu, i-HIV ingena esigabeni sokubambezeleka komtholampilo. Lesi sigaba singahlala sisuka eminyakeni embalwa siye emashumini ambalwa eminyaka.

Abanye abantu abanazo izimpawu ngalesi sikhathi, kanti abanye bangaba nezimpawu ezincane noma ezingacacisi. Uphawu olungacacisi uphawu olungaqondene nesifo noma isimo esisodwa.

Lezi zimpawu ezingacacisiwe zingafaka:

• ukuphathwa yikhanda kanye nezinye izinhlungu nezinhlungu
• ama-lymph node avuvukile
• imikhuhlane ephindaphindayo
• ukujuluka ebusuku
• ukukhathala
• isicanucanu
• ukuhlanza
• isifo sohudo
• ukuncipha komzimba
• ukuqubuka kwesikhumba
• ukutheleleka okuvamile komlomo noma kwesisu sangasese
• inyumoniya
• amasongo

Njengasesigabeni sokuqala, i-HIV isadluliselwa ngalesi sikhathi ngaphandle kwezimpawu futhi ingadluliselwa komunye umuntu.

Kodwa-ke, umuntu ngeke azi ukuthi une-HIV ngaphandle kokuthi ahlolwe. Uma umuntu enalezi zimpawu futhi ecabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uchayekile kwi-HIV, kubalulekile ukuthi ahlolwe.

Izimpawu ze-HIV kulesi sigaba zingafika zidlule, noma zingakhula ngokushesha. Lokhu kuqhubeka kungancishiswa kakhulu ngokwelashwa.

Ngokusetshenziswa okungaguquguquki kwalokhu kwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane, i-HIV engapheli ingahlala amashumi eminyaka futhi kungenzeka ingakhuli ibe yi-AIDS, uma ukwelashwa kwaqalwa kusenesikhathi ngokwanele.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi izimpawu ze-HIV zingathuthuka kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ingabe ukuqubuka kuwuphawu lwe-HIV?

Abantu abaningi abane-HIV bahlangabezana nezinguquko esikhunjeni sabo. I-Rash imvamisa ingesinye sezimpawu zokuqala zokutheleleka nge-HIV. Ngokuvamile, ukuqubuka kwe-HIV kubonakala njengezilonda ezincane eziningi ezibomvu ezisicaba futhi eziphakanyisiwe.

I-Rash ihlobene ne-HIV

Igciwane lesandulela ngculaza lenza umuntu athinteke kalula ezinkingeni zesikhumba ngoba leli gciwane libulala amaseli omzimba athatha izinyathelo zokulwa nokutheleleka. Ukutheleleka okungabangelwa ukuqubuka kufaka phakathi:

• i-molluscum contagiosum
• i-herpes simplex
• amasongo

Isizathu sokuqubuka sinquma:

• ukuthi kubukeka kanjani
• ihlala isikhathi esingakanani
• ukuthi ingalashwa kanjani kuya ngesizathu

I-Rash ihlobene nemithi

Ngenkathi ukuqubuka kungabangelwa ukutheleleka okuhlangene nge-HIV, kungabangelwa nemithi. Eminye imishanguzo esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-HIV noma ezinye izimo ingadala ukuqubuka.

Lolu hlobo lokuqubuka luvame ukuvela kungakapheli isonto noma amasonto amabili ukuqala umuthi omusha. Kwesinye isikhathi ukuqubuka kuzosuka kukodwa. Uma kungenjalo, kungadingeka ushintsho emithini.

Ukuqhuma ngenxa yokusabela okweqile emithini kungaba kubi kakhulu.

Ezinye izimpawu zokuphendula okweqile zibandakanya:

• inkinga yokuphefumula noma ukugwinya
• isiyezi
• imfiva

I-Stevens-Johnson syndrome (i-SJS) iyisimo esingavamile sokungezwani komzimba nemithi ye-HIV. Izimpawu zihlanganisa umkhuhlane nokuvuvukala kobuso nolimi. Ukuqhuma okushayayo, okungabandakanya isikhumba nolwelwesi lwamafinyila, kuvela bese kusabalala ngokushesha.

Lapho kuthinteka isikhumba, sibizwa nge-toxic epidermal necrolysis, okuyisimo esisongela impilo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kudingeka ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuphuthumayo.

Yize ukuqubuka kungaxhunyaniswa nemithi ye-HIV noma ye-HIV, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuqubuka kuvamile futhi kungaba nezinye izimbangela eziningi.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuqubuka kwe-HIV.

Izimpawu ze-HIV emadodeni: Ingabe kukhona umehluko?

Izimpawu ze-HIV ziyehluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu, kodwa ziyefana kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Lezi zimpawu zingafika zidlule noma zikhule ngokuya ziba zimbi.

Uma umuntu echayeke nge-HIV, kungenzeka futhi ukuthi uchayeke nakwezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs). Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• gonorrhea
• chlamydia
• ugcunsula
• trichomoniasis

Abesilisa, nalabo abanendoda, bangaba namathuba amaningi okuthi abesifazane babone izimpawu zezifo zocansi ezifana nezilonda ezithweni zabo zobulili. Kodwa-ke, amadoda ngokuvamile awafuni ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kaningi njengabesifazane.

Funda kabanzi ngezimpawu ze-HIV emadodeni.

Izimpawu ze-HIV kwabesifazane: Ingabe ukhona umehluko?

Ngokwengxenye enkulu, izimpawu ze-HIV ziyefana kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu abazithola zizonke zingahluka ngokuya ngezingcuphe ezahlukahlukene amadoda nabesifazane ababhekana nazo uma bene-HIV.

Bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane abane-HIV basengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo zocansi. Kodwa-ke, abesifazane, nalabo abanesitho sangasese sowesifazane, bangahle babe mancane amathuba kunamadoda okubona amabala amancane noma olunye ushintsho esithweni sabo sangasese.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane abane-HIV basengozini enkulu yoku:

• okutheleleka kwesifo semvubelo sowesifazane sangasese
• okunye ukutheleleka kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, kufaka phakathi i-bacterial vaginosis
• isifo sokuvuvukala okhalo (PID)
• izinguquko zomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini
• i-human papillomavirus (HPV), engadala izinsumpa esithweni sangasese futhi iholele kumdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho

Yize ingahlobene nezimpawu ze-HIV, enye ingozi kwabesifazane abane-HIV ukuthi igciwane lingadluliselwa enganeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane kubhekwa njengokuphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Abesifazane abaphathwa ngemishanguzo yokuthithibalisa leli gciwane basengozini ephansi kakhulu yokudlulisela i-HIV ezinganeni zabo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokubeletha. Ukuncelisa ibele nakho kuyathinteka kwabesifazane abane-HIV. Leli gciwane lingadluliselwa enganeni ngobisi lwebele.

E-United States nakwezinye izilungiselelo lapho ifomula ifinyeleleka futhi iphephile, kunconywa ukuthi abesifazane abane-HIV hhayi bancelisa izingane zabo ibele. Kulaba besifazane, ukusetshenziswa kwefomula kuyakhuthazwa.

Izinketho ngaphandle kwefomula zifaka ubisi lomuntu olunamabhange olunamanzi.

Kwabesifazane okungenzeka ukuthi bavezwa yi-HIV, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu okufanele bazibheke.

Funda kabanzi ngezimpawu ze-HIV kwabesifazane.

Ziyini izimpawu zengculaza?

I-AIDS isho ukutholwa kwe-immunodeficiency syndrome. Ngalesi simo, amasosha omzimba abuthaka ngenxa ye-HIV evame ukuthi ingalashwa iminyaka eminingi.

Uma i-HIV itholakala futhi yelashwa kusenesikhathi ngemishanguzo yokuthithibalisa igciwane lengculazi, umuntu ngokuvamile ngeke abe ne-AIDS.

Abantu abane-HIV bangaba ne-AIDS uma i-HIV yabo ingatholakali kuze kube sekwephuzile noma uma bazi ukuthi bane-HIV kodwa bengayiphuzi njalo imishanguzo yabo yezidambisigciwane.

Bangase futhi babe ne-AIDS uma benohlobo lwe-HIV olungazweli (olungaphenduli) ekwelashweni ngezidambisigciwane.

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele nokungaguquguquki, abantu abaphila ne-HIV bangaba ne-AIDS ngokushesha. Ngaleso sikhathi, amasosha omzimba aselimele kakhulu futhi unenkinga enzima yokwenza impendulo ekutheleleni nasezifweni.

Ngokusebenzisa ukwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane, umuntu angagcina ukuxilongwa okungapheli kwe-HIV ngaphandle kokuthola i-AIDS amashumi eminyaka.

Izimpawu zengculazi zingabandakanya:

• imfiva ephindaphindayo
• izindlala ezingama-lymph ezivuvukele njalo, ikakhulukazi emakhwapheni, entanyeni, nasemgodini
• ukukhathala okungapheli
• ukujuluka ebusuku
• ama-splotches amnyama ngaphansi kwesikhumba noma ngaphakathi komlomo, ikhala, noma amajwabu amehlo
• izilonda, amabala, noma izilonda zomlomo nolimi, izitho zangasese, noma indunu
• uhlevane, izilonda, noma ukuqubuka kwesikhumba
• isifo sohudo esivela njalo noma esingapheli
• ukulahlekelwa isisindo ngokushesha
• izinkinga ze-neurologic ezifana nenkinga yokugxila, ukulahleka kwememori, nokudideka
• ukukhathazeka nokudangala

Imithi yokwelashwa ngezidambisi gciwane ilawula leli gciwane futhi ngokuvamile ivimbela ukudlulela kwengculaza. Ezinye izifo kanye nezinkinga ze-AIDS nakho kungelashwa. Leyo mpatho kufanele ihambisane nezidingo zomuntu ngamunye.

Izinketho zokwelashwa kwe-HIV

Ukwelashwa kufanele kuqale ngokushesha okukhulu ngemuva kokutholakala kwesandulela-ngculazi, kungakhathalekile ukuthi lingakanani inani legciwane egazini.

Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwe-HIV ukwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane, inhlanganisela yemithi yansuku zonke evimba ukuthi igciwane lingazaleli kabusha. Lokhu kusiza ukuvikela amaseli e-CD4, ukugcina amasosha omzimba aqinile ngokwanele ukuthatha izinyathelo zokulwa nezifo.

Ukwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane kusiza ukuvimbela i-HIV ukuthi idlulele engculazini. Kuyasiza futhi ukunciphisa ingozi yokudlulisela i-HIV kwabanye.

Lapho ukwelashwa kusebenza ngempumelelo, inani legciwane egazini liba “elingatholakali.” Umuntu usene-HIV, kodwa igciwane alibonakali emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa.

Kodwa-ke, igciwane lisesemzimbeni. Futhi uma lowo muntu eyeka ukuthatha imishanguzo yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, inani legciwane egazini lizokhuphuka futhi, kanti negciwane lesandulela ngculaza lingaqala futhi ukuhlasela amaseli e-CD4.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ukwelashwa kwe-HIV kusebenza kanjani.

Imithi ye-HIV

Imithi eminingi yokwelashwa ngezidambisi gciwane ivunyelwe ukwelapha i-HIV. Basebenzela ukuvimbela i-HIV ekuzalweni nasekuqothulweni kwamaseli e-CD4, asiza amasosha omzimba ukuthi enze impendulo ekuthelelekeni.

Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuba nezinkinga ezihlobene ne-HIV, kanye nokudlulisa igciwane kwabanye.

Le mithi yama-antiretroviral ihlelwe yaba izigaba eziyisithupha:

• i-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (i-NRTIs)
• ama-non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (ama-NNRTIs)
• ama-protease inhibitors
• i-fusion inhibitors
• Abaphikisi beCCR5, abaziwa nangokuthi ama-entry inhibitors
• i-integrase strand transfer inhibitors

Izinhlobo zokwelashwa

UMnyango Wezempilo kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu e-U.S (HHS) uvame ukuncoma ukuthi kutholakale uhlobo lwemithi yokuqala ye-HIV okungenani emibili yalezi zigaba zemithi.

Le nhlanganisela isiza ukuvimbela i-HIV ekwakheni ukumelana nemithi. (Ukumelana kusho ukuthi umuthi awusasebenzi ukwelapha igciwane.)

Imithi eminingi yezidambisigciwane ihlanganiswe neminye ukuze umuntu one-HIV aphuze iphilisi elilodwa noma amabili ngosuku.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzosiza umuntu one-HIV ukuthi akhethe uhlobo lwemithi olusekelwe ezimweni zempilo yakhe kanye nasezimeni zakhe.

Le mithi kufanele iphuzwe nsuku zonke, njengoba kunqunyiwe. Uma zingathathwa ngendlela efanele, ukumelana negciwane kungakhula, futhi kungadingeka uhlobo olusha lwemithi.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuzosiza ekutholeni ukuthi uhlobo lwemithi luyasebenza yini ukugcina umthamo wegciwane uphansi ne-CD4 count ikhuphukile. Uma umuthi wokwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane ungasebenzi, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzowashintshela ohlotsheni oluhlukile olusebenza kahle kakhulu.

Imiphumela emibi kanye nezindleko

Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane iyahlukahluka futhi ingahle ifake isicanucanu, ikhanda elibuhlungu kanye nesiyezi. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuba zesikhashana futhi zinyamalale ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Imiphumela emibi ingafaka ukuvuvukala komlomo nolimi nesibindi noma ukulimala kwezinso. Uma imiphumela emibi inzima, imishanguzo ingalungiswa.

Izindleko zokwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane ziyahlukahluka ngokuya kwendawo kanye nohlobo lokutholakala komshuwalense. Ezinye izinkampani ezenza imithi zinezinhlelo zosizo ezisiza ukwehlisa izindleko.

Funda kabanzi ngemithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-HIV.

Ukuvimbela i-HIV

Yize abacwaningi abaningi besebenza ukuthuthukisa owodwa, okwamanje awukho umuthi wokugoma otholakalayo wokuvimbela ukudluliselwa kwe-HIV.Kodwa-ke, ukuthatha izinyathelo ezithile kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukudluliswa kwe-HIV.

Ucansi oluphephile

Indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu yokudluliswa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ngocansi lwendunu noma lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane ngaphandle kwekhondomu noma enye indlela yokuvimbela. Le ngozi ayinakuqedwa ngokuphelele ngaphandle uma kugwenywa ngokuphelele ucansi, kepha ingozi ingancishiswa kakhulu ngokuthatha izinyathelo ezimbalwa zokuqapha.

Umuntu okhathazekile ngengozi yakhe ye-HIV kufanele:

• Hlolela i-HIV. Kubalulekile ukuthi bafunde isimo sabo nesomlingani wabo.
• Hlolela ezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs). Uma kutholakala ukuthi une-HIV eyodwa, kufanele belashwe, ngoba ukuba ne-STI kwandisa amathuba okuthola i-HIV.
• Sebenzisa amakhondomu. Kufanele bafunde indlela eyiyo yokusebenzisa amakhondomu futhi bawasebenzise njalo uma benza ucansi, noma ngabe kwenziwa ngokuya ocansini noma endunu. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi uketshezi lwangaphambi kwesisu (oluphuma ngaphambi kokukhishwa kowesilisa) lungaqukatha i-HIV.
• Thatha imithi yabo njengokuyalelwa uma bane-HIV. Lokhu kwehlisa ingozi yokudlulisa igciwane kumlingani wabo ocansini.

Thenga amakhondomu ku-inthanethi.

Ezinye izindlela zokuvimbela

Ezinye izinyathelo zokusiza ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwe-HIV zifaka:

• Gwema ukwabelana ngezinaliti noma ezinye izinto. I-HIV idluliswa ngegazi futhi ingangenwa ngokusebenzisa izinto ezihlangane negazi lomuntu one-HIV.
• Cabanga nge-PEP. Umuntu oye wachayeka kwi-HIV kufanele axhumane nomhlinzeki wakhe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo mayelana nokuthola i-post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). I-PEP inganciphisa ubungozi bokuthola i-HIV. Inemithi emithathu yezidambisigciwane enikezwa izinsuku ezingama-28. I-PEP kufanele iqalwe ngokushesha okukhulu ngemuva kokuvezwa kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi kudlule amahora angama-36 kuye kwangama-72.
• Cabanga nge-PrEP. Umuntu unethuba eliphakeme lokuthola i-HIV kufanele akhulume nomhlinzeki wakhe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo mayelana ne-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Uma ithathwa ngokungaguquguquki, ingehlisa ingozi yokuthola i-HIV. I-PrEP iyinhlanganisela yezidakamizwa ezimbili ezitholakala kwifomu lephilisi.

Abahlinzeki bezempilo banganikeza imininingwane ethe xaxa ngalezi nezinye izindlela zokuvimbela ukusabalala kwe-HIV.

Bheka lapha ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngokuvikeleka kwe-STI.

Ukuphila ne-HIV: Yini ongayilindela namathiphu okubhekana nakho

Bangaphezu kuka-1.2 million abantu baseMelika abaphila negciwane lengculazi. Kwehlukile kuwo wonke umuntu, kepha ngokwelashwa, abaningi bangalindela ukuphila impilo ende, ekhiqizayo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqala ukwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngokuthatha imishanguzo njengoba kubekiwe, abantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza bangagcina umthamo wegciwane egazini uphansi namasosha omzimba aqinile.

Kubalulekile futhi ukulandela umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo njalo.

Ezinye izindlela abantu abaphila ne-HIV abangathuthukisa ngazo impilo yabo zibandakanya:

• Yenza impilo yabo ize kuqala. Izinyathelo zokusiza abantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza ukuthi bazizwe engcono kakhulu zifaka:
  • kukhuthaza umzimba wabo ngokudla okunomsoco
  • ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo
  • ukuthola ukuphumula okuningi
  • ukugwema ugwayi nezinye izidakamizwa
  • ukubika noma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha kumhlinzeki wabo wezempilo ngokushesha
• Gxila empilweni yabo yengqondo. Bangacabanga ukubona owelapha onelayisense onolwazi ekwelapheni abantu abane-HIV.
• Sebenzisa imikhuba yocansi ephephile. Khuluma nabalingani babo bobulili. Hlolela ezinye izifo zocansi. Futhi sebenzisa amakhondomu nezinye izindlela zokuvimbela njalo uma beya ocansini lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane noma sangasese.
• Khuluma nomhlinzeki wabo wezokunakekelwa kwempilo nge-PrEP ne-PEP. Uma isetshenziswa ngokungaguquguquki ngumuntu ongenayo i-HIV, i-pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) ne-post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) yehlisa amathuba okudluliseka. I-PrEP ivame ukunconywa kubantu abangenayo i-HIV ebudlelwaneni nabantu abane-HIV, kodwa ingasetshenziswa nakwezinye izimo. Imithombo eku-inthanethi yokuthola umhlinzeki we-PrEP ifaka i-PrEP Locator ne-PleasePrEPMe.
• Zizungeze nabantu obathandayo. Lapho uqala ukutshela abantu ngokuxilongwa kwabo, bangaqala ukuhamba kancane ngokutshela umuntu ongagcina ukuzethemba kwabo. Bangafuna ukukhetha umuntu ongeke abahlulele futhi ozobasekela ekunakekeleni impilo yabo.
• Thola ukwesekwa. Bangakwazi ukujoyina iqembu elisekela i-HIV, kungaba mathupha noma ku-inthanethi, ukuze bakwazi ukuhlangana nabanye ababhekene nezinkinga ezifanayo abanazo. Umhlinzeki wabo wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angabaqondisa nasezinsizakalweni ezahlukahlukene endaweni yabo.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokuthola okungcono kakhulu empilweni uma uphila ne-HIV.

Yizwa ezinye izindaba zangempela zabantu abaphila ne-HIV.

Isikhathi sokuphila se-HIV: Yazi amaqiniso

Ngawo-1990, umuntu oneminyaka engu-20 one-HIV wayene-. Ngo-2011, umuntu oneminyaka engama-20 one-HIV angalindela ukuthi aphile eminye iminyaka engama-53.

Kungukuthuthuka okumangazayo, ngenxa enkulu yengxenye yokwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane. Ngokuthola ukwelashwa okufanele, abantu abaningi abane-HIV bangalindela isikhathi sokuphila esijwayelekile noma esiseduze.

Vele, izinto eziningi zithinta isikhathi sokuphila somuntu one-HIV. Phakathi kwazo kukhona:

• Ukubalwa kwamaseli e-CD4
• inani legciwane egazini
• izifo ezibucayi ezihlobene ne-HIV, ezibandakanya i-hepatitis
• ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa
• ukubhema
• ukufinyelela, ukunamathela, nokuphendula ekwelashweni
• ezinye izimo zezempilo
• ubudala

Ukuthi umuntu uhlala kuphi nakho kubalulekile. Abantu base-United States nakwamanye amazwe athuthukile bangase babe namathuba amaningi okuthola ukwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane.

Ukusetshenziswa ngokungaguquguquki kwale mithi kusiza ukuvimbela i-HIV ukuthi ingadluleli engculazini. Lapho i-HIV idlulela kwi-AIDS, isikhathi sokuphila ngaphandle kokwelashwa sesisondele.

Ngo-2017, mayelana nokuphila ne-HIV kwakusetshenziswa imishanguzo yokuthithibalisa leli gciwane.

Izibalo zokulindelwa kwempilo ziyizinkombandlela ezijwayelekile. Abantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza kufanele bakhulume nabahlinzeki babo bezempilo ukuze bafunde kabanzi ngalokho abangakulindela.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nesikhathi sokuphila kanye nombono wesikhathi eside nge-HIV.

Ingabe ukhona umuthi wokugomela i-HIV?

Njengamanje, ayikho imishanguzo yokuvikela noma yokwelapha i-HIV. Ukucwaninga nokuhlola emithini yokugoma yokuhlola kuyaqhubeka, kepha akukho okusondele ukuthi kuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile.

I-HIV yigciwane eliyinkimbinkimbi. Ishintsha (ishintshe) ngokushesha futhi imvamisa iyakwazi ukuvikela izimpendulo zamasosha omzimba. Bambalwa kuphela abantu abane-HIV abathuthukisa amasosha omzimba anciphise ububanzi, uhlobo lwama-antibody angaphendula ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene ze-HIV.

Ucwaningo lokuqala lwempilo yokugomela i-HIV eminyakeni engu-7 lwalusaqhubeka eNingizimu Afrika ngo-2016. Umuthi wokugoma wokuhlola uhlobo olusha lwasetshenziswa esivivinyweni sango-2009 esenzeka eThailand.

Ukulandelwa kweminyaka emithathu ngemuva kokugoma kukhombise ukuthi umuthi wokugoma ubusebenza ngamaphesenti angama-31.2 ekuvikeleni ukudluliswa kwe-HIV.

Lolu cwaningo lubandakanya abesilisa nabesifazane abangama-5 400 abavela eNingizimu Afrika. Ngo-2016 eNingizimu Afrika, mayelana negciwane lesandulela ngculaza. Imiphumela yocwaningo ilindeleke ngo-2021.

Ezinye izivivinyo zomtholampilo wokuvikela umuthi wokugoma wezizwe ngezizwe nazo ziyaqhubeka njengamanje.

Olunye ucwaningo ngomuthi wokugomela i-HIV nawo luyaqhubeka.

Yize ungekho umuthi wokugoma wokuvikela i-HIV, abantu abane-HIV bangazuza kweminye imigomo yokuvikela izifo ezihlobene ne-HIV. Nazi izincomo zeCDC:

• inyumoniya: yazo zonke izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-2 kanye nazo zonke abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu
• umkhuhlane: yabo bonke abantu abangaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala minyaka yonke ngaphandle kokungajwayelekile
• i-hepatitis A no-B: buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kufanele yini ugonyelwe isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A no-B, ikakhulukazi uma uku-a
• meningitis: ukugonywa kwe-meningococcal conjugate kwenzelwa bonke abantwana abasebasha kanye nentsha eneminyaka eyi-11 kuya kwengu-12 ubudala nge-booster dose eneminyaka engu-16, nanoma ngubani osengozini. Ukugonywa kwe-serogroup B meningococcal kunconyelwa noma ngubani oneminyaka eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu ngengozi eyengeziwe.
• amasongo: kulabo abaneminyaka engama-50 noma ngaphezulu

Funda ukuthi kungani umgomo wokugomela i-HIV kunzima kangaka ukuwuthuthukisa.

Izibalo ze-HIV

Nazi izinombolo ze-HIV zanamuhla:

• Ngo-2019, cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-38 emhlabeni wonke babephila ne-HIV. Kulabo, izigidi eziyi-1.8 kwakuyizingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-15.
• Ekupheleni kuka-2019, abantu abayizigidi ezingama-25.4 abaphila ne-HIV babesebenzisa imishanguzo yokuthithibalisa leli gciwane.
• Selokhu kwaqala ubhadane, abantu abayizigidi ezingama-75.7 bathole i-HIV, futhi izinkinga ezihlobene nengculazi zibulale abantu abayizigidi ezingama-32.7.
• Ngo-2019, bangu-690,000 abantu ababulawa yizifo ezihlobene nengculazi. Lokhu kwehla kusuka ezigidini eziyi-1.9 ngo-2005.
• EMpumalanga naseningizimu ye-Afrika yizona ezihlaselwe kakhulu. Ngo-2019, abantu abayizigidi ezingama-20.7 kulezi zindawo babephila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza, kanti abanye abangu-730,000 bathola leli gciwane. Lesi sifunda sinabantu abangaphezu kwengxenye yabo bonke abaphila ne-HIV emhlabeni jikelele.
• Abesifazane abadala nabasakhula baba ne-19 phesenti yokuthola okusha kwe-HIV e-United States ngo-2018. Cishe isigamu sawo wonke amacala amasha ayenzeka kubantu base-Afrika baseMelika.
• Uma engalashwa, owesifazane one-HIV unethuba lokudlulisela i-HIV enganeni yakhe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma lapho incelisa ibele. Ngokwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane phakathi nokukhulelwa nokugwema ukuncelisa ibele, ingozi ingaphansi kwaleyo.
• Ngawo-1990, umuntu oneminyaka engu-20 one-HIV wayeneminyaka engu-19. Ngo-2011, kwase kuthuthuke kwaba yiminyaka engama-53. Namuhla, isikhathi sokuphila uma ukwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane kuqalwe ngemuva nje kokuthola i-HIV.

Njengoba ukutholakala kwemishanguzo yokuthithibalisa igciwane kuqhubeka ukuthuthuka emhlabeni jikelele, ngethemba ukuthi lezi zibalo zizoqhubeka ziguquke.

Funda kabanzi ngezibalo nge-HIV.