Isebenza Kanjani Inhliziyo Yakho

-Delile

• Amakamelo enhliziyo
• Amaphayiphu enhliziyo
• Igazi ligeleza lingene enhliziyweni
• Umqhele wenhliziyo

Inhliziyo yakho

Inhliziyo yomuntu ingenye yezitho ezisebenza kanzima kakhulu emzimbeni.

Ngokwesilinganiso, ishaya cishe izikhathi ezingama-75 ngomzuzu. Njengoba inhliziyo ishaya, ihlinzeka ingcindezi ukuze igazi ligeleze ukuletha umoya-mpilo nezakhi zomzimba ezibalulekile emzimbeni wonke ngenethiwekhi ebanzi yemithambo, futhi ibuyisa ukugeleza kwegazi ngenethiwekhi yemithambo.

Eqinisweni, inhliziyo iphampa kancane isilinganiso samalitha egazi ayizi-2 000 emzimbeni nsuku zonke.

Inhliziyo yakho itholakala ngaphansi kwe-sternum ne-ribcage yakho, naphakathi kwamaphaphu akho amabili.

Amakamelo enhliziyo

Amakamelo amane enhliziyo asebenza njengepompo emaceleni amabili, enekamelo eliphansi eliqhubekayo nangaphezulu ohlangothini ngalunye lwenhliziyo.

Amakamelo amane enhliziyo yilawa:

• I-atrium engakwesokudla. Leli gumbi lithola igazi eliphethwe yi-oxygen elinemithambo yegazi eselivele lizungeze umzimba wonke, kungafakwa amaphaphu, bese liyimpompela kwi-ventricle efanele.
• I-ventricle yangakwesokudla. I-ventricle efanele idonsa igazi kusuka e-atrium engakwesokudla kuya emthanjeni wamaphaphu. Umthambo wamaphaphu uthumela igazi elingenawo umoya opholile emaphashini, lapho lithatha khona umoya-mpilo ukuze lishintshe isikhutha.
• I-atrium engakwesobunxele. Leli gumbi lithola igazi elinomoya-mpilo emithanjeni yamaphaphu emaphashini bese liyimpompela liye kwi-ventricle yangakwesobunxele.
• I-ventricle engakwesobunxele. Ngobukhulu bemisipha obukhulu kunawo wonke amakamelo, i-ventricle yangakwesobunxele yingxenye enzima kakhulu yokupompa inhliziyo, njengoba iphampa igazi eligeleza liye enhliziyweni nakulo lonke umzimba ngaphandle kwamaphaphu.

Ama-atria amabili enhliziyo womabili atholakala ngaphezulu kwenhliziyo. Banesibopho sokwamukela igazi elivela emithanjeni yakho.

Ama-ventricles amabili enhliziyo atholakala ezansi kwenhliziyo.Banesibopho sokumpompela igazi emithanjeni yakho.

Inkontileka yakho ye-atria ne-ventricles yokwenza inhliziyo yakho ishaye futhi ipompe igazi egumbini ngalinye. Amakamelo enhliziyo yakho agcwala igazi ngaphambi kokushaya ngakunye, futhi ukusikwa kuphushela igazi egumbini elilandelayo. Ukuncipha kudalwa yimidumba kagesi eqala kunodi yesono, ebizwa nangokuthi i-sinoatrial node (SA node), etholakala ezicutshini ze-atrium yakho yangakwesokudla.

Ama-pulses abe esehamba enhliziyweni yakho eya kunodi ye-atrioventricular, ebizwa nangokuthi i-AV node, etholakala maphakathi nenhliziyo phakathi kwe-atria ne-ventricles. Lezi zinkanuko zikagesi zigcina igazi lakho ligeleza ngesigqi esifanele.

Amaphayiphu enhliziyo

Inhliziyo inama-valve amane, eyodwa ngayinye ekugcineni komfula wekamelo ngalinye, ukuze, ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, igazi lingakwazi ukuhlehlela emuva, futhi amakamelo angagcwalisa igazi futhi adonse igazi phambili ngokufanele. Lawa ma-valve kwesinye isikhathi angalungiswa noma ashintshwe uma elimala.

Amaphayiphu enhliziyo yile:

• I-valve yeTricuspid (AV yesokudla). Le valve ivula ukuvumela igazi ukuba ligeleze lisuka ku-atrium elifanele liye kwi-ventricle efanele.
• I-valve yamaphaphu. Le valve ivula ukuvumela igazi ukuba ligeleze ukusuka ku-ventricle ongakwesobunxele liye emthanjeni wamaphaphu liye emaphashini, ukuze inhliziyo nomzimba wonke uthole umoya-mpilo owengeziwe.
• I-valve ye-Mitral (AV yangakwesobunxele). Le valve ivula ukuvumela ukuphuma kwegazi kusuka ku-atrium yesobunxele kuye ku-ventricle yesobunxele.
• I-aortic valve. Le valve ivula igazi lishiye i-ventricle engakwesokunxele ukuze igazi ligobhoze liye enhliziyweni nakuwo wonke umzimba, longe amaphaphu.

Igazi ligeleza lingene enhliziyweni

Lapho kusebenza kahle, igazi elingenawo umoya opholile ovela ezithweni, ngaphandle kwamaphaphu, lingena enhliziyweni ngemithambo emibili emikhulu eyaziwa ngokuthi i-vena cavae, futhi inhliziyo ibuyisela igazi layo eliyingozi emuva kuyo ngesono se-coronary.

Kusuka kulezi zinhlaka ezinobuthi, igazi lingena e-atrium efanele bese lidlula ku-valve tricuspid iye ku-ventricle efanele. Igazi bese ligeleza nge-valve yamaphaphu liye esiqwini somthambo wamaphaphu, bese ngokulandelayo lihamba ngemithambo yamaphaphu yangakwesokudla nangakwesobunxele liye emaphashini, lapho igazi lithola umoya-mpilo ngesikhathi sokushintshana komoya.

Lapho ibuya emaphashini, igazi elinomoya-mpilo lihamba ngemithambo yamaphaphu yangakwesokudla nangakwesobunxele iye e-atrium yesobunxele yenhliziyo. Igazi bese ligeleza nge-mitral valve lingene ku-ventricle yangakwesobunxele, ikamelo lamandla enhliziyo.

Igazi liphuma nge-ventricle engakwesokunxele lidlule ku-valve ye-aortic, lize liye ku-aorta, likhuphukela phezulu lisuka enhliziyweni. Ukusuka lapho, igazi lihamba ngomugqa wemithambo ukuze lifinyelele kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni ngaphandle kwamaphaphu.

Umqhele wenhliziyo

Ukwakheka kwegazi lenhliziyo kubizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi emzimbeni. Igama elithi "coronary" lisuselwa egameni lesiLatini elisho "umqhele." Imithambo ebasa imisipha yenhliziyo izungeza inhliziyo njengomqhele.

Isifo senhliziyo, esibizwa nangokuthi i-coronary artery disease, siqala ukukhula lapho i-calcium equkethe i-cholesterol nama-plaque eqoqayo iqoqa futhi ilimaze imithambo eyondla imisipha yenhliziyo. Uma ingxenye yolunye lwalezi zingcwecwe iqhekeka, ingavimba ngokungazelelwe omunye wemikhumbi futhi ibangele ukuba imisipha yenhliziyo iqale ukufa (i-myocardial infarction) ngoba ilambile umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba. Lokhu kungenzeka futhi uma ihlule legazi lakha komunye wemithambo yenhliziyo, okungenzeka ngemuva kokuqhekeka koqwembe.