Kuthatha Isikhathi Esingakanani Ubuthi Botshwala?

-Delile

• Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
• Zingaki iziphuzo ezingaholela ekufakeni ubuthi otshwaleni?
• Ukwanda kwamazinga otshwala kuwuthinta kanjani umzimba?
• Izimpawu
• Ukwelashwa
• Ukuvimbela
• Uzoya nini ku-ER
• Okubalulekile

Utshwala obunobuthi buyisimo esisongela impilo esenzeka lapho utshwala obuningi busetshenziswa ngokushesha okukhulu. Kepha ihlala isikhathi esingakanani ubuthi botshwala?

Impendulo emfushane ukuthi, kuya.

Isikhathi esithatha utshwala kubo bobabili sinomthelela futhi ngemuva kwalokho sishiye isistimu yakho sincike ezintweni eziningi, ezifana nesisindo sakho nokuthi zingaki iziphuzo oke waba nazo ngesikhathi esithile.

Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngobuthi botshwala, izimpawu okufanele uzibheke, nokuthi ungalufuna nini usizo oluphuthumayo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa

Ngezansi sizohlola ezinye zezinto ezingaba nomthelela ekufakeni ubuthi otshwaleni nokuthi uzoyizwa isikhathi esingakanani imiphumela.

Zingaki iziphuzo ezingaholela ekufakeni ubuthi otshwaleni?

Impendulo yalo mbuzo iyehluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu. Utshwala buthinta wonke umuntu ngokwehlukile.

Izinto eziningi zingaba nomthelela ekutheni utshwala busebenza kanjani emzimbeni kanye nesikhathi esithathayo ukusula emzimbeni wakho. Ezinye izibonelo zifaka:

• ubudala
• isisindo
• ucansi
• umzimba
• uhlobo namandla ophuzo oludakayo
• izinga lapho utshwala buphuzwa khona
• udle kangakanani ukudla
• imishanguzo kadokotela, njengemithi yezinhlungu ze-opioid, izinsiza zokulala, kanye neminye imithi elwa nokukhathazeka
• ukubekezelelana kwakho kotshwala

Ukuphuza ngokweqile kuyimbangela evamile yobuthi botshwala. Kuchazwa njengalapho owesilisa eneziphuzo ezinhlanu noma ngaphezulu kungakapheli amahora amabili noma lapho owesifazane eneziphuzo ezine noma ngaphezulu kungakapheli amahora amabili.

Isiphuzo singakanani? Kuyahluka kuye ngohlobo lotshwala. Isibonelo, isiphuzo esisodwa singaba:

• Ama-ounces ayi-12 kabhiya
• Ama-ounces ama-5 ewayini
• 1.5 amagremu otshwala

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye iziphuzo, njengeziphuzo ezixubekile, zingaba nokuningi kokuphakwa kotshwala kuzo. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ukugcina ithrekhi yokuthi ungakanani utshwala obudlile empeleni.

Ukwanda kwamazinga otshwala kuwuthinta kanjani umzimba?

Ukuphuza iziphuzo ezidakayo kuholela ekwandeni kokuhlushwa kwegazi egazini lakho (BAC). Njengoba i-BAC yakho inyuka, kanjalo nengozi yakho yokufaka ushevu otshwaleni.

Nayi imiphumela ejwayelekile yokwanda kwe-BAC:

• 0.0 kuya kumaphesenti ayi-0.05: Ungazizwa ukhululekile noma ulele futhi ungakhubazeka okuncane ememori, ekuxhumaneni nasekukhulumeni.
• Amaphesenti angu-0.06 kuya ku-0.15: Imemori, ukuxhumanisa, nenkulumo kukhubazeka ngokwengeziwe. Amakhono okushayela nawo athinteka kakhulu. Ukuhlukumezeka kunganda kwabanye abantu.
• Amaphesenti angu-0.16 kuya ku-0.30: Imemori, ukuxhumana, nenkulumo kuthinteka kakhulu. Amakhono okwenza izinqumo nawo akhubazekile kakhulu. Ezinye izimpawu zobuthi botshwala zingase zibe khona, njengokuhlanza nokulahlekelwa ukwazi.
• Amaphesenti angu-0.31 kuya ku-0.45: Ingozi yobungozi obusongela impilo yotshwala iyanda. Imisebenzi ebalulekile, njengokuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo, icindezeleke kakhulu.

Kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi i-BAC ingaqhubeka nokwanda uma nje imizuzu engama-40 ngemuva kwesiphuzo sakho sokugcina. Ngakho-ke, uma uphuze utshwala obuningi, usengaba sengozini yokufaka ushevu otshwaleni noma ngabe uyekile ukuphuza.

Izimpawu

Kubalulekile ukwazi izimpawu zobuthi botshwala ukuze ukwazi ukufuna usizo lwezempilo. Umuntu onobuthi botshwala angahlangabezana nalokhu okulandelayo:

• ukuzizwa udidekile noma udidekile
• ukuntuleka okukhulu kokuxhumanisa
• ukuhlanza
• ukuphefumula okungajwayelekile (imizuzwana eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu phakathi kokuphefumula ngakunye)
• ukuphefumula okuphuzile (ngaphansi kuka-8 ukuphefumula ngomzuzu)
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane
• isikhumba esibandayo noma esiwumbumbulu futhi singabonakala sigqamile noma siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• kwehlisa ukushisa komzimba (hypothermia)
• isithuthwane
• ukuqaphela kodwa ungaphenduli (ukulala)
• unenkinga yokuhlala uphapheme noma uhlala uqaphile
• ukudlula futhi akukwazi ukuvuswa kalula

Ukwelashwa

Ukwelashwa ngobuthi botshwala kwenziwa esibhedlela. Kuhilela ukuhlinzeka ngokubhekisisa nokunakekela okusekelayo ngenkathi utshwala bususwa emzimbeni. Ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• uketshezi lwe-intravenous (IV) ukugcina amazinga we-hydration, ushukela wegazi, namavithamini
• intubation noma i-oxygen therapy ukusiza ngezinkinga zokuphefumula nokuklinya
• ukufutha noma ukupompa isisu ukuze usule utshwala emzimbeni
• i-hemodialysis, inqubo esheshisa ukususwa kotshwala egazini

Ukuvimbela

Indlela engcono yokuvimbela ubuthi botshwala ukuphuza ngokuzibophezela. Landela amathiphu angezansi:

• Phuza utshwala ngokulinganisela. Ngokuvamile, lokhu iziphuzo ezimbili ngosuku kwabesilisa nesinye ngosuku kwabesifazane.
• Gwema ukuphuza esiswini esingenalutho. Ukuba nesisu esigcwele kungasiza ukubambezela ukumuncwa kotshwala.
• Phuza amanzi. Uma uphuzile, zama ukunamathela esiphuzweni esisodwa njalo ngehora. Phuza ingilazi yamanzi njalo emva kweziphuzo ezimbalwa.
• Yiba nomthwalo wemfanelo. Gcina umbhalo walokho ukuthi uphuze iziphuzo ezingaki. Gwema noma iziphi iziphuzo ezinokuqukethwe okungaziwa.
• Ungaphuzi utshwala. Gwema imisebenzi noma imidlalo yokuphuza engakucindezela ukuthi uziphuze ngokweqile.
• Yazi imithi yakho. Uma uthatha noma yimiphi imishanguzo kadokotela noma yamaphilisi noma izithasiselo, qaphela noma iziphi izexwayiso ezimayelana nokuphuza utshwala.

Uzoya nini ku-ER

Ukuphuza utshwala kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinjengokuklinya, ukulimala ebuchosheni, nasekufeni. Ukwelashwa ngokushesha kungasiza ekuvimbeleni lezi zinkinga ukuthi zenzeke.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi othile unoshevu wotshwala, ungalokothi unqikaze ukufuna usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi umuntu onobuthi botshwala kungenzeka angabi nazo zonke izimpawu nezimpawu. Uma ungabaza, shayela ku-911.

Ngenkathi ulinde usizo ukufika, ungenza okulandelayo:

• Ungamshiyi yedwa, ikakhulukazi uma equlekile.
• Uma umuntu ephaphama, mtshele ukuthi uzama ukusiza.
• Zama ukubagcina bephapheme. Banike amanzi baphuze.
• Basize uma behlanza. Zama ukuzigcina zimile, kepha uma kufanele zilale phansi, jikisa ikhanda lazo ohlangothini ukuvimbela ukuminyana.
• Njengoba i-hypothermia iwuphawu lobuthi obudakayo, mboze umuntu ngengubo uma ikhona.
• Zilungiselele ukunikeza abezimo eziphuthumayo imininingwane eminingi ngangokunokwenzeka mayelana nokuthi umuntu ubuphuze kangakanani utshwala nokuthi hlobo luni lotshwala.

Okubalulekile

Ubuthi botshwala buyenzeka uma uphuza kakhulu utshwala ngokushesha okukhulu. Kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu ngisho nokufa. Uma usola ukuthi othile unoshevu wotshwala, hlala ushayela ku-911.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uphuza ngendlela efanele kungavimbela ubuthi botshwala. Njalo phuza ngokulinganisela, futhi ugcine ithrekhi yenani leziphuzo oke waba nazo. Gwema noma iziphi iziphuzo ezinokuqukethwe okungaziwa.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma umuntu omthandayo usebenzisa kabi utshwala, ungalokothi unqikaze ukufuna usizo. Nazi izinsiza ezinhle zokuqala:

• Shayela ucingo losizo lwe-Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration ku-800-662-USIZO ukuthola ulwazi lwamahhala noluyimfihlo 24/7.
• Vakashela i-National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism’s Treatment Navigator ukuthola izindlela zokwelashwa eziseduze kwakho.