Ungazala Ngokushesha Kangakanani?

-Delile

• Kuphephe nini ukubeletha?
• Yiliphi isonto lokuqala ongaletha ngalo ngokuphepha?
• Izingane eziningi zizalwa nini?
• Ziyini izimbangela nezingozi zokulethwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi?
• Izinto okufanele wazi nge-NICU
• Ukuvimbela kanjani ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi?
• Ngaphambi kokukhulelwa
• Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• Ngemuva kokubeletha
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ukuphela kwe-trimester yesithathu yokukhulelwa kuvame ukugcwala injabulo kanye nokukhathazeka ngokufika kwengane. Kungaba futhi ukungakhululeki ngokomzimba nokukhipha imizwa.

Uma ukulesi sigaba sokukhulelwa manje, ungahle ubhekane namaqakala okuvuvukala, ingcindezi eyengeziwe esiswini nasesinqeni sakho esezansi, nemicabango ezungezayo, efana, Ngizobeletha nini?

Lapho ufinyelela emasontweni angama-37, ukufakwa kwabasebenzi kungabonakala njengesipho esihle esivela endaweni yonke, kepha abacwaningi bancoma ukulinda ingane yakho ize ifike esigabeni esigcwele, ngaphandle kwalapho kunezinkinga ezinkulu zezempilo zakho noma zengane yakho.

Kuphephe nini ukubeletha?

Ukukhulelwa isikhathi esigcwele amasonto angama-40 ubude. Yize abezempilo bake bacabanga ukuthi “isikhathi” sisukela esontweni lama-37 kuya kwelesonto lama-42, lawo masonto ambalwa okugcina abaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungawanaki.

Kukulesi sikhathi sokugcina lapho umzimba wakho wenza amalungiselelo wokugcina wokubeletha, ngenkathi ingane yakho iqeda ukuthuthukiswa kwezitho ezidingekayo (njengobuchopho namaphaphu) futhi ifinyelela isisindo sokuzalwa esinempilo.

Ingcuphe yezinkinga zokubeletha incane kakhulu ekukhulelweni okungenzima okulethwa phakathi kwamasonto angama-39 nama-41.

Ukuze unikeze ingane yakho isiqalo esinempilo esingcono kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuhlala unesineke. Ukwehliswa kwabasebenzi abakhethiwe ngaphambi kwesonto lama-39 kungabeka izingozi zezempilo zesikhashana nezesikhathi eside enganeni. Ukudiliva okwenzeka ngesonto lama-41 noma kamuva nakho kungakhuphula izinkinga.

Abekho abesifazane ababili - akukho ukukhulelwa okubili - okufanayo. Ezinye izingane zizofika masisha masinyane, ezinye zifike sekwedlule isikhathi, ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinkulu.

I-American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ihlukanisa ukulethwa kusuka ngesonto lama-37 kuye kwangama-42 ngokulandelayo:

• Isikhathi sokuqala: Amasonto angama-37 kuya emavikini angama-38, izinsuku eziyisithupha
• Isikhathi esigcwele: Amasonto angama-39 kuya emasontweni angama-40, izinsuku eziyisithupha
• Isikhathi esedlule: Amasonto angama-41 kuya emavikini angama-41, izinsuku eziyisithupha
• Ngemuva kwesikhathi: Amasonto angama-42 nangaphezulu

Yiliphi isonto lokuqala ongaletha ngalo ngokuphepha?

Lapho ingane yakho izalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, iba sengozini enkulu impilo yayo nokusinda kwayo.

Uma izalwe ngaphambi kwesonto lama-37, ingane yakho ibhekwa njenge- “preterm” noma “ngaphambi kwesikhathi”. Uma izalwe ngaphambi kwesonto lama-28, ingane yakho ibhekwa “ingakafiki isikhathi ngokweqile.”

Izingane ezizalwa phakathi kwamasonto angama-20 kuye kwangama-25 zinethuba eliphansi kakhulu lokusinda ngaphandle kokukhubazeka kwe-neurodevelopmental. Izingane ezilethwa ngaphambi kwesonto lama-23 zinethuba lokusinda elingamaphesenti amahlanu kuya kwayisithupha kuphela.

Kulezi zinsuku, izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nezangaphambi kokubeletha zinenzuzo yentuthuko yezokwelapha ukusiza ukuxhasa ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwezitho kuze kube yilapho izinga lempilo lilingana nelomntwana osesikhathini.

Uma wazi ukuthi uzoba nokulethwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngokweqile, ungasebenza nodokotela wakho wezempilo ukwakha uhlelo lokunakekelwa ozokuthola wena nengane yakho. Kubalulekile ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho noma umbelethisi ukuze ufunde ngazo zonke izingozi nezinkinga ezingase zivele.

Esinye sezizathu ezibaluleke kakhulu ofuna ukufinyelela kuso isikhathi esigcwele ekukhulelweni ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okuphelele kwamaphaphu engane.

Kodwa-ke, kunezinto eziningi ezihlobene nomama, umntwana, kanye ne-placenta ezodinga ukuthi udokotela, udokotela, noma umbelethisi alinganise izingozi ezihambisana nokufinyelela isikhathi esigcwele ngokumelene nenzuzo yokukhula okuphelele kwamaphaphu.

Ezinye zalezi zinto zibandakanya i-placenta previa, i-cesarean yangaphambili noma i-myomectomy, i-preeclampsia, amawele noma ama-triplets, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela kanye ne-HIV.

Kwezinye izimo, ukulethwa ngaphambi kwamasonto angama-39 kuyadingeka. Uma ungena emsebenzini ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma uma umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo encoma ukufakwa emsebenzini, kusenokwenzeka ukuthi ube nokuhlangenwe nakho okuhle, okunempilo.

Izingane eziningi zizalwa nini?

Ngokusho kwabaningi, izingane eziningi zizalwa isikhathi esigcwele. Ukucaciswa:

• Amaphesenti angama-57.5 akho konke ukuzalwa okurekhodiwe kwenzeka phakathi kwamasonto angama-39 nama-41.
• Amaphesenti angama-26 okuzalwa azalwa emasontweni angama-37 kuya kwangu-38.
• Cishe amaphesenti ayi-7 ezinsuku zokuzalwa zenzeka emasontweni angama-34 kuye kwangama-36
• Cishe amaphesenti ama-6.5 okuzalwa azalwa ngesonto lama-41 noma kamuva
• Cishe amaphesenti amathathu okuzalwa azalwa ngaphambi kwamasonto angama-34 okukhulelwa.

Abanye besifazane bathola ukulethwa okuphindaphindiwe kwangaphambi kwesikhathi (ukulethwa kabili noma ngaphezulu ngaphambi kwamasonto angama-37).

Njengoba nje ukuba nengane yangaphambi kokuzalwa kungukuthola enye ingane ngaphambi kwesikhathi, abesifazane abanokubeletha kwangaphambi kwesikhathi sekhefu banamathuba amaningi okuthola ukulethwa kwangemva kwesikhathi.

Amathuba okuba nokuzalwa kwangemva kokubeletha ayanda uma ungumama wokuqala, ukuba nengane yomfana, noma okhuluphele (i-BMI enkulu kunama-30).

Ziyini izimbangela nezingozi zokulethwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi?

Isikhathi esiningi, imbangela yokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ihlala ingaziwa. Kodwa-ke, abesifazane abanomlando wesifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, isifo sezinso, noma umfutho wegazi ophezulu banamathuba amaningi okuthola ukulethwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ezinye izinto eziyingozi nezimbangela zifaka:

• ukhulelwe izingane eziningi
• ukopha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa
• ukuthola ukutheleleka ngomgudu womchamo
• ukubhema ugwayi
• ukuphuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• ukubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi ekukhulelweni kwangaphambilini
• ukuba nesibeletho esingajwayelekile
• ukuthuthukisa ukutheleleka kwe-membrane ye-amniotic
• ukungadli okunempilo ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• umlomo wesibeletho obuthakathaka
• umlando wesifo sokudla
• ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• ukuba nengcindezi enkulu

Kunezingozi eziningi zezempilo ezinganeni ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Izinkinga ezinkulu ezisongela impilo, njengokuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni noma emaphashini, i-patent ductus arteriosus, kanye ne-neonatal yokuphefumula kwesifo sokugula, kwesinye isikhathi kungaphathwa ngempumelelo egunjini lokunakekela izingane ezisanda kuzalwa (i-NICU) kepha kuvame ukudinga ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside.

Ezinye izingozi ezihilelekile ekulethweni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi zifaka:

• inkinga yokuphefumula
• izinkinga zokubona nezokuzwa
• isisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi
• ubunzima bokungena ebeleni nasekunceliseni
• i-jaundice
• ubunzima bokulawula ukushisa komzimba

Iningi lalezi zimo lizodinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ku-NICU. Yilapho ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo bezokwenza khona izivivinyo, bahlinzeke ngemithi yokwelashwa, basize ukuphefumula, futhi basize ukondla izingane ezingakazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukunakekelwa okutholwa usana olusanda kuzalwa ku-NICU kuzosiza ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi engcono kakhulu yempilo ngangokunokwenzeka enganeni yakho.

Izinto okufanele wazi nge-NICU

Emindenini egcina inengane ku-NICU, kunezinto ezimbalwa ezilula ezingenza umehluko omkhulu empilweni nokubuyiselwa kwengane ngokuphelele.

Okokuqala, ukusebenzisa ukunakekelwa kwe-kangaroo, noma ukubamba ingane ngqo esikhunjeni kuye kwaba amazinga okufa, ukutheleleka, ukugula nobude bokuhlala esibhedlela. Kungasiza futhi abazali nezingane ukuhlangana.

Okwesibili, ukuthola ubisi lwebele lomuntu ku-NICU kutholakale ukuthi kuthuthukisa amazinga okusinda futhi kwehlise kakhulu amazinga okutheleleka okunzima emathunjini okubizwa nge-necrotizing entercolitis uma kuqhathaniswa nezingane ezithola ifomula.

Omama abazala ingane ezalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kufanele baqale ukumpompa ubisi lwebele ngokushesha okukhulu ngemuva kokuzalwa, bese bempompa amahlandla ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwayi-12 ngosuku. Ubisi olunikelayo oluvela ebhange lobisi nakho kuyindlela.

Odokotela nabahlengikazi bazobuka ingane yakho njengoba ikhula ukuqinisekisa ukunakekelwa nokwelashwa okufanele, uma kunesidingo. Kubalulekile ukuhlala unolwazi, ukuthola ukunakekelwa okufanele okukhethekile, futhi uhlale uhambisana nanoma ikuphi ukwelashwa nokuqokwa kwesikhathi esizayo.

Ukuvimbela kanjani ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi?

Yize zingekho iziphonso zemilingo zokuqinisekisa ukukhulelwa kwesikhathi esigcwele, kunezinto ezimbalwa ongazenza wedwa ukwehlisa ubungozi bokusebenza nokubeletha kwasekuqaleni.

Ngaphambi kokukhulelwa

Yiba nempilo! Ingabe unesisindo esinempilo? Ingabe uthatha amavithamini okubeletha? Uzophinde ufune ukunciphisa ukuphuza utshwala, uzame ukuyeka ukubhema, futhi ungasebenzisi kabi noma iziphi izidakamizwa.

Zivocavoca njalo futhi uzame ukuqeda noma imiphi imithombo yengcindezi engadingekile empilweni yakho. Uma unemibandela yezempilo engalapheki, welashwa futhi uhlale uhambisana nokwelashwa.

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Landela imithetho. Yidla uphilile futhi uthole isilinganiso esifanele sokulala. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo (qiniseka ukuthi ubuza umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngaphambi kokuqala noma iyiphi inqubo yokuzivocavoca ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa).

Iya kukho konke ukuqokwa kokubeletha okuhleliwe, nikeza umlando wezempilo othembekile futhi ophelele kumhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo, bese ulandela izeluleko zabo. Zivikele ezifweni ezingaba khona nasekuguleni. Yenza umzamo wokuthola isisindo esifanele (futhi, khuluma ne-OB yakho ngalokho okulungele wena).

Funa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha nganoma yiziphi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso zomsebenzi wangaphambi kokubeletha, njengokuphambana, izinhlungu ezihlala ziphansi emuva, ukuphuka kwamanzi, amajaqamba esiswini, kanye nanoma iziphi izinguquko ekuphumeni kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane.

Ngemuva kokubeletha

Linda okungenani izinyanga eziyi-18 ngaphambi kokuzama ukukhulelwa futhi. Isikhathi esifushane phakathi kokukhulelwa, inkulu ingozi yokulethwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, ngokusho kukaMashi weDimes.

Uma umdala kuno-35, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo mayelana nesikhathi esifanele sokulinda ngaphambi kokuzama futhi.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ukubeletha ngokungalindelekile enganeni engaphambi kwesikhathi noma yangemva kokubeletha kungaba nengcindezi futhi kube nzima, ikakhulukazi uma kungenakuvinjelwa. Khuluma nodokotela wakho noma umbelethisi futhi uhlale unolwazi.

Ukufunda okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngezinqubo nokwelashwa ongakuthola wena nengane yakho kuzosiza ekunciphiseni ukukhathazeka futhi kukunikeze umuzwa wokulawula.

Khumbula ukuthi izinketho nokusekelwa kwezingane ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi sekuthuthukile ngokuhamba kweminyaka, futhi amathuba okushiya esibhedlela nengane enempilo aphakeme kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. Lapho wazi okwengeziwe, uzokulungela kangcono ukunikeza umntanakho lonke uthando nokunakekelwa okubafanele.